The physiological feature of every woman is the menstrual cycle, which ensures her reproductive function. There are three periods in it - the maturation of the dominant follicle, ovulation, the formation of the corpus luteum. The beginning of the cycle is the first day of menstruation. In the first phase, the influence of estrogens is observed, the maximum concentration of which leads to the release of the egg into the abdominal cavity, after which the progesterone content rises.
The concept of "ovulation"
With a normal menstrual cycle, ovulation occurs on days 13-15 from the first day of menstruation. The result of this process is the transportation of the egg ready for fertilization to the fallopian tube. The duration of the ovulatory phase is about one hour, the ability to conceive is preserved for one day. Allocate an ovulatory period, during which the exit of the female reproductive cell is possible. Physically, a woman does not feel the moment of ovulation, it is only possible to calculate it with a regular cycle. But scientific studies have identified the causes of the condition when a woman has a backache after ovulation.
Methods for diagnosing ovulation
There are several simple methods for detecting ovulation that are available to every woman.
- the basal temperature graph is the value of resting temperature, measured during the menstrual cycle with a mercury thermometer in the rectum in the morning of every day immediately after sleeping in bed. A sign of the release of the egg is an increase in temperature during the ovulatory period;
- a cycle of functional tests - a symptom of the “pupil” (opening of the cervical canal under the influence of female sex hormones in the first phase of the menstrual cycle; the examination is carried out when examining the internal genital organs in the mirrors), “fern” (crystallization of cervical mucus that can be traced under a microscope), stretching vaginal discharge with a maximum concentration of estrogen hormones;
- calendar method - ovulation occurs approximately in the middle of the cycle (with 28-day - at 14, with 30-day - at 15);
- ultrasound examination of the uterus, its appendages with folliculometry three times per cycle - phases of proliferation, ovulation, secretion. A sign of ovulation is the disappearance of a dominant follicle, the appearance of fluid in the douglas expanse;
- ovulation tests - first of all, it is necessary to calculate the estimated day of rupture of the dominant follicle, add and subtract 2-3 days (for example, with a 28-day cycle, ovulation is supposed to be on day 14, following this, the woman will do tests at 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 day). These tests are based on measuring the amount of luteinizing hormone in the urine, the concentration of which increases as much as a day before ovulation.
The concept of "ovulatory syndrome"
Sometimes in women, after ovulation, the lower back pulls, they feel discomfort in the ovaries, pouring, tenderness of the mammary glands, discharge from the genital tract. These signs indicate the presence of ovulatory syndrome. This condition is after an insignificant concentration of blood enters the abdominal cavity after the egg leaves the dominant follicle. A rupture of the ovarian membrane, the subsequent movement of the reproductive cell through the fallopian tube is accompanied by pain on the side of ovulation, which causes pulling pain along the lower abdomen and lower back. In addition, the level of gestagen hormones in the blood rises, conditions are created for the possible implantation of a fertilized egg into the uterine wall, which may be the reason that it stretches the back during pregnancy. Progesterone is produced by the so-called corpus luteum (the follicle from which the germ cell emerges).
Why pulls the lower back after ovulation? Pain after ovulation is not always a pathology, it can be explained by a woman’s high sensitivity. In addition to unpleasant sensations, there is also a change in discharge from the cervical canal for the following reasons:
- liquefaction due to the action of the hormone released during rupture of the follicle (until now, the mucus was thick, covering the internal uterine pharynx);
- preparation of the genital tract for sperm transportation;
- mucus exclusively in the middle of the ovulatory cycle is secreted in large quantities, thick, viscous;
- brownish inclusions - normal, bright, red - pathology.
Common pains are considered if:
- the duration of the pain period is not more than two days;
- moderate intensity is observed;
- inherent simultaneous discomfort in the mammary glands, mucous discharge from the vagina typical for this period;
- general weakness, change in tastes, smell perception, insomnia, decreased performance, irritability, suspiciousness.
A woman pulls her lower back after ovulation: causes, factors
Physiologically, a woman can feel pain at the time of ovulation, which lasts for a while, and there is a certain explanation for this. A woman pulls her lower back after ovulation for the following reasons:
- Pregnancy.
- Diseases - cystitis, adnexitis, ovarian cyst, colitis.
- Disorders of menstrual function - algomenorrhea.
- Genital infections - chlamydia, trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, mycoplasmosis.
- Violation of the integrity of the walls of the ovary, fallopian tube.
Pregnancy
The most common reason for pulling the lower back after ovulation is pregnancy, otherwise the embryo attaches to the uterine wall (rupture of blood capillaries). The intensity, as mentioned above, depends on the pain threshold of a woman - the lower the threshold, the pain lasts longer, then disappears and can again appear simultaneously with a delay in menstruation.
About pregnancy, in addition to pulling the lower back after ovulation, it indicates:
- sensitivity of the mammary glands, their increase;
- blood from the vagina in small concentrations;
- low-grade body temperature for a while.
Ovulatory syndrome after ovarian injury
After ovulation, it can pull the ovary region, lower back due to injury to the walls of the fallopian tube, ovary, ligaments. The pain is stitching, worse at any load.
Causes of damage to the uterine appendages:
- heavy workloads;
- active sexual intercourse;
- lifting heavy objects;
- a favorable factor is stress (causes an increase in hormones, after which the density of tissues changes).
The main cause of the pathology is determined by ultrasound examination of the uterus and its appendages.
Ovarian cyst and pain after ovulation
A benign neoplasm of a round ovary is called a cyst. It is a common disease of the female genital area. The cyst is filled with serous fluid.
During the ovulatory menstrual cycle, a follicular cyst appears in the area of the location of the torn follicle, it can also develop on the site of the corpus luteum in the second half of the cycle. Often does not manifest itself in anything, and when an inflammatory process occurs, it pulls the ovary and lower back after ovulation. Neoplasms must be removed, because they can be torn with the occurrence of irritation of the peritoneum (peritonitis), acute abdomen, which requires extensive surgery on the pelvic organs. If pain persists for 3 or more days, you should seek medical attention from a gynecologist.
Inflammatory processes of the genitourinary system
This is a fairly common reason for the appearance of something that pulls the back after ovulation in women of reproductive age. In this case, microbial factors are introduced into the walls of organs, multiply there, excrete metabolic products, which decay, which causes discomfort in the lower abdomen (cystitis), in the lumbar region on the pathology side (pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis).
Symptoms of diseases of the urinary system:
- fever;
- pain during urination;
- the appearance of a dark precipitate in the urine;
- blood in the urine.
With the development of inflammation of the appendages of the uterus or uterus, pain spreads to the coccyx, buttocks, lower back; the nature of the pain is acute, in fits.
Bowel problems and ovulatory syndrome
With the appearance of pain, modern girls and women do not go to the doctor, but take it off with drugs on their own, which makes a big mistake, because this can distort the main picture of the disease, which affects the diagnosis and treatment of the pathological condition. If you pull the lower back a week after ovulation, you may suspect the presence of an intestinal pathology - colitis.
The age of women is up to 36 years. The reason for the intensification of pain a week after ovulation is a dullness of the symptoms of colitis in the ovulatory period against the background of the influence of female hormones.
Malignant processes of the reproductive system
Women of reproductive age are vulnerable to genital cancer. According to statistics, if after ovulation pulls the lower abdomen and lower back for 15 or more days, cancer is diagnosed in one woman out of 10,000.
The main signs of the malignant process of the genital area:
- Abundant vaginal discharge.
- Blood and mucus from the cervical canal.
- Changes in body temperature for no apparent reason.
- A sharp decrease in body weight.
- General weakness, headaches.
- Depressive states, neurosis.
- Loss of performance.
It is necessary for every woman to remember that cancer in the initial stages does not manifest itself in any way, therefore it is necessary to undergo a medical examination at the gynecologist at least once a year, take all the necessary tests, smears, and check the mammary glands.
Appendicitis after the release of the egg
This acute surgical disease of the appendicular process requires immediate surgical intervention. The main symptom of this pathology is pain in the area of the projection of the organ - the right iliac part. It should be remembered that there are still right uterine appendages. Therefore, if after ovulation the abdomen and lower back are pulled, it is necessary to conduct differential diagnosis of appendicitis with ovulatory syndrome. In the inflammatory process of the appendix, a woman takes a characteristic position in bed - on the left side with bent, taut legs to the stomach ("embryo pose"). If an acute abdomen is suspected, analgesics are contraindicated.
To distinguish the signs of ovulatory syndrome from other diseases that may be the reason that pulls the lower back after ovulation, girls are advised to maintain their menstrual cycle calendar, measure basal temperature, and examine cervical mucus. At the first symptoms of the pathological process, consult a doctor immediately and do not self-medicate, since you can skip a serious illness, which will lead to the development of complications. It must be remembered that a week pulls the lower back after ovulation for diseases, and for ovulatory syndrome - two to three days.