å³ 1
MTUã䜿çšããŠOSIã¬ã€ã€ãŒã調ã¹ãŠã¿ãŸãããã
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ã€ãŒãµãããMTUã¯ãããŒããŠã§ã¢MTUã®ç¹æ®ãªã±ãŒã¹ã§ãã ããŒããŠã§ã¢MTUã®å®çŸ©ã¯ãäžè¬çãªå®çŸ©ã«åŸããŸãã
ããŒããŠã§ã¢MTUã¯ã1åã®å埩ã§ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ãéä¿¡ã§ããæ倧ãã±ãããµã€ãºã§ãïŒå°ãªããšãå€ã¯ããã€ã¹ã®ä»æ§ã§æå®ãããŠããŸããå®éãäžéšã®ãããã»ããã¯èŠå®ããã倧ãããã±ãããµã€ãºã®è»¢éããµããŒãããŠããŸãïŒã ãããã£ãŠãã€ãŒãµãããããåãé¢ããŠå³1ãèŠããšã次ã®ããšãããããŸãã
å³ 2
泚ïŒãã ããããã§ã¯äºçŽãªãã§è¡ãããšã¯ã§ããŸããã ã芧ã®ãšãããHW MTUïŒç¹ã«ã€ãŒãµãããMTUïŒã«ã¯L2ããããŒãå«ãŸããŠããŸããã ãã ããããã¯IOSããã³IOS XEã«åœãŠã¯ãŸããŸãããIOS XRããã³JunOSã®å ŽåãL2ããããŒã¯HW MTUãµã€ãºã«å«ãŸããŸã-å³ 3.ãã®æ©èœã¯ãIOSïŒXEïŒãšIââOS XRãå®è¡ããŠãããã©ââãããã©ãŒã éã«OSPFãã€ããŒã·ãããã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããšãã«åé¡ãåŒãèµ·ããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãïŒOSPFã§ã¯ãHelloãã±ããã§äžèŽããMTUãå¿ èŠã§ãïŒã ãããã£ãŠãã€ãŒãµãããã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ã®MTUãèšå®ããå ŽåãIOS XR MTUã¯14ãã€ã倧ããããå¿ èŠããããŸãïŒ12ãã€ãsrc mac + dst macããã³2ãã€ãEtherTypeïŒã ããšãã°ãCisco IOSã®1500ã®MTUã¯ãIOS XRã®1514ã®MTUãšåçã§ãã
å³ 3
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Cisco IOSãå®è¡ããŠããã«ãŒã¿ã®MTUãå€æŽããã«ã¯ãlevel interfaceã³ãã³ãã䜿çšããŸãã
R01(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 5/1 R01(config-if)#mtu 1532 R01(config-if)#exit
ç§ãã¡ã¯ãã§ãã¯ããŸãïŒ
R01#show interfaces gigabitEthernet 5/1 GigabitEthernet5/1 is up, line protocol is up (connected) Hardware is C6k 1000Mb 802.3, address is 0008.e3ff.fde0 (bia 0008.e3ff.fde0) Description: -- -- MTU 1532 bytes, BW 1000000 Kbit, DLY 10 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 82/255, rxload 20/255 Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set Keepalive set (10 sec) Full-duplex, 1000Mb/s, media type is LH ..... OUTPUT OMITTED
ãããŠ
R01#show run interface gigabitEthernet 5/1 interface GigabitEthernet 5/1 description -- -- no switchport mtu 1532 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 end
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IP MTUã¯ããã©ã°ã¡ã³ããŒã·ã§ã³ã«é Œããã«ãã®ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ã§éä¿¡ã§ããIPããããŒã䜿çšããŠæ倧ãã±ãããµã€ãºã決å®ããŸãã IP MTUãšHW MTUã®é¢ä¿ã¯ã次ã®åŒã§èª¬æãããŸãã
IP MTU †HW MTU
ãããã£ãŠãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããIP MTUãè¶ ãããã±ãããã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ã«å°çãããšããã±ããã¯ãã©ã°ã¡ã³ãåãããããIPããããŒã®DFïŒDO NOT FragmentïŒãã©ã°ã®å Žåã¯ç Žæ£ãããããã€ã¹ã¯ãã¹MTUã¡ã«ããºã ã§äœ¿çšãããICMP Fragmentation Neededã¡ãã»ãŒãžãçæã§ããŸãçºèŠãïŒåŸã§ããã«ã€ããŠïŒããœãŒã¹ãã±ããã®éä¿¡è ã«éãè¿ããŸãã
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Cisco IOSãå®è¡ããŠããã«ãŒã¿ã®IP MTUãå€æŽããã«ã¯ãlevel interfaceã³ãã³ãã䜿çšããŸãã
R01(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 5/1 R01(config-if)#ip mtu 1532 R01(config-if)#exit
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show interfaces gigabitEthernet 5/1 GigabitEthernet 5/1is up, line protocol is up Internet address is 192.168.1.1/24 Broadcast address is 255.255.255.255 Address determined by non-volatile memory MTU is 1532 bytes Helper address is not set Directed broadcast forwarding is disabled Multicast reserved groups joined: 224.0.0.5 224.0.0.2 Outgoing access list is not set Inbound access list is not set ..... OUTPUT OMITTED
ãããŠ
R01#show run interface gigabitEthernet 5/1 interface GigabitEthernet 5/1 description -- -- no switchport mtu 1532 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 no ip redirects no ip unreachables no ip proxy-arp end
ããã«ãã®æããããŸãã ip mtuã³ãã³ãã¯ãshow runã§ã¯è¡šç€ºãããŸããã ã¯ããèå³æ·±ãèŠåããããŸã-ip mtuãhw mtuãšäžèŽããå Žåãshow runã®åºåã«ã¯hw mtuã®ã¿ã衚瀺ãããŸãã å€ãç°ãªãå Žåã¯ãäž¡æ¹ã衚瀺ãããŸãã
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TCPæ倧ã»ã°ã¡ã³ããµã€ãºïŒMSSïŒã¯ãTCPã»ãã·ã§ã³äžã«äœ¿çšïŒéä¿¡/åä¿¡ïŒã§ããTCPã»ã°ã¡ã³ãã®æ倧ãµã€ãºïŒ TCPããããŒãªãïŒ ïŒãå®çŸ©ããŸãã TCPã»ãã·ã§ã³ã®ã»ããã¢ããäžã«ãTCP MSSãµã€ãºã®ã¢ããŠã³ã¹ïŒã€ãŸãããã³ãã·ã§ã€ã¯ã§ã¯ãªãã¢ããŠã³ã¹ïŒãçºçããŸããåä¿¡åŽã¯ãåä¿¡åŽã®TCPã»ã°ã¡ã³ãã®ãµã€ãºãã¢ããŠã³ã¹ããŸãã ãããã£ãŠãTCP MSSã®ãµã€ãºã¯ãæ¹åã«å¿ããŠãåãTCPã»ãã·ã§ã³å ã§ç°ãªãå ŽåããããŸãã
å³ 4
ã¢ããŠã³ã¹ãè¡ãããŒãã£ã¯ã次ã®åŒã«åŸã£ãŠèªèº«ã®TCP MSSå€ãèšç®ããŸãã
TCM MSS = (IP MTU â [IPHDR + TCPHDR])
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ããã§2ã€ã®å¯èœãªã·ããªãªããããŸã-ã«ãŒã¿ãŒã¯ééãŸãã¯TCPã»ãã·ã§ã³ã®åå è ã§ãã
1ïŒãã©ã³ãžããããã€ã¹ïŒ
MTUãå°ãããªã³ã¯ã®å Žåã«äžéããã€ã¹ã«ãããã±ããã®ãããããé²ãããã«ãã«ãŒã¿ãŒã¯TCP SYNãã±ããããªãã¹ã³ãããšã³ãããã€ã¹ã«ãã£ãŠã¢ããŠã³ã¹ãããMSSå€ã眮ãæããŸãã å°ãããµã€ãºã®ãã±ããããšã³ãããã€ã¹ã«éä¿¡ãããšãå°ããªMTUã®ãªã³ã¯ã§ã®ããããã®åé¡ãäºæ³ãããŸãã
R01(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 5/1 R01(config-if)#ip tcp adjust-mss? <500-1460> Maximum segment size in bytes
2ïŒçµç«¯è£ 眮ïŒ
ããã§ã¯ãã¹ãŠãç°¡åã§ã-ã«ãŒã¿ãŒã¯TCPã»ãã·ã§ã³ã®åå è ã§ãããã«ãŒã¿ãŒãã¢ããŠã³ã¹ããMSSã®ãµã€ãºã匷å¶ã§ããŸãã
R01(config)#ip tcp mss? <0-10000> MSS
ãã¹ãŠã®ããã§ããïŒ ãããããã¹ãŠã§ã¯ãããŸããã MPLSãæãåºããŸãã ç§ãã¡ã¯æãåºããŸã...ç§ãã¡ã¯æãåºãçµããŸãããæã ã¯èæ ®ã«ç§»ããŸãã
ã¬ã€ã€ãŒ2.5ã MPLS
å³ 5
MPLS MTUã¯ãã©ãã«ä»ãïŒã©ãã«ä»ãã®æé©ãªå€ææ¹æ³ãç¥ã£ãŠãã人ïŒIPãã±ããã®æ倧ãµã€ãºã決å®ããŸãã ããŒã¯ããããã±ããã®ãµã€ãºãMPLS MTUãè¶ ããå Žåããã±ããã¯ãã©ã°ã¡ã³ãåããããããã©ã°ããããŒãDFãããã§IPã«èšå®ãããŠããå ŽåãïŒããžãã¯ãIP MTUãè¶ ãããšããšåãã§ããéïŒãããããããICMPãã©ã°ã¡ã³ããŒã·ã§ã³ãå¿ èŠãªã¡ãã»ãŒãžãéä¿¡ããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
泚ïŒããã§ãIP MTUãšæ¯ã¹ãŠç¶æ³ãå°ãç°ãªããŸãã MPLSãããã¯ãŒã¯ã§ã¯ãäžéããŒãã«ãã±ããã®éä¿¡è ãžã®ã«ãŒãããªãå ŽåããããããICMPã¡ãã»ãŒãžãéä¿¡è ã«çŽæ¥éä¿¡ãã代ããã«ãå ã®ãã±ãããšåãã©ãã«ã¹ã¿ãã¯ã§ã«ãã»ã«åãããç¬èªã®ãã¹ã«æ²¿ã£ãŠéä¿¡ãããŸãã éä¿¡å ãã¹ããžã®ipã«ãŒããç¥ã£ãŠããEgress LSRïŒãã®LSPã®æçµMPLSã«ãŒã¿ãŒ-æ¢ã«ã¿ã°ãªãIPãããã¯ãŒã¯ããããŸãïŒã«å°éããFragmentation Needed ICMPã¡ãã»ãŒãžãããããã€ããããå¿ èŠãªããããŒã§ã«ãã»ã«åãããå ã®ãã±ããã®éä¿¡è ã«MPLSãããã¯ãŒã¯ã«éãè¿ãããŸãã åäœã¯TTL Expiredã«äŒŒãŠãããéåžžã¯MTUã§ã¯ãªãMPLSã®ãããã¯ãæããŸãã ãããã£ãŠã誰ãããã»ã¹ã«ç²ŸéããŠããªã-www.google.kg/?gws_rd=ssl#q=mpls+ttl+expired
ããã§ä»ã«é¢çœããã®ã¯äœã§ããïŒ MPLS MTUã¯ãHW MTUããã倧ããå ŽåããããŸãïŒãããã£ãŠãå³3ã§ã¯ãHW MTUã¯éšåçã«ç¹ç·ã§ç€ºãããŠããŸãïŒã åæã«ãIOSã¯èŠåãçºè¡ããŸãããã»ãšãã©ã®å ŽåïŒã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ã®ãããã»ããã«å¿ããŠïŒåäœããå°ãªããšããããŒãžã£ã€ã¢ã³ããã¬ãŒã ãæ£åžžã«ã¹ãããããŸãã ãŸããå Žåã«ãã£ãŠã¯ãããããããã±ãŒãžãããŒã¿ç Žæãããã³äœç©ãªãã®100幎ãååŸã§ããŸãã
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R01(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 5/1 R01(config-if)#mpls mtu 1540 R01(config-if)#exit
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R01#show mpls interfaces gigabitEthernet 5/1 detail Interface gigabitEthernet 5/1: IP labeling enabled (ldp): Interface config LSP Tunnel labeling not enabled BGP labeling not enabled MPLS operational MTU = 1540
æ³šïŒ MPLS MTUã¯ãIP MTUãšåæ§ã«å®è¡äžã®æ§æã«è¡šç€ºãããŸã-å€ãHW MTUãšç°ãªãå Žåã®ã¿ã ãã ããIP MTUãšã¯ç°ãªããHW MTUã®å€æŽã¯MPLS MTUå€ãHW MTUå€ã«å€æŽããŸãïŒIP MTUã¯ãã®ã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãå€æŽããŸããïŒã
Ciscoã¹ã€ããã®MTUã
ã¹ã€ããã¯ãåã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ã§ã®MTUã®åå¥èšå®ããµããŒãããŠããŸããïŒã¹ã€ããããŒããšVLANã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããŸããã«ãŒãããããŒããåãããã«ãã¬ã€ã€ãŒã¹ã€ããã®å Žåãèšå®ã¯ã«ãŒã¿ãŒã«äŒŒãŠããŸãïŒãã¹ã€ããããŒãã®çŸåšã®MTUèšå®ã¯ãã¿ã€ãã«å¿ããŠ3ã€ã®æ¹æ³ã§å€æŽã§ããŸãããŒãïŒ
-
SW01(config)#system mtu 1600
-FastEthernetããŒãã®L2 MTUãå€æŽ -
SW01(config)#system mtu jumbo 1600
-SW01(config)#system mtu jumbo 1600
ããã³10åã®GigabitEthernetããŒãã§L2 MTUãå€æŽ -
SW01(config)#system mtu routing 1600
ãããã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ã®L3 MTUã®å€æŽ
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SW01#show system mtu System MTU size is 1600 bytes System Jumbo MTU size is 1600 bytes Routing MTU size is 1600 bytes
管çè ãžã®æ³šæã
ä»æ¥ãŸã§ã®MTUã確èªããäž»ãªæ¹æ³ã¯ãdfãããã»ãããšããã±ãŒãžãµã€ãºã䜿çšããPINGã³ãã³ãã§ãããããããã€ãã®äŸ¿å©ãªããªãã¯ã§ç· ãããããŸãã
1ïŒãããã¯ãŒã¯äžã®æå°MTUïŒé¢çœãçµã¿åããïŒãèŠã€ããã«ã¯ããšã³ãã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³/ãµãŒããŒãšã·ã¹ã³æ©åšã®äž¡æ¹ããæ¡åŒµpingã³ãã³ãã䜿çšã§ããŸãã R01ã«ãŒã¿ãŒãããdf-bitã»ããã䜿çšããŠã«ãŒã¿ãŒR02ã«pingãå®è¡ããŸããåæãã±ãããµã€ãºã¯1000ãã€ããæçµãã±ãããµã€ãºã¯1500ãã€ããå¢åã¯100ãã€ãã§ãã æ åœè 2ã
R01#ping Protocol [ip]: Target IP address: 192.168.12.2 Repeat count [5]: 2 Datagram size [100]: Timeout in seconds [2]: Extended commands [n]: y Source address or interface: 192.168.12.1 Type of service [0]: Set DF bit in IP header? [no]: y Validate reply data? [no]: Data pattern [0xABCD]: Loose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, Verbose[none]: Sweep range of sizes [n]: y Sweep min size [36]: 1000 Sweep max size [18024]: 1500 Sweep interval [1]: 100 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 12, [1000..1500]-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.12.2, timeout is 2 seconds: Packet sent with a source address of 192.168.12.1 Packet sent with the DF bit set !!!!..!!!!.. Success rate is 66 percent (8/12), round-trip min/avg/max = 4/24/56 ms
ã芧ã®ããã«ã1000ã1100ã1200ã1300ãã€ãã®ãµã€ãºã§ééããICMPãã±ããã¯6ã€ã ãã§ã
1400ãã€ã以äžããããã±ããã¯å€±æããŸãã ãããã£ãŠã2ã€ã®ãã€ã³ãéã®æå°MTUã¯1300ãš1400ã§ããããããããã«æ°ãµã€ã¯ã«ã§æ確ã«ããç¯å²ãçµã£ãŠã¹ããããç¥ãããšãã§ããŸãã
2ïŒãããã¯ãŒã¯ç®¡çè ãšã·ã¹ãã 管çè ã®çžäºäœçšã§çºçããäžè¬çãªåé¡ã¯ãåããµã€ãºã®ãã±ããããšã³ãããã€ã¹ããééãããã倧ããªãããã¯ãŒã¯ããã€ã¹ãæãè¿ãããã€ã¹ããééããããšã§ãã ãã®çç±ã¯ããªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã·ã¹ãã ïŒç¹ã«WindowsïŒã§ã¯ããã±ãããµã€ãºãpingã³ãã³ãã«èšå®ãããšããã®å€ãçŽç²ãªãã€ããŒããšããŠèªèãããããã§ãïŒICMPããã³IPããããŒãªãïŒã ping 192.168.1.2 -l 100ãæå®ãããšãã·ã¹ãã ã¯100ïŒ8ãã€ãã®ICMPããããŒãš20ãã€ãã®IPïŒã§ã¯ãªã128ãã€ãã®ãã±ãããçæããŸãã Ciscoãããã¯ãŒã¯æ©åšã§ICMPãã±ããã®ãµã€ãºãæå®ããå Žåãæå®ãããµã€ãºã«ã¯ãã§ã«äž¡æ¹ã®ããããŒãå«ãŸããŠããŸãã ãã®ãããããã©ã«ãã®ã€ãŒãµããããªã³ã¯ã§ã¯ãWindows OSã§ã®pingïŒããšãã°ïŒã«1472ãã€ããæçåãªãã§ééããæ倧ãã±ãããµã€ãºãããã³Cisco 1500ãã€ãã衚瀺ãããŸãã ã¡ãªã¿ã«ãJunOSã¯ãªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã·ã¹ãã ã®ããã«åäœããŸãïŒããããŒã¯å«ãŸããŸããïŒ
ããã ãã§ã ãã¬ãŒã ãµã€ãºãšãã®é²åã«é¢ãããã³ã«ã¯å€ããã©ããèšäºãããããã®èšäºã«ãããžã£ã³ããã¬ãŒã ããã€ããŒãžã£ã€ã¢ã³ããã¬ãŒã ã®æŠå¿µã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããŠããŸãã ããªãããããå¿ èŠãšèãããªããç§ã¯ãããä¿®æ£ããŠã¬ã€ã¢ãŠãããããšãã§ããŸãã