Any disease requires an attentive attitude towards it, at least for the period of treatment and recovery. In no case should you underestimate the importance of therapeutic nutrition. No matter how wonderful the pills are prescribed, without observing all the rules there will be no positive effect.
All options for clinical nutrition were described and classified by dietitian Manuil Pevzner.
Indications for table No. 1
Diet 1 table (menu) is prescribed exclusively by a doctor. It is intended for patients with peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum (12PC), which is accompanied by an increase in acidity.
It is used after stopping the acute period of an ulcer or with a mild exacerbation.
The goal is to reduce the aggressiveness of the effects on the walls of a sick stomach and 12PCs of food with an excessively high or low temperature, mechanically potentially harmful, chemically active. In addition, it should stop inflammatory manifestations, optimize secretion and peristalsis, create conditions for the speedy scarring of ulcers. Diet 1 table (menu for the week) should be carefully observed. Then it will give clear positive results.
The main aspects of the table №1
The ratio of protein-fat-carbohydrate is changing in the direction of reducing the intake of carbohydrates. Thus, calorie intake is also reduced. The level of proteins does not change.
What features does the 1 table diet have? The menu for the week should be pre-scheduled by the doctor. As much as possible, foods that increase the secretion and irritation of the gastric mucosa and 12PCs should be excluded from the diet. Everything is steamed, cooked, baked, but without a crust. To avoid mechanical damage, food is recommended to be wiped.
Therapeutic diet No. 1 has the following properties:
- about 3 thousand kcal;
- 100 mg protein (60% of the animal);
- no more than 400 mg of carbohydrates;
- 100 grams of fat (30% vegetable)
- up to 10 grams of salt;
- 1.5 liters of water.
First course broths are made with vegetables. Mashed soups are recommended. Liquid dishes with milk can be made with cereals, noodles, grated vegetables. Add to the soup non-fat cream, dressing from the egg. Prohibited okroshka, borscht, cabbage soup. Excluded all rich broths, except vegetable.
What can and cannot be?
The diet allows you to eat daily baked goods from the dough of the highest and first grade flour, dry biscuits and cookies, but with a frequency of up to 2 times a week.
It is not contraindicated to enjoy cottage cheese cheesecake, baked pies with boiled meat, eggs. But you can not, if they are fried, with a crisp. It is forbidden to eat muffin and puffs, any just baked bread.
Steamed or cooked meals are allowed. Only lean beef, young lamb, chicken, turkey, veal are used. You can eat boiled liver, tongue. From fish, non-greasy varieties are prepared, cooked in a piece or cutlets.
Any canned food, smoked meats, fatty meat are excluded from food. Not recommended goose or duck. It is allowed to eat non-fat cream, milk, lactic acid products, but not too acidic, non-fat sour cream, non-acidic and nonfat cottage cheese.
Eggs are not prohibited, but only up to 3 pcs. There are them boiled, but not cool, you can steamed omelette. Rice, buckwheat, semolina, potatoes, carrots, cauliflower, beets in a puree consistency are allowed. You can eat early squash, pumpkin. It is also allowed to eat about 100 grams of non-acidic tomatoes.
Fruits and berries are consumed boiled, mashed, baked. You can eat honey, non-sour jam. A weak concentration of tea, coffee and cocoa, a decoction of rose hips, diluted juices are allowed.
You can use vegetable oil, only refined, as well as butter, ghee. Products that are not listed are excluded a priori. Drinking alcohol is strictly unacceptable if a 1 table diet is followed. The weekly menu also excludes spices.
Table 1a
Table 1 has two subtypes: “a” and “b”.
- 1 group. A diet called "subtype 1a" is used to exacerbate an ulcer, a chronic form of gastritis with a high or normal level of acidity, with acute gastroduodenitis, gastritis. Such a table is relevant in the nutrition of patients with burns of the esophagus and stomach, at the stage of recovery after surgery on the digestive tract. You can eat no more than 1800 kcal per day. Carbohydrate intake is approximately 200 grams. The amount of salt per day is reduced to 6-8 grams. The frequency of food intake is up to 6-7 times a day. Dishes are grated, boiled, steam. A feature of this subtype is the complete exclusion of bread, all vegetables and fruits.
- Table 1b. This subtype of the first table is used for exacerbation of an ulcer, acute or chronic form of gastritis. Energy value reaches 2600 kcal per day. Carbohydrates - about 300 g. Salt will remain up to 8 g. On the day, the number of meals is 5-6 times. Liquid, grated and boiled to a porridge-like state, steamed products are allowed.
The bans are similar to table 1a. You can’t cheese, all fermented milk products, confectionery sweets, fresh vegetables and fruits. Excluded drinks with gas, cocoa, coffee. Only 100 grams of crackers made from high-grade flour are allowed from bread. You can eat boiled beets, potatoes, carrots, which are ground to a puree consistency.
Joint use of tables 1a and 1b
With exacerbation of an ulcer, the following dietary table scheme is often used. On days 1-9, diet 1a is applied. From 10 to 14th - 1b.
But, as a rule, the patient immediately receives recommendations about the menu for a week. The fact is that these numbers are relative. The number of days allotted for a certain diet at each specific stage of the course of the disease is individual for the patient. It depends on the severity of the disease, on the presence of concomitant pathologies, on how quickly the patient is recovering. If the condition worsens, then the menu for the week remains more sparing.
If the condition improves markedly, then a wider list of products will be included in the current menu. It is not necessary to prescribe and cancel medical nutrition yourself. The point is not to maintain this diet, but to eat properly from a medical point of view. Such a diet is equivalent to prescribing drugs. If once a diet is prescribed by the doctor, 1 table, he should also write the menu for the week.