ïŒcïŒxkcd
è€éãªæ°åŒãšmatlabã䜿çšããã«ã次ã®è³ªåã«çããããšããŸãã
- FTãDTFãDTFT-éãã¯äœã§ããïŒå®å šã«ç°ãªãäžèŠå ¬åŒã¯ã©ã®ããã«ãã®ãããªæŠå¿µçã«é¡äŒŒããçµæãäžããã®ã§ããïŒ
- é«éããŒãªãšå€æïŒFFTïŒã®çµæãæ£ãã解éããæ¹æ³
- 179ãµã³ãã«ã®ä¿¡å·ãäžããããFFTã«2ã®ã¹ãä¹ã«çããé·ãã®å ¥åã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ãå¿ èŠãªå Žåã®å¯ŸåŠæ¹æ³
- ãªããäºæ³ãããåäžã®ãã¹ãã£ãã¯ãã§ã¯ãªãæ£åŒŠæ³¢ã®ããŒãªãšã¹ãã¯ãã«ãååŸããããšãããšãå¥åŠãªæ³¢ç·ãã°ã©ãäžã§ã¯ããŒã«ããäœãã§ããã
- ADCã®åãšDACã®åŸã«ã¢ããã°ãã£ã«ã¿ãŒãé 眮ããçç±
- ãµã³ããªã³ã°åšæ³¢æ°ã®ååããé«ãåšæ³¢æ°ã§ADCä¿¡å·ãããžã¿ã«åããããšã¯å¯èœã§ããïŒåŠæ ¡ã®çãã¯ééã£ãŠããŸãããæ£ããçãã¯å¯èœã§ãïŒ
- ããžã¿ã«ã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ããå ã®ä¿¡å·ã埩å ããæ¹æ³
èªè ã¯ç©åãäœã§ãããã è€çŽ æ° ïŒ ããã³ãã®ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãšåŒæ° ïŒã é¢æ°ã®ç³ã¿èŸŒã¿ã«å ããŠãå°ãªããšããæã§ã ãã£ã©ãã¯ãã«ã¿é¢æ°ãäœã§ããããèªè ãç解ããŠãããšããåæããé²ã¿ãŸãã ããããªã-ããã¯éèŠã§ã¯ãããŸãããäžèšã®ãªã³ã¯ãèªãã§ãã ããã ãã®ããã¹ãã®ãé¢æ°ã®ç©ãã«ãã£ãŠãã©ãã§ããç¹ããšã®ä¹ç®ããæå³ããŸã
ãããããéåžžã®ããŒãªãšå€æã¯ãååã瀺ãããã«ãããé¢æ°ãå¥ã®é¢æ°ã«å€æãããã€ãŸãå®å€æ°xïŒtïŒã®åé¢æ°ããã®ã¹ãã¯ãã«ãŸãã¯yã®ããŒãªãšå€æã«é¢é£ä»ããäžçš®ã®ãã®ã§ãããšããäºå®ããå§ããªããã°ãªããŸããïŒwïŒïŒ
é¡æšãããšãåæ§ã®æå³ã®å€æã®äŸã埮åãšããŠæ©èœããŸããããšãã°ãé¢æ°ããã®åŸ®åã«å€ããããšãã§ããŸãã ã€ãŸããããŒãªãšå€æã¯ãæ¬è³ªçã«ã¯å°é¢æ°ãååŸããã®ãšåãæäœã§ãããå€ãã®å Žåãåæ§ã®æ¹æ³ã§ç€ºãããé¢æ°äžã«äžè§åœ¢ã®ããã£ããããæããŸãã å®æ°ã«å¯ŸããŠæ±ºå®ã§ãã埮åãšã¯å¯Ÿç §çã«ãããŒãªãšå€æã¯åžžã«ããäžè¬çãªè€çŽ æ°ã§ãæ©èœãããŸãã ãã®ãããè€çŽ æ°ã¯1ã§ã¯ãªããå®æ°ã§åäœããã°ã©ãäžã®2ã€ã®åº§æšã«ãã£ãŠæ±ºå®ãããããããã®å€æã®çµæã®è¡šç€ºã«ã¯åžžã«åé¡ãçºçããŸãã ååãšããŠãæã䟿å©ãªæ¹æ³ã¯ãã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãšåŒæ°ã®åœ¢åŒã§è€çŽ æ°ãè¡šããããããå¥ã ã«2ã€ã®ã°ã©ããšããŠæç»ããããšã§ãã
ãã®å Žåãè€çŽ æ°å€ã®åŒæ°ã®ããããã¯ãäœçžã¹ãã¯ãã«ããšåŒã°ããã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã®ã°ã©ãã¯ãæ¯å¹ ã¹ãã¯ãã«ããšåŒã°ããŸãã éåžžãæ¯å¹ ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã¯éåžžã«éèŠã§ãããããã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®ãäœçžãéšåãèŠèœãšãããããšããããããŸãã ãã®èšäºã§ã¯ããæ¯å¹ ãã«ãçŠç¹ãåœãŠãŸãããã°ã©ãã®æ¬ èœããäœçžéšåã®ååšãå¿ããŠã¯ãªããŸããã ãŸããéåžžã®è€çŽ æ°å€ã®ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã®ä»£ããã«ã10é²æ°ã®10åã®10ãæç»ãããããšãå€ãããã®çµæããã·ãã«ïŒdBïŒã§è¡šç€ºãããå€ã®å¯Ÿæ°ã°ã©ããåŸãããŸãã
察æ°ã°ã©ãã®è² ã®æ°ã倧ãããªãïŒ-20 dB以äžïŒããšã¯ããéåžžã®ãã°ã©ãã§ã¯ã»ãšãã©ãŒãã§ããããšãæå³ããŸãã ãããã£ãŠããã®ãããªã°ã©ãã®ããŸããŸãªã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®é·ããŠåºããå°Ÿãã¯ããéåžžã®ã座æšã§è¡šç€ºããããšãååãšããŠäºå®äžæ¶ããŸãã ãã®ãããªå¥åŠãªäžèŠè¡šçŸã®å©äŸ¿æ§ã¯ãããŸããŸãªé¢æ°ã®ããŒãªãšç»åãçžäºã«ä¹ç®ããå¿ èŠãããããšãå€ããšããäºå®ããçããŸãã è€çŽ æ°å€ã®ããŒãªãšç»åãåæ§ã«ç¹ããšã«ä¹ç®ãããšããããã®äœçžã¹ãã¯ãã«ãå ç®ãããæ¯å¹ ã¹ãã¯ãã«ãå ç®ãããŸãã åè ã¯ç°¡åã§ãåŸè ã¯æ¯èŒçé£ããã§ãã ãã ããæ¯å¹ ãä¹ç®ãããšæ¯å¹ ã®å¯Ÿæ°ãå ç®ããããããäœçžã°ã©ãã®ãããªå¯Ÿæ°æ¯å¹ ã°ã©ãã¯åçŽã«ç¹ããšã«å ç®ã§ããŸãã ããã«ãå®éã®åé¡ã§ã¯ãä¿¡å·ã®ãæ¯å¹ ãã§ã¯ãªããããã¯ãŒãïŒæ¯å¹ ã®2ä¹ïŒã§åäœããæ¹ã䟿å©ãªå ŽåããããããŸãã 察æ°ç®çã§ã¯ãäž¡æ¹ã®ã°ã©ãïŒæ¯å¹ ãšãã¯ãŒã®äž¡æ¹ïŒã¯åäžã«èŠããä¿æ°ã®ã¿ãç°ãªããŸãããã¯ãŒã°ã©ãã®ãã¹ãŠã®å€ã¯ãæ¯å¹ ã¹ã±ãŒã«ã®2åã§ãã ãããã£ãŠãåšæ³¢æ°ïŒãã·ãã«åäœïŒã§é»åååžãããããããã«ã¯ãäœãäºä¹ããããšã¯ã§ããŸãããã10é²æ°ã®å¯Ÿæ°ãèšç®ãã20ãæããŸãã
ããªãã¯éå±ããŠããŸããïŒ å°ãåŸ ã£ãŠãã ããããã£ãŒãã®è§£éæ¹æ³ã説æããèšäºã®éå±ãªéšåã§ããŸããªãçµäºããŸã:)ã ããããããã®åã«ãéåžžã«éèŠãªããšãç解ããå¿ èŠããããŸãïŒäžèšã®ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®ã°ã©ãã¯ãéãããå€ã®ç¯å²ïŒç¹ã«ãæ£ã®æ°ïŒã§æãããŠããŸããããããã®ã°ã©ãã¯ãã¹ãŠå®éã«ã¯ãã©ã¹ãšãã€ãã¹ã®ç¡éã«ç¶ããŸãã ã°ã©ãã¯åã«ã°ã©ãã®ãæãæå³ã®ãããéšåãè¡šããŸããããã¯éåžžãè² ã®ãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãŒå€ã«ãã©ãŒãªã³ã°ããããã倧ããªã¹ã±ãŒã«ã§æ€èšãããšãããã€ãã®ã¹ãããã§å®æçã«ç¹°ãè¿ãããããšããããããŸãã
ã°ã©ãã«äœãæç»ãããã決å®ããããããŒãªãšå€æèªäœãšãã®ããããã£ã«æ»ããŸãããã ãã®å€æã決å®ããã«ã¯ããã€ãã®ç°ãªãæ¹æ³ããããŸããã詳现ã¯ç°ãªããŸãïŒç°ãªãæ£èŠåïŒã ããšãã°ãç§ãã¡ã®å€§åŠã§ã¯ãäœããã®çç±ã§ãããŒãªãšå€æã®æ£èŠåã䜿çšããããšãå€ããè§åšæ³¢æ°ïŒã©ãžã¢ã³/ç§ïŒã®èŠ³ç¹ããã¹ãã¯ãã«ã決å®ããŸãã éåžžã®åšæ³¢æ°ïŒãã«ãïŒã®èŠ³ç¹ããã¹ãã¯ãã«ãå®çŸ©ããããã䟿å©ãªè¥¿æŽåŒã䜿çšããŸãã ãã®å Žåã®çŽæ¥ããã³éããŒãªãšå€æã¯å·ŠåŽã®åŒã«ãã£ãŠæ±ºå®ãããå¿ èŠãªãã®å€æã®ããã€ãã®ããããã£ã¯å³åŽã®7ã€ã®é ç®ã®ãªã¹ãã«ãã£ãŠæ±ºå®ãããŸãã
ãããã®ããããã£ã®æåã¯ç·åœ¢æ§ã§ãã é¢æ°ã®ç·åœ¢çµåããšããšããã®çµåã®ããŒãªãšå€æã¯ããããã®é¢æ°ã®ããŒãªãšç»åã®ç·åœ¢çµåã«ãªããŸãã ãã®ç¹æ§ã«ãããè€éãªé¢æ°ãšãã®ããŒãªãšå€æãããåçŽãªé¢æ°ã«æžããããšãã§ããŸãã ããšãã°ãåšæ³¢æ°fããã³æ¯å¹ aã®æ£åŒŠé¢æ°ã®ããŒãªãšå€æã¯ããã€ã³ãfããã³-fã«äœçœ®ããä¿æ°a / 2ã®2ã€ã®ãã«ã¿é¢æ°ã®çµã¿åããã§ãã
ç°ãªãåšæ³¢æ°ã®æ£åŒŠæ³¢ã®éåã®åèšã§æ§æãããé¢æ°ã䜿çšããå Žåãç·åœ¢æ§ã«åŸã£ãŠããã®é¢æ°ã®ããŒãªãšç»åã¯å¯Ÿå¿ãããã«ã¿é¢æ°ã®éåã§æ§æãããŸãã ããã«ããããæ¯å¹ aãé¢æ°ã®ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®åšæ³¢æ°fã«å¯Ÿå¿ããå Žåãå ã®é¢æ°ã¯æ£åŒŠæ³¢ã®åèšãšããŠè¡šãããšãã§ãããã®ãã¡ã®1ã€ã¯åšæ³¢æ°fãšæ¯å¹ 2aã®æ£åŒŠæ³¢ã§ããããšããååã«åŸã£ãŠãã¹ãã¯ãã«ãåçŽã«èŠèŠçã«è§£éã§ããŸãã å³å¯ã«èšãã°ããã«ã¿é¢æ°ãšã°ã©ãäžã®ç¹ã¯å®å šã«ç°ãªããã®ã§ããããããã®è§£éã¯æ£ãããããŸããããåŸã§èŠãããã«ãé¢æ£ããŒãªãšå€æã§ã¯çå®ããããã»ã©é ããããŸããã
ããŒãªãšå€æã®2çªç®ã®ç¹æ§ã¯ãä¿¡å·ã®æéã·ããããã®æ¯å¹ ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®ç¬ç«æ§ã§ãã é¢æ°ãx軞ã«æ²¿ã£ãŠå·Šå³ã«ç§»åãããšããã®äœçžã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®ã¿ãå€åããŸãã
3çªç®ã®ããããã£ã¯ãæé軞ïŒxïŒã«æ²¿ã£ãå ã®é¢æ°ã®æ¡åŒµïŒå§çž®ïŒã§ãããåšæ³¢æ°ã¹ã±ãŒã«ïŒwïŒã§ãã®ããŒãªãšã€ã¡ãŒãžãæ¯äŸçã«å§çž®ïŒã¹ãã¬ããïŒããŸãã ç¹ã«ãæéã®æç¶æéã®ä¿¡å·ã®ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã¯åžžã«ç¡éã«åºããéã®å Žåãæéã®å¹ ã®ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã¯åžžã«ç¡å¶éã®æç¶æéã®ä¿¡å·ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŸãã
4çªç®ãš5çªç®ã®ããããã£ã¯ãããããæãæçšã§ãã é¢æ°ã®ç³ã¿èŸŒã¿ãããŒãªãšç»åã®ç¹ããšã®ä¹ç®ã«ããŸãã¯ãã®éã«-é¢æ°ã®ããŒãªãšç»åã®ç³ã¿èŸŒã¿ãžã®ç¹ããšã®ä¹ç®ãæžããããšãã§ããŸãã ããå°ã詳ãã説æããŸãã
6çªç®ã®ç¹æ§ã¯ãããŒãªãšç»åã®å¯Ÿç§°æ§ã«ã€ããŠè¿°ã¹ãŠããŸãã ç¹ã«ããã®ç¹æ§ãããå®æ°å€é¢æ°ïŒã€ãŸãããå®ãä¿¡å·ïŒã®ããŒãªãšå€æã§ã¯ãæ¯å¹ ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã¯åžžã«å¶æ°é¢æ°ã§ãããäœçžã¹ãã¯ãã«ïŒç¯å²-pi ... piã«ç§»åããå ŽåïŒã¯å¥æ°ã§ãã ã ãã®ãããã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®è² ã®éšåã¯ã»ãšãã©ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã°ã©ãã«ãããããããŸãããå®æ°å€ã®ä¿¡å·ã®å Žåãæ°ããæ å ±ã¯æäŸãããŸããïŒãã ãããŒãã§ã¯ãããŸããïŒã
æåŸã«ãæåŸã®7çªç®ã®ç¹æ§ã¯ãããŒãªãšå€æãä¿¡å·ã®ããšãã«ã®ãŒããä¿åããããšã瀺åããŠããŸãã ããã¯ããšãã«ã®ãŒãæéã§ããæéæç¶æéã®ä¿¡å·ã«å¯ŸããŠã®ã¿æå³ããããç¡é倧ã§ã®ãã®ãããªä¿¡å·ã®ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã¯ããã«ãŒãã«è¿ã¥ãããšã瀺åããŠããŸãã ãã®ç¹æ§ã«ãããååãšããŠããšãã«ã®ãŒã®å€§éšåãéã¶ä¿¡å·ã®ãäž»èŠãªãéšåã®ã¿ãéåžžã¹ãã¯ãã«ã°ã©ãã«æãããŸã-ã°ã©ãã®æ®ãã®éšåã¯åçŽã«ãŒãã«ãªããŸãïŒãã ããåã³ãŒãã§ã¯ãããŸããïŒã
ãããã®7ã€ã®ããããã£ã䜿çšããŠãä¿¡å·ã®ãããžã¿ã«åãã®æ°åŠãèŠãŠã¿ãŸããããããã«ãããé£ç¶ä¿¡å·ãäžé£ã®æ°å€ã«å€æã§ããŸãã ãããè¡ãã«ã¯ããDirac combããšåŒã°ããæ©èœã䜿çšããå¿ èŠããããŸãã
ãã£ã©ãã¯ã³ãŒã ã¯ããŒãããå§ãŸãã¹ãããTã§å§ãŸãåäœä¿æ°ãæã€ãã«ã¿é¢æ°ã®åšæçãªã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ã§ããä¿¡å·ãããžã¿ã«åããã«ã¯ãTãã§ããã ãå°ãããT << 1ãéžæããŸãã ãã®é¢æ°ã®ããŒãªãšç»åããã£ã©ãã¯ã³ãŒã ã§ãããéåžžã«å€§ããª1 / Tã¹ããããšãããã«äœãä¿æ°ïŒ1 / TïŒãããããŸããã æ°åŠçãªèŠ³ç¹ããèŠããšãä¿¡å·ã®æéã«ããé¢æ£åã¯ãåã«å ã®ä¿¡å·ã«ãã£ã©ãã¯ã®æ«ãç¹ããšã«ä¹ç®ããããšã§ãã å€1 / Tã¯ããµã³ããªã³ã°åšæ³¢æ°ãšåŒã°ããŸãã
é£ç¶é¢æ°ã®ä»£ããã«ããã®ãããªä¹ç®ã®åŸãç¹å®ã®é«ãã®äžé£ã®ãã«ã¿ãã«ã¹ãååŸãããŸãã ããã«ãããŒãªãšå€æã®ç¹æ§5ã«ãããšãçµæãšããŠåŸãããé¢æ£ä¿¡å·ã®ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã¯ãå ã®ã¹ãã¯ãã«ãšå¯Ÿå¿ãããã£ã©ãã¯ã³ãŒã ã®ç³ã¿èŸŒã¿ã§ãã ç³ã¿èŸŒã¿ã®ç¹æ§ã«åºã¥ããŠãå ã®ä¿¡å·ã®ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã¯ãåšæ³¢æ°è»žã«æ²¿ã£ãŠ1 / Tã®å¢åã§ç¡éã«ãã³ããŒããããåèšãããããšã¯å®¹æã«ç解ã§ããŸãã
å ã®ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®å¹ ãæéã§ãããååã«å€§ãããµã³ããªã³ã°åšæ³¢æ°ã䜿çšããå Žåãå ã®ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®ã³ããŒã¯éè€ããªããããäžç·ã«å ç®ãããªãããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ããã ãã®ãããªã厩å£ãããã¹ãã¯ãã«ããå ã®ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã埩å ããã®ã¯ç°¡åã§ããããšãç解ããã®ã¯ç°¡åã§ã-ãŒãã®é åã®ã¹ãã¯ãã«æåãåããç¡éã«è¡ãäœåãªã³ããŒããåæãããã ãã§ååã§ãã ãããè¡ãæãç°¡åãªæ¹æ³ã¯ã-1 / 2T ... 1 / 2Tã®ç¯å²ã§Tã«çããããã®ç¯å²å€ã®ãŒãã«çããç©åœ¢é¢æ°ãã¹ãã¯ãã«ã«ä¹ç®ããããšã§ãã åæ§ã®ããŒãªãšå€æã¯é¢æ°sinc ïŒTxïŒã«å¯Ÿå¿ããããããã£4ã«ãããšããã®ãããªä¹ç®ã¯ãã«ã¿é¢æ°ã®å ã®ã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ãšé¢æ°sincïŒTxïŒã®ç³ã¿èŸŒã¿ã«çžåœããŸãã
ã€ãŸããããŒãªãšå€æã䜿çšãããšãå ã®ä¿¡å·ã«ååšããæ倧åšæ³¢æ°ãè¶ ããå°ãªããšã2åã®ãµã³ããªã³ã°åšæ³¢æ°ïŒã¹ãã¯ãã«ã«è² ã®åšæ³¢æ°ãååšããããïŒã䜿çšãããšããæ¡ä»¶äžã§ãæéé¢æ£åãããä¿¡å·ããå ã®ä¿¡å·ãç°¡åã«åŸ©å ããæ¹æ³ãåŸãããŸããã ãã®çµæã¯åºãç¥ãããŠããã ãã³ãã«ãã³ã/ã·ã£ãã³-ãã€ãã¹ãã®å®çããšåŒã°ããŠããŸãã ããããä»ã§ã¯ïŒèšŒæ ãç解ããŠïŒç°¡åã«æ°ä»ãã®ã§ããã®çµæã¯ã誀解ãåºãŸã£ãŠããã®ãšã¯å察ã«ãå ã®ä¿¡å·ã埩å ããã®ã«ååã§ã¯ãããå¿ èŠã§ã¯ãªãæ¡ä»¶ã決å®ããŸãã å¿ èŠãªã®ã¯ãä¿¡å·ããµã³ããªã³ã°ããåŸãé¢å¿ã®ããã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®äžéšãéãªããªãããšã確èªããããšã§ããä¿¡å·ãååã«ç垯åã§ããå ŽåïŒã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®éãŒãéšåã®å°ããªãå¹ ããããå ŽåïŒä¿¡å·ã®æ倧åšæ³¢æ°ã®2å以äžã åæ§ã®ææ³ã¯ãã¢ã³ããŒãµã³ããªã³ã°ã ïŒãµããµã³ããªã³ã°ã 垯åãµã³ããªã³ã° ïŒãšåŒã°ããããããçš®é¡ã®ç¡ç·ä¿¡å·ã®åŠçã«åºã䜿çšãããŠããŸãã ããšãã°ã88ã108 MHzã®åšæ³¢æ°åž¯åã§åäœããFMã©ãžãªã䜿çšããå Žåãã³ãã«ãã³ãã®å®çã§æ³å®ããã216 MHzã§ã¯ãªãã43.5 MHzã®åšæ³¢æ°ã®ADCã䜿çšããŠããžã¿ã«åã§ããŸãã ãã ãããã®å Žåãé«å質ã®ADCãšåªãããã£ã«ã¿ãŒãå¿ èŠã§ãã
é«æ¬¡ã®åšæ³¢æ°ãšäœæ¬¡ã®åšæ³¢æ°ïŒãšã€ãªã¢ã¹ïŒã®ãéè€ãã¯ãä¿¡å·ãµã³ããªã³ã°ã®çŽæ¥çãªæ§è³ªã§ãããçµæãäžå¯éçã«ãæãªããããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ããã ãããã£ãŠãååãšããŠä¿¡å·ã«é«åšæ³¢åšæ³¢æ°ãå«ãŸããå ŽåïŒã€ãŸããã»ãšãã©ã®å ŽåïŒãã¢ããã°ãã£ã«ã¿ãŒãADCã®åã«é 眮ãããå ã®ä¿¡å·ã§ã¯äžèŠãªãã®ã¯ãã¹ãŠçŽæ¥ãã«ãããªãããããŸãïŒãµã³ããªã³ã°åŸã«ãããè¡ãã«ã¯é ãããããïŒã ã¢ããã°ããã€ã¹ãšããŠã®ãããã®ãã£ã«ã¿ãŒã®ç¹æ§ã¯äžå®å šã§ãããããä¿¡å·ã®ãã¹ãã€ãªã³ã°ããäŸç¶ãšããŠçºçããå®éã«ã¯ãã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®æé«åšæ³¢æ°ã¯ååãšããŠä¿¡é Œã§ããŸããã ãã®åé¡ã軜æžããããã«ãå ¥åã¢ããã°ãã£ã«ã¿ãŒãããäœãéé垯åã«é 眮ããADCã®çè«çã«å©çšå¯èœãªåšæ³¢æ°ç¯å²ã®äœãéšåã®ã¿ã䜿çšããªãããä¿¡å·ãé倧è©äŸ¡ã®ãµã³ããªã³ã°ã¬ãŒãã§ãµã³ããªã³ã°ããããšããããããŸãã
ã¡ãªã¿ã«ããã1ã€ã®ãããã誀解ã¯ãDACã®åºåã®ä¿¡å·ããã¹ããããã§æç»ãããããšã§ãã ãã¹ããããã¯ãå¹ Tããã³é«ã1ã®ç©åœ¢é¢æ°ã䜿çšããããµã³ããªã³ã°ãããä¿¡å·ã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ã®ç³ã¿èŸŒã¿ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŸãã
ãã®å€æäžã®ä¿¡å·ã®ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã¯ããã®é·æ¹åœ¢é¢æ°ã®ããŒãªãšå€æã§ä¹ç®ãããŸããåæ§ã®é·æ¹åœ¢é¢æ°ã§ã¯ãsincïŒwïŒã§ããã匷ãã»ã©ãã¹ãã¬ãããããã察å¿ããé·æ¹åœ¢ã®å¹ ãå°ãããªããŸãã åæ§ã®ãDACãã§ãµã³ããªã³ã°ãããä¿¡å·ã®ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã«ã¯ããã®ã¹ãã¯ãã«ãç¹ããšã«ä¹ç®ãããŸãã ããã«ãã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®ãäœåãªã³ããŒãã䌎ãäžå¿ èŠãªé«åšæ³¢ã¯å®å šã«ã¯ã«ããããããéã«ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®ãæçšãªãéšåã®äžéšã¯åŒ±ããããŸãã
ãã¡ãããå®éã«ã¯èª°ãããŸããã DACã®æ§ç¯ã«ã¯ããŸããŸãªã¢ãããŒãããããŸãããæå³ãæãè¿ãèšéã¿ã€ãã®DACã§ãããéã«DACã®ç©åœ¢ãã«ã¹ã¯ãã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®æçšãªéšåãäžå¿ èŠã«æå¶ããããšãé¿ããããã«ãå¯èœãªéãçãéžæãããŸãïŒå®éã®ãã«ã¿é¢æ°ã®ã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ã«è¿ã¥ãïŒã çµæãšããŠçããåºåž¯åä¿¡å·ã®ãéå°ãªãåšæ³¢æ°ã¯ãã¢ããã°ããŒãã¹ãã£ã«ã¿ãŒã«ä¿¡å·ãéãããšã«ãã£ãŠã»ãŒåžžã«æå¶ããããããã³ã³ããŒã¿ãŒã®ãå éšãã«ãããã®åºåã«ããããžã¿ã«ã¹ããããã¯ãããŸããã
ãã ããããŒãªãšå€æã«æ»ããŸãã äºåã«ãµã³ããªã³ã°ãããä¿¡å·ã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ã«é©çšãããäžèšã®ããŒãªãšå€æã¯ãé¢æ£æéããŒãªãšå€æïŒDTFTïŒãšåŒã°ããŸãã ãã®ãããªå€æã«ãã£ãŠåŸãããã¹ãã¯ãã«ã¯åžžã«1 / Tåšæçã§ã;ãããã£ãŠãDTFTã¹ãã¯ãã«ã¯åºé[0 ... 1 / TïŒã®å€ã«ãã£ãŠå®å šã«æ±ºå®ããããããDTFTã¹ãã¯ãã«ã¯ãã®åºéã«å¶éãããããšããããããŸãã ããã«ãDTFTã®çµæã¯ããµã³ããªã³ã°ãããä¿¡å·ã®ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã§ãããšããäºå®ã«ãããããããäŸç¶ãšããŠãã¢ããã°ãæ©èœã§ãã ããã«ããéåžžã®ãå®æ°å€ä¿¡å·ã®å Žåããã®ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®åŸåã¯ãç¹æ§6ã«ããããã€ãã¹ãåšæ³¢æ°1/2 Tã«å¯ŸããŠåå°ãããå·Šååãåæ ããŸãã
ãããŸã§ããã€ãã¹ãããã©ã¹ã®ç¡é倧ãŸã§å®çŸ©ãããä¿¡å·ãå€æã®å ¥åã«å°éãããšä»®å®ããŸããã ãã ããå©çšå¯èœãªå®éã®ä¿¡å·ã®é·ãã¯åžžã«æéã§ããã©ãããã°ããã§ããïŒ FTããã³DTFTã§ãã®åé¡ã解決ããããã«ãæçµä¿¡å·ã«ã¯å·Šå³ã«ç¡éã«ãŒããåã蟌ãŸããŸãã å ã®ä¿¡å·ãå ã æéã§ããïŒãããå¥ã®ã€ã³ãã«ã¹ã§ããå ŽåïŒããããå®å šã«ããŒãªãšå€æã«è©²åœããå Žåããã®ã¢ãããŒãã¯æãŸããçµæãçŽæ¥äžããŸãã ãã ããå€ãã®å ŽåãããŒãªãšå€æã«äœ¿çšããããæçµãä¿¡å·ã¯ãå®éã«ã¯ãããšãã°æ£åŒŠæ³¢ãªã©ãããé·ããå Žåã«ãã£ãŠã¯ç¡éã®ä¿¡å·ã®äžéšã§ãã ãã®å ŽåããŒããå«ãæçµã»ã°ã¡ã³ãã®è¿œå ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«è§£éãããŸããå ã®ä¿¡å·ã®é·ãã¯ç¡éã«é·ããšèããããŸããããã®åŸãéã¿é¢æ°ãæããããŸãã枬å®ã«äœ¿çšã§ããã»ã°ã¡ã³ãã®å€åŽã«æ¶ããããŠã£ã³ããŠãã§ãã æãåçŽãªå ŽåãããŠã£ã³ããŠãã®åœ¹å²ã¯ãå·Šå³ã®æçµä¿¡å·ã«ç¡éã®ãŒããè¿œå ããã ãã§ãããšããäºå®ã«å¯Ÿå¿ãããåãªãé·æ¹åœ¢ã®æ©èœã«ãã£ãŠæããããŸãã ããè€éãªãã®ã§ã¯ãæåã®ã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ã«ããŠã£ã³ããŠãé¢æ°ã«ãã£ãŠæ±ºå®ãããéã¿ãä¹ç®ãããåã³ãŒããè¿œå ãããŸãã
æ¢ã«ããªãã¿ã®ããããã£5ã䜿çšãããšããã®ãããªä¹ç®ã§ã¯ãåæä¿¡å·ãçªé¢æ°ã®ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã§åçŽã«åŽ©å£ããããšãç°¡åã«ããããŸãã ããšãã°ãæ£åŒŠæ³¢ïŒãã«ã¿é¢æ°ïŒã®ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã枬å®ããããšããŠã枬å®ééãé·æ¹åœ¢ã®ãŠã£ã³ããŠã«å¶éãããšããã«ã¿é¢æ°ã®ä»£ããã«çµæã®ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã«ãŠã£ã³ããŠã®ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã衚瀺ãããŸã-ã€ãŸã TsincïŒTïŒxfïŒïŒïŒ
ãã®å ŽåãTã¯ä¿¡å·ãå¶éããééã®é·ãã§ãããããå ¥åä¿¡å·ãé·ããªãã»ã©ã芳枬ãããã¹ãã¯ãã«ãçã®ãã«ã¿é¢æ°ã«è¿ããªããŸãã ã¡ã€ã³ããŒãã®æçµçãªãå¹ ãã¯ãåšæ³¢æ°ãäºãã«è¿ããœãŒã¹ä¿¡å·ã®æ£åŒŠæ³¢ã®ååšã確å®ã«åºå¥ããããšãäžå¯èœã«ããããµã€ãããŒããã®ååšã¯ãé¢ããåšæ³¢æ°ã«å°ããªæªã¿ãå°å ¥ããç¹ã«ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã枬å®ããå¿ èŠãããå Žåãåã ã®åšæ³¢æ°ã®æ¯å¹ ãæ£ç¢ºã«æž¬å®ããããšãå°é£ã«ããŸãã¹ãã¯ãã«å ã®1æ¡ã®ãã匷åãªæåã®ååšäžã§ã®å°æ¯å¹ ã®é åã ãã®å¹æã¯ãã¹ãã¯ãã«æŒãããšåŒã°ããç¡éã®ä¿¡å·ã«å¯ŸããŠå®å šã«ç¡å¹ã«ããããšã¯ã§ããŸããããä¿¡å·ã枬å®ãããééãé·ããªãã»ã©ããã®æŒãã®åœ±é¿ã¯å°ãããªããŸãã ãŠã£ã³ããŠé¢æ°ãéžæããããšã§ãã¡ã€ã³åšæ³¢æ°ä»è¿ã«ã¹ãã¯ãã«ãéäžãããããšã§ïŒãã®ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã匷ãããŒãããããé£æ¥ããåšæ³¢æ°ã«å¹²æžããªãïŒããŸãã¯ã©ãã«ã§ãæ¡æ£ãããïŒããŒã¯ã®ãŒãã¯æžå°ãããããã€ãºãã¯å¢å ãããã®çµæããã®ãªãŒã¯ã®ãå¹ ããå¶åŸ¡ã§ããŸã-åã ã®åšæ³¢æ°ã®æ¯å¹ ã®æž¬å®èª€å·®ïŒãã¹ãã¯ãã«æŒãã§éžæããããµã³ããªã³ã°åšæ³¢æ°ã¯ã»ãšãã©åœ¹å²ãæãããªãããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ãã-çãä¿¡å·ã¹ãã³ã¯å°ãªããšã10 GHzã§ãµã³ããªã³ã°ã§ããŸãããããã¯æž¬å®å¯èœãªåšæ³¢æ°ã®æ°ãå¢ããã ãã§ãããåã ã®åšæ³¢æ°ã決å®ãã粟床ã¯äŸç¶ãšããŠäœããŸãŸã§ãã
èå³æ·±ãç¹å¥ãªã±ãŒã¹ã¯ãé¢æ£åšæ³¢æ°nFã®ã»ãããæã€ä¿¡å·ãåšæ³¢æ°mFã§ãµã³ããªã³ã°ãããç¶æ³ã§ããããã§ãmãnã¯æŽæ°ã§ãããã®å ŽåãããŠã£ã³ããŠãã®ãŒããšã¹ãã¯ãã«å ã®ãã«ã¿é¢æ°ã®äœçœ®ã¯æ£ç¢ºã«äžèŽããåšæ³¢æ°ã¯ãŸã ãäžé®®æãã§ããããã€ã³ãmFã§ã®æ¯å¹ ã¯çã®æ¯å¹ ãšäžèŽããŸããããã€ãºãã¯ãŒãã§ãããã®æ§è³ªã«ãããé¢æ£ããŒãªãšå€æã®ã³ãã«ãã³ãå®çã®é¡äŒŒç©ã蚌æããããšãã§ããŸãããå®éã«ã¯ããã®ãããªä¿¡å·ã¯æ®å¿µãªããå®éã«ã¯çºçããŸããã
ããã§ããå ¥åããèšç®ããŸãããç¡éé·ã®é£ç¶é¢æ°ãããæéæ°ã®é¢æ£ãµã³ãã«ãååŸããŠåŠçããããšãã§ãããã®ä»£ããã«ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®å¹ ãšåšæ³¢æ°æŒãã®å¶éããããŸããããã ãããçµäºãDTFTã¯äŸç¶ãšããŠç¶ç¶çãªæ©èœã§ãããã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒã§ã®äœæ¥ã¯å°é£ã§ããå®éã«ã¯ããã®åé¡ã¯éåžžã«ç°¡åã«è§£æ±ºãããŸã-å®å šãªã»ã°ã¡ã³ã[0,1 / TïŒã¯kåã®çããéšåã«åå²ãããDTFTã¯ç¹fi = i / kTïŒi = 0,1ã... k-1ïŒã§èæ ®ãããŸãçµæã®æ§é ã¯ããé¢æ£ããŒãªãšå€æãïŒDFTïŒãšåŒã°ããŸãã
TãšããŠã£ã³ããŠãã®éžæã«é¢é£ãã質åããTãåé€ããããšã«ãããæåŸã®å€æãæ£èŠåãããšäŸ¿å©ã§ãããã®æ£èŠåãããè¡šèšã¯ãNè€çŽ æ°ã®ã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹å€æãšããŠã®DFTã®å®çŸ©ãšããŠãã䜿çšãããŸãã
ãã®åœ¢åŒã§èšè¿°ãããããŒãªãšå€æã®çŸããã¯ãDTFTã®ãã¹ãŠã®å©ç¹ãä¿æããªããããã¹ã ãŒãºã kã®åæ§ã®DTF ïŒããšãã°ã2ã®ã¹ãä¹ïŒãk logïŒkïŒã®ãªãŒããŒã§éåžžã«è¿ éã«èšç®ã§ããããšã§ãã察å¿ããã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã¯ãé«éããŒãªãšå€æãïŒFFTïŒãšåŒã°ããäžè¬çã«ã¯ããã€ããããŸãããã ããå®çšçãªèŠ³ç¹ããã¯ããããã¯ãã¹ãŠããã©ãã¯ããã¯ã¹ããšèŠãªãããšãã§ããå ¥åã§äžé£ã®è€çŽ æ°ãåãåããåºåã§äžé£ã®è€çŽ æ°ãçºè¡ããŸãããããã£ãŠãæéé·ã®ãµã³ããªã³ã°ãããä¿¡å·ã䜿çšãããšããã®ä¿¡å·ã«æåã«é©åãªéã¿é¢æ°ãä¹ç®ããã次ã«å³åŽã«å¿ èŠãªæ°ã®ãŒããè¿œå ãããFFTã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã«æž¡ãããŸãã
çµæã解éããæ¹æ³ã¯ïŒäžèšãèæ ®ããŠã
- çµæã®å€ã¯ãDTFTã¹ãã¯ãã«äžã®ãµã³ãã«ã®åäžãªã°ãªããã§ããèªã¿åãå€ãå€ãã»ã©ãã°ãªããã现ãããªããã¹ãã¯ãã«ãããç®ç«ã¡ãŸããæ¢ç¥ã®ã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ã«ãŒãã®æãŸããæ°ãè¿œå ãããšãé£ç¶ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã«ä»»æã«è¿ãè¿äŒŒãèšç®ã§ããŸã
- DTFTã¹ãã¯ãã«ã¯ã0ã1 / TïŒ1 / Tã¯ãµã³ããªã³ã°åšæ³¢æ°ïŒã®åšæ³¢æ°ééã§æå®ããããã®ééã®å€åŽã§ç¡éã«å®æçã«ç¹°ãè¿ãããŸãã
- ãã®ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã¯ãè€çŽ æ°ïŒå®æ°ã®ãã¢ïŒã§äžããããŸããæ¯å¹ ã¯è€çŽ æ°ã®ã¢ãžã¥ã©ã¹ãäœçžã¯åŒæ°ãšããŠå®çŸ©ãããŸãã
- æå¹ãªå ¥åä¿¡å·ã®å Žåã1 / 2T ... 1 / Tç¯å²ã®ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã¯ã0 ... 1 / 2Tã¹ãã¯ãã«ãåçŽã«ãã©ãŒãªã³ã°ããããã«å¿ããŠãã€ããŒããæ¬éããŸããïŒåã«ã¹ãã¯ãã«ãåæããŠã¹ãã¯ãã«ãèŠèŠåã§ããŸãïŒ
- , ( ) â
- â â â â. ( !) â .
- . , , , , k/T.
- A ( ) A*N/2, , ââ ââ A*N, 1/2T ( A*N, , ). N = T1/T0, T1 â ( «»), T0 â ( ) , , ( )
ãŸããããããã¹ãŠã§ããããŒãªãšå€æãšFFTã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ãã·ã³ãã«ã§ããããããã䜿ããããããŒã«ã«ãªãããšãé¡ã£ãŠããŸãã