Hypothesis “General theory of evolution”
I decided to write this article in order to more clearly and systematically present the idea formulated by me in the report “The Hypothesis of the Law of the Evolutionary Development of Nature” at the international scientific conference of the European Society of Philosophy and Psychology in Portugal in 1998, about twenty years ago . The proposed idea - the hypothesis appeared as a result of a series of insights that came in the mornings in the transitional period between sleep and wakefulness, two years before the conference at which it was presented. I got up and wrote down these thoughts in a diary that I kept then.
When I was preparing for the conference and writing a report, this was my first experience, both of participation in the conference and in the writing of scientific texts. In addition, at that time a crude, not yet deeply meaningful idea, over the past time, has been more deeply thought out and tested in the experience of my life and the experience of those people whose life history I managed to get acquainted with during this time.
The emergence of this idea contributed to the awareness of two key factors.
The first is that the brain is a complex information-controlling biological system, to which, like any complex technical system, we apply the criterion of stability.
The second is a genetic mechanism, with all its undoubtedly huge information capacity, however it has a limitation on this parameter.
In lower biological species, such as insects, fish, reptiles, with a relatively small brain size, and a relatively uncomplicated morphology, there are no problems with brain stability and limiting the information capacity of genes. In these species, hereditary information contains not only data on the morphological structure of the body, but also programs of behavior for the most diverse external living conditions. With a significant change in the external conditions of these species, in order to adapt to these changes, it was easier to change morphologically, that is, to become a new species. This is facilitated by a very short reproductive cycle in these species and due to the change of many generations, in a relatively short time by evolutionary standards, to adapt to new conditions by changing the morphology and behavioral programs, eventually becoming a new species. Therefore, compared with other species that stand on the higher steps of the evolutionary ladder, insects have the greatest species diversity.
With the emergence in the process of evolution of biological species with a more complex morphology and a large brain volume, starting with birds, difficulties have arisen with the lack of information capacity of genes to transmit the behavioral programs necessary for adaptive behavior in the habitat of this species, as well as maintaining brain stability, which is a complex management system.
Let us consider in more detail what mechanisms appeared in the process of evolution to resolve the arisen difficulties. It was the birds that had two new very important evolutionary mechanisms, the imprinting mechanism and the mechanism of social connections, which successfully solved the difficulties encountered in the evolutionary process.
The imprinting mechanism was first discovered and explored in the late nineteenth century in chickens. However, the most detailed study of this mechanism was conducted by Konrad Lorenz and his teacher Oscar Heinroth in the process of studying the group behavior of animals in flocks of gray geese. In the period of imprinting in animals in the initial period after birth, environmental information and parental behavioral programs are recorded in long-term memory. It can be assumed that the evolutionary, adaptive role of the mechanism of imprinting is that part of the information, from the previous generation to the next, is not transmitted through genetic means. Thus, information about the environment, changes in it and adaptive behavior to these changes can be transmitted and be worked out in behavioral programs in a shorter time, within the life of just a few generations. The imprinting mechanism proved to be so evolutionarily effective that it not only survived, but also was further developed in biological species that are at a higher level of the evolutionary ladder in mammals. The development lies in the fact that the higher the biological species on the evolutionary ladder, the longer the imprinting period and the more time the pup is under the care of the parents, receiving correspondingly more imprinting information. In my opinion, it was the emergence of the mechanism of imprinting, which transmits information in a non-genetic way, which made it possible for biological species with a more complex morphology and brain size to appear in the evolution process due to the release of informational capacity of genes. The fact that the information capacity of genes may not be enough for the formation of neural connections in the brain, and other scientists say. Neuroscientist Konstantin Anokhin says that the formation of the brain as an integral structure requires the greatest resources from the genome. This is what Alexander Markov says in his book “The Evolution of Man”:
“The brain is much more complex (more bits of information are needed to describe it) than the genome, which with some reservations can be viewed as a“ program ”for the development of the organism, including the brain. In the human genome, there are only 3 x 10 ^ 9 nucleotides, each of which contains two bits of information. Let's not trifle: for even counting let it be 10 ^ 10 bits. The structure of the interneuronal connections of the brain, on which, in fact, its performance depends, requires for its description at least a million times larger carrier: it contains at least 10 ^ 16 bits of information ”
An even more important conclusion about the evolutionary role of the imprinting mechanism can be made on the basis of experiments conducted by Conrad Lorenz over the gray geese nestlings, which he deprived of contact with adult birds, i.e. limited the flow of sensory information and thus simulated artificial deprivation. The results of these experiments, he described in his book "Aggression":
“If such a sad situation is deliberately created in an experience in which a single goose is grown, like Kaspar Hauser, isolated from his relatives, then this unfortunate creation has a number of characteristic behavioral deviations.”
“The geese, who were mentally crippled in this way, sit down, buried in a corner of the room; and if we put two in one room - as we did once - then in two corners, located diagonally. Rene Spitz, to whom we showed this experiment, was simply shocked by this analogy between the behavior of our experimental animals and the children he studied at the orphanage. Unlike children, about geese, we still do not know how much such a cripple is treatable, because recovery takes years. ”
The evolutionary process is based on two evolutionary mechanisms, the mechanism of variability and the mechanism of natural selection. In his books, Konrad Lorenz called these mechanisms the Great Constructors. In modern synthetic evolutionary theory, the basis for which was the evolutionary theory of Charles Darwin, genetic mutations and other genetic processes that trigger the mechanism of natural selection, if the combination of genetic processes, are not conducive to adaptation to environmental changes serve as the mechanism of variability.
If you look more closely at how the Imprinting mechanism works, you can see that from the previous generation, information and behavioral programs that are vital for adaptation to the environment are transmitted to the next generation. In the case when, in the process of transferring the indicated information, failures, distortions and transfer are not in full, in this case the possibilities of adaptation are reduced and the mechanism of natural selection is launched. As a result of Conrad Lorenz’s experiments, both the chicks and the babies in the shelters that René Spitz was talking about during the imprinting period were deprived of the information necessary for survival and, in the case of their life in natural conditions, the mechanism of natural selection would be guaranteed to work. Thus, a very important conclusion can be made that Imprinting is a new evolutionary mechanism of variability.
The emergence of a new mechanism of variability - the mechanism of imprinting in interaction with the mechanism of natural selection can be considered as the appearance of a qualitatively new evolutionary process in the field of psychic phenomena.
This new evolutionary process acting in the field of mental phenomena in birds and mammals can be called - Psychic evolution.
The evolutionary process based on changes in genes and affecting all biological species can be called - Biological evolution.
Both evolutionary processes operate in parallel and independently from each other. The assumption of the existence of an independent evolutionary process in the field of psychic phenomena represents the wide possibilities for using accumulated knowledge and facts to refute or confirm this assumption.
Indirectly confirms these findings, the fact that it is the birds who have a new way of caring for the offspring, this is training their parents to find the necessary food, or direct feeding of chicks to their parents and then teaching the chicks to extract this food themselves. With the advent of mammals, mother's milk became a universal feed and a way to care for the offspring in the initial period of life of the young. It is during the period of cubs' dependence on parental care that vital information is transmitted.
An important advantage of transmitting information through imprinting is a shorter feedback loop, that is, faster adaptation to changes due to behavior modification. During this period, there is also a fixation of norms of social behavior, adaptation to environmental conditions, sexual identification and sexual preferences, the formation of food habits and the adjustment of the thermoregulation system. This mechanism has shortcomings, during this period the young are helpless and easily become victims of predators, as well as failures in the process of information transfer can lead to maladaptive behavior and to the launch of natural selection. However, in evolutionary terms, the advantages outweighed the disadvantages.
In the initial version of the hypothesis, in a report at the conference, I considered it possible to talk about four stages of evolution. Now, after the passage of time and calm reflection, it seems to me that highlighting the evolution of Cognition and the evolution of Consciousness into independent stages of evolution is not entirely justified, since there are no clearly expressed mechanisms of variability. Therefore, Cognition and Consciousness can be viewed as feedback loops within the process of Psychic evolution.
My idea of the general theory of evolution can be represented graphically.
From the graph presented in the figure, it is not difficult to understand the great impact that imprinting information has on the lives of higher mammals and humans as well.
Information and behavior programs transmitted during the imprinting period to the next generation are very important for the survival of the species. Therefore, in the process of evolution, a mechanism was developed to control that information was not distorted and could be passed on to the next generation without distortion, and that behavioral programs were strictly followed. I called this mechanism the information protection system. As sometimes happens in the process of evolution for this purpose, the already existing, very rigid mechanism was used - the response to physical danger. Occupation occurred when an existing mechanism is used for a new purpose. Thus, if there is a probability of non-fulfillment of the imprint program or distortion of the imprint information in the appropriate situation, then the body experiences the same sensations that are experienced in case of a real physical danger, with all the accompanying emotional reactions. But the execution of programs is accompanied by a sense of pleasure. Thus, this system operates by the method of carrots and sticks. Awarding when behavior corresponds to programs and punishing a state of stress, fear, panic, depression, or even a sensation of physical pain, when there is a threat of changing programs or when they are not properly performed.
What happens to an animal when it breaks habitual behavior is well described in his book “Aggression” by Konrad Lorenz:
“It happened at this time that one evening I forgot to let Martin into the house and take her to my room; and when at last he remembered her, it was already deep twilight. I hurried to the door, and barely opened it - the goose, in fear and haste, squeezed into the house through a crack in the door, then between my legs and, against her wont, rushed to the stairs in front of me. And then she did something that all the more went against her habit: she avoided her usual way and chose the shortest, i.e. I climbed the first step from the near, right side and began to climb up, cutting off the curvature of the stairs. But then something truly amazing happened: reaching the fifth step, she suddenly stopped, stretched her neck and spread her wings for the flight, as wild geese do in a strong fright. In addition, she issued a warning cry and nearly flew. Then, after a pause, she turned back, hurriedly went back down, very diligently, as if performing an extremely important duty, ran her long-distance way to the window itself and back, again approached the stairs - this time “according to the charter”, to the very left edge , - and began to climb up. Reaching the fifth step, she stopped, looked around, then shook herself off and produced a greeting movement. These latter actions are always observed in the gray geese, when the experienced fear gives way to tranquility. I hardly believed my eyes. I had no doubts about the interpretation of this incident: the habit turned into a custom that the goose could not break without fear. ”
The given example shows how tough, if not brutally, the information protection system works. You can also understand how tightly the information protection system controls the implementation of social attitudes that are fixed in the brain during the imprinting period. An acquaintance of mine who has developed interdependent relations with her children told me that the mere thought of changing these relations causes her panic fear and the pain of such strength that she does not have enough strength to overcome. So understanding the problem is not a guarantee for solving it. Especially when such an understanding comes at an older age.
In the process of mental evolution, on the basis of information obtained during the imprinting period, in addition to physical needs, a new type of body needs was formed - mental needs. The ability to meet these needs for the body is synonymous with mental security. The impossibility of the implementation of mental needs, the body perceives as a threat to physical security. Very often the implementation of mental security is a priority for representatives of higher biological species. The paradox is that the implementation of mental security very often carries a real threat to physical security, while at the same time, specific members of a biological species cannot see such a threat. This conclusion fully applies to man. As an example, I want to point out an important point, if a child was abused and suffered in his early childhood, then an unnatural psychic need for violence and suffering is formed in him. In his adult life, he will unconsciously create circumstances in which he will experience violence and suffering. I often met people with such a model of behavior who did not understand the reason for their unhappy life. This suggests that unconscious satisfaction from the realization of mental need has a stronger effect than negative feelings caused by physical or moral suffering. These observations confirm that a sense of mental security takes precedence over physical security.
Thus, the action of the information protection system can block even the instinct of self-preservation. Failure to meet mental needs leads to emotional disorders, and very strong emotional disorders can lead to irreversible mental disorders. This is confirmed by the widespread occurrence of mental disorders such as autism, depression, schizophrenia, etc. Nature has done so that a person perceives the unconscious informational content of the brain as an absolute truth, and all the possibilities of the intellect serve to fulfill the tasks dictated by these unconscious programs. Often people think that the ability to think intellectually is consciousness, but it is not. . , , . , .
, , . , , , , . . , – , , .
. – , . « » , :
« «» , ». « , , , , . , , ».
, . , :
«, , , .» « () . , , , .»
, , , . , , , , , . - .
. , , , . , , , . .
:
— , , , , , , . , , , , , .
– , , , , Homo Sapiens , . . , , , ( , , , ), , , 0.1%. , , , . .
, , , , – , , . . , , . , , .
, , . , , . . , , , , . , – , . , , , . . . , , , . , , , . , . . , . . , , .
, — , , . «», . , , . , - . , . , , . , , , .
, , . «»:
« , , , , , . . , , , . «».
« , , . — - — ; , - , , -, .»
« , , , , — , , . , — , , , , , , .
, . , . , , , , . , , . , , , .
, «» , ; , . , , . , . , , «». , , , .
, , — , , , , . , , , . , , , . !
, , , . , ; , , . , , — , .»
, . , , , – . , , , - . - , , « . ».
, . , , . , . , . , .
, , , . , , , . . .
Biologists Konrad Lorenz and Nicholas Tinbergen discovered the existence of a system of social connections in animals in their research, mainly on birds. Here's how in his book "Aggression" Konrad Lorenz describes a case of rupture of an individual social connection in a flock of gray geese:
«, , , , . , . , , , , , , . , , , ; « » , .»
, .
, , , , , . . , , , , .
The social connection between two representatives of a species requires a certain number of neurons in the brain of each of them. These neurons contain the current program of social relations between these representatives. Most often, these relationships are hierarchical. However, in species at the upper levels of the evolutionary ladder, these relationships may not be hierarchical.
, - . , 3 , – . . , , , , . , , , . , , , , .
, . , , . 18 30 , . . , 25 . 60- , , , . 90- . , , , . , .
, , , , , . , , , , . , , , , , . , , , . , , , . , , , , . , , , , , , , , . , .
, . , . . .
, – , , , . , . - , , . . , - , .
, , , . , . . - , . , , .
, . , . , , . . , , . , . « » .
, , – . Homo . , 2 . , Homo, , . , , , . , . , , .
— . , , Homo Sapiens , , 1500 3. , , , . — , , , , .
, , – . , . , , . , . , — . , , , , . , . , Homo Sapiens, , , . , , , , , . , , . , , , . , , , .
, , , , .
– , . . , , , . , . , , . , , , , . , , , , . , .
, , . . , , , , . . , , . , . , . , . , .
, Homo, , .
, Homo , , . , . , . , Homo . , , , , : , , . , , . . , . , , . , . , - . , , . , , . Homo , .
, . , , . , , , , , , , , . , , , . , , , , , , , , , . . « . .», , . , , , , .
, , .
, . , , , , , . , , .
, . , . .
. , . , , . , , . , , .
, 100 , 20 000 – . . . , — , , .
, , , , . - , I , .
7.5 7.5 . . , , «». . . . , , . . , , . , . , , , . , , « » .
( , , ), , . . , « », . . , , , , , . , , . , , . .
I want to note what role the Consciousness will play in a person’s life depends largely on the attitude of the parents towards the child during the Imprinting period and subsequent periods of development.
, , . , , , , , , , , . . . . . . , , . , . , .
, , , . , . , , , .
, , , , , , . . .
The above described extreme cases of development of events, in real life there are many intermediate options. However, the average direction of development of human society is characterized by an increase in the level of Consciousness and the development of intellectual potential. In human history and in the life around us there are many examples confirming these arguments.
, — , . , , , , , . , , , . , , , . , , . , , , , , , , . Homo Sapiens Open.
, , , . , , , . , , . , . , , . , , , , , . « » . , , , . , . , , . , . , .
, . , . , , , , , , .
, , , . , , . , . , , , , . , , .
, , , , . , , , . , , , . , . . , . , .
PS , . , , .
, , , .
When I was preparing for the conference and writing a report, this was my first experience, both of participation in the conference and in the writing of scientific texts. In addition, at that time a crude, not yet deeply meaningful idea, over the past time, has been more deeply thought out and tested in the experience of my life and the experience of those people whose life history I managed to get acquainted with during this time.
The emergence of this idea contributed to the awareness of two key factors.
The first is that the brain is a complex information-controlling biological system, to which, like any complex technical system, we apply the criterion of stability.
The second is a genetic mechanism, with all its undoubtedly huge information capacity, however it has a limitation on this parameter.
In lower biological species, such as insects, fish, reptiles, with a relatively small brain size, and a relatively uncomplicated morphology, there are no problems with brain stability and limiting the information capacity of genes. In these species, hereditary information contains not only data on the morphological structure of the body, but also programs of behavior for the most diverse external living conditions. With a significant change in the external conditions of these species, in order to adapt to these changes, it was easier to change morphologically, that is, to become a new species. This is facilitated by a very short reproductive cycle in these species and due to the change of many generations, in a relatively short time by evolutionary standards, to adapt to new conditions by changing the morphology and behavioral programs, eventually becoming a new species. Therefore, compared with other species that stand on the higher steps of the evolutionary ladder, insects have the greatest species diversity.
With the emergence in the process of evolution of biological species with a more complex morphology and a large brain volume, starting with birds, difficulties have arisen with the lack of information capacity of genes to transmit the behavioral programs necessary for adaptive behavior in the habitat of this species, as well as maintaining brain stability, which is a complex management system.
Let us consider in more detail what mechanisms appeared in the process of evolution to resolve the arisen difficulties. It was the birds that had two new very important evolutionary mechanisms, the imprinting mechanism and the mechanism of social connections, which successfully solved the difficulties encountered in the evolutionary process.
The imprinting mechanism was first discovered and explored in the late nineteenth century in chickens. However, the most detailed study of this mechanism was conducted by Konrad Lorenz and his teacher Oscar Heinroth in the process of studying the group behavior of animals in flocks of gray geese. In the period of imprinting in animals in the initial period after birth, environmental information and parental behavioral programs are recorded in long-term memory. It can be assumed that the evolutionary, adaptive role of the mechanism of imprinting is that part of the information, from the previous generation to the next, is not transmitted through genetic means. Thus, information about the environment, changes in it and adaptive behavior to these changes can be transmitted and be worked out in behavioral programs in a shorter time, within the life of just a few generations. The imprinting mechanism proved to be so evolutionarily effective that it not only survived, but also was further developed in biological species that are at a higher level of the evolutionary ladder in mammals. The development lies in the fact that the higher the biological species on the evolutionary ladder, the longer the imprinting period and the more time the pup is under the care of the parents, receiving correspondingly more imprinting information. In my opinion, it was the emergence of the mechanism of imprinting, which transmits information in a non-genetic way, which made it possible for biological species with a more complex morphology and brain size to appear in the evolution process due to the release of informational capacity of genes. The fact that the information capacity of genes may not be enough for the formation of neural connections in the brain, and other scientists say. Neuroscientist Konstantin Anokhin says that the formation of the brain as an integral structure requires the greatest resources from the genome. This is what Alexander Markov says in his book “The Evolution of Man”:
“The brain is much more complex (more bits of information are needed to describe it) than the genome, which with some reservations can be viewed as a“ program ”for the development of the organism, including the brain. In the human genome, there are only 3 x 10 ^ 9 nucleotides, each of which contains two bits of information. Let's not trifle: for even counting let it be 10 ^ 10 bits. The structure of the interneuronal connections of the brain, on which, in fact, its performance depends, requires for its description at least a million times larger carrier: it contains at least 10 ^ 16 bits of information ”
An even more important conclusion about the evolutionary role of the imprinting mechanism can be made on the basis of experiments conducted by Conrad Lorenz over the gray geese nestlings, which he deprived of contact with adult birds, i.e. limited the flow of sensory information and thus simulated artificial deprivation. The results of these experiments, he described in his book "Aggression":
“If such a sad situation is deliberately created in an experience in which a single goose is grown, like Kaspar Hauser, isolated from his relatives, then this unfortunate creation has a number of characteristic behavioral deviations.”
“The geese, who were mentally crippled in this way, sit down, buried in a corner of the room; and if we put two in one room - as we did once - then in two corners, located diagonally. Rene Spitz, to whom we showed this experiment, was simply shocked by this analogy between the behavior of our experimental animals and the children he studied at the orphanage. Unlike children, about geese, we still do not know how much such a cripple is treatable, because recovery takes years. ”
The evolutionary process is based on two evolutionary mechanisms, the mechanism of variability and the mechanism of natural selection. In his books, Konrad Lorenz called these mechanisms the Great Constructors. In modern synthetic evolutionary theory, the basis for which was the evolutionary theory of Charles Darwin, genetic mutations and other genetic processes that trigger the mechanism of natural selection, if the combination of genetic processes, are not conducive to adaptation to environmental changes serve as the mechanism of variability.
If you look more closely at how the Imprinting mechanism works, you can see that from the previous generation, information and behavioral programs that are vital for adaptation to the environment are transmitted to the next generation. In the case when, in the process of transferring the indicated information, failures, distortions and transfer are not in full, in this case the possibilities of adaptation are reduced and the mechanism of natural selection is launched. As a result of Conrad Lorenz’s experiments, both the chicks and the babies in the shelters that René Spitz was talking about during the imprinting period were deprived of the information necessary for survival and, in the case of their life in natural conditions, the mechanism of natural selection would be guaranteed to work. Thus, a very important conclusion can be made that Imprinting is a new evolutionary mechanism of variability.
The emergence of a new mechanism of variability - the mechanism of imprinting in interaction with the mechanism of natural selection can be considered as the appearance of a qualitatively new evolutionary process in the field of psychic phenomena.
This new evolutionary process acting in the field of mental phenomena in birds and mammals can be called - Psychic evolution.
The evolutionary process based on changes in genes and affecting all biological species can be called - Biological evolution.
Both evolutionary processes operate in parallel and independently from each other. The assumption of the existence of an independent evolutionary process in the field of psychic phenomena represents the wide possibilities for using accumulated knowledge and facts to refute or confirm this assumption.
Indirectly confirms these findings, the fact that it is the birds who have a new way of caring for the offspring, this is training their parents to find the necessary food, or direct feeding of chicks to their parents and then teaching the chicks to extract this food themselves. With the advent of mammals, mother's milk became a universal feed and a way to care for the offspring in the initial period of life of the young. It is during the period of cubs' dependence on parental care that vital information is transmitted.
An important advantage of transmitting information through imprinting is a shorter feedback loop, that is, faster adaptation to changes due to behavior modification. During this period, there is also a fixation of norms of social behavior, adaptation to environmental conditions, sexual identification and sexual preferences, the formation of food habits and the adjustment of the thermoregulation system. This mechanism has shortcomings, during this period the young are helpless and easily become victims of predators, as well as failures in the process of information transfer can lead to maladaptive behavior and to the launch of natural selection. However, in evolutionary terms, the advantages outweighed the disadvantages.
In the initial version of the hypothesis, in a report at the conference, I considered it possible to talk about four stages of evolution. Now, after the passage of time and calm reflection, it seems to me that highlighting the evolution of Cognition and the evolution of Consciousness into independent stages of evolution is not entirely justified, since there are no clearly expressed mechanisms of variability. Therefore, Cognition and Consciousness can be viewed as feedback loops within the process of Psychic evolution.
My idea of the general theory of evolution can be represented graphically.
From the graph presented in the figure, it is not difficult to understand the great impact that imprinting information has on the lives of higher mammals and humans as well.
Information and behavior programs transmitted during the imprinting period to the next generation are very important for the survival of the species. Therefore, in the process of evolution, a mechanism was developed to control that information was not distorted and could be passed on to the next generation without distortion, and that behavioral programs were strictly followed. I called this mechanism the information protection system. As sometimes happens in the process of evolution for this purpose, the already existing, very rigid mechanism was used - the response to physical danger. Occupation occurred when an existing mechanism is used for a new purpose. Thus, if there is a probability of non-fulfillment of the imprint program or distortion of the imprint information in the appropriate situation, then the body experiences the same sensations that are experienced in case of a real physical danger, with all the accompanying emotional reactions. But the execution of programs is accompanied by a sense of pleasure. Thus, this system operates by the method of carrots and sticks. Awarding when behavior corresponds to programs and punishing a state of stress, fear, panic, depression, or even a sensation of physical pain, when there is a threat of changing programs or when they are not properly performed.
What happens to an animal when it breaks habitual behavior is well described in his book “Aggression” by Konrad Lorenz:
“It happened at this time that one evening I forgot to let Martin into the house and take her to my room; and when at last he remembered her, it was already deep twilight. I hurried to the door, and barely opened it - the goose, in fear and haste, squeezed into the house through a crack in the door, then between my legs and, against her wont, rushed to the stairs in front of me. And then she did something that all the more went against her habit: she avoided her usual way and chose the shortest, i.e. I climbed the first step from the near, right side and began to climb up, cutting off the curvature of the stairs. But then something truly amazing happened: reaching the fifth step, she suddenly stopped, stretched her neck and spread her wings for the flight, as wild geese do in a strong fright. In addition, she issued a warning cry and nearly flew. Then, after a pause, she turned back, hurriedly went back down, very diligently, as if performing an extremely important duty, ran her long-distance way to the window itself and back, again approached the stairs - this time “according to the charter”, to the very left edge , - and began to climb up. Reaching the fifth step, she stopped, looked around, then shook herself off and produced a greeting movement. These latter actions are always observed in the gray geese, when the experienced fear gives way to tranquility. I hardly believed my eyes. I had no doubts about the interpretation of this incident: the habit turned into a custom that the goose could not break without fear. ”
The given example shows how tough, if not brutally, the information protection system works. You can also understand how tightly the information protection system controls the implementation of social attitudes that are fixed in the brain during the imprinting period. An acquaintance of mine who has developed interdependent relations with her children told me that the mere thought of changing these relations causes her panic fear and the pain of such strength that she does not have enough strength to overcome. So understanding the problem is not a guarantee for solving it. Especially when such an understanding comes at an older age.
In the process of mental evolution, on the basis of information obtained during the imprinting period, in addition to physical needs, a new type of body needs was formed - mental needs. The ability to meet these needs for the body is synonymous with mental security. The impossibility of the implementation of mental needs, the body perceives as a threat to physical security. Very often the implementation of mental security is a priority for representatives of higher biological species. The paradox is that the implementation of mental security very often carries a real threat to physical security, while at the same time, specific members of a biological species cannot see such a threat. This conclusion fully applies to man. As an example, I want to point out an important point, if a child was abused and suffered in his early childhood, then an unnatural psychic need for violence and suffering is formed in him. In his adult life, he will unconsciously create circumstances in which he will experience violence and suffering. I often met people with such a model of behavior who did not understand the reason for their unhappy life. This suggests that unconscious satisfaction from the realization of mental need has a stronger effect than negative feelings caused by physical or moral suffering. These observations confirm that a sense of mental security takes precedence over physical security.
Thus, the action of the information protection system can block even the instinct of self-preservation. Failure to meet mental needs leads to emotional disorders, and very strong emotional disorders can lead to irreversible mental disorders. This is confirmed by the widespread occurrence of mental disorders such as autism, depression, schizophrenia, etc. Nature has done so that a person perceives the unconscious informational content of the brain as an absolute truth, and all the possibilities of the intellect serve to fulfill the tasks dictated by these unconscious programs. Often people think that the ability to think intellectually is consciousness, but it is not. . , , . , .
, , . , , , , . . , – , , .
. – , . « » , :
« «» , ». « , , , , . , , ».
, . , :
«, , , .» « () . , , , .»
, , , . , , , , , . - .
. , , , . , , , . .
:
— , , , , , , . , , , , , .
– , , , , Homo Sapiens , . . , , , ( , , , ), , , 0.1%. , , , . .
, , , , – , , . . , , . , , .
, , . , , . . , , , , . , – , . , , , . . . , , , . , , , . , . . , . . , , .
, — , , . «», . , , . , - . , . , , . , , , .
, , . «»:
« , , , , , . . , , , . «».
« , , . — - — ; , - , , -, .»
« , , , , — , , . , — , , , , , , .
, . , . , , , , . , , . , , , .
, «» , ; , . , , . , . , , «». , , , .
, , — , , , , . , , , . , , , . !
, , , . , ; , , . , , — , .»
, . , , , – . , , , - . - , , « . ».
, . , , . , . , . , .
, , , . , , , . . .
Biologists Konrad Lorenz and Nicholas Tinbergen discovered the existence of a system of social connections in animals in their research, mainly on birds. Here's how in his book "Aggression" Konrad Lorenz describes a case of rupture of an individual social connection in a flock of gray geese:
«, , , , . , . , , , , , , . , , , ; « » , .»
, .
, , , , , . . , , , , .
The social connection between two representatives of a species requires a certain number of neurons in the brain of each of them. These neurons contain the current program of social relations between these representatives. Most often, these relationships are hierarchical. However, in species at the upper levels of the evolutionary ladder, these relationships may not be hierarchical.
, - . , 3 , – . . , , , , . , , , . , , , , .
, . , , . 18 30 , . . , 25 . 60- , , , . 90- . , , , . , .
, , , , , . , , , , . , , , , , . , , , . , , , . , , , , . , , , , , , , , . , .
, . , . . .
, – , , , . , . - , , . . , - , .
, , , . , . . - , . , , .
, . , . , , . . , , . , . « » .
, , – . Homo . , 2 . , Homo, , . , , , . , . , , .
— . , , Homo Sapiens , , 1500 3. , , , . — , , , , .
, , – . , . , , . , . , — . , , , , . , . , Homo Sapiens, , , . , , , , , . , , . , , , . , , , .
, , , , .
– , . . , , , . , . , , . , , , , . , , , , . , .
, , . . , , , , . . , , . , . , . , . , .
, Homo, , .
, Homo , , . , . , . , Homo . , , , , : , , . , , . . , . , , . , . , - . , , . , , . Homo , .
, . , , . , , , , , , , , . , , , . , , , , , , , , , . . « . .», , . , , , , .
, , .
, . , , , , , . , , .
, . , . .
. , . , , . , , . , , .
, 100 , 20 000 – . . . , — , , .
, , , , . - , I , .
7.5 7.5 . . , , «». . . . , , . . , , . , . , , , . , , « » .
( , , ), , . . , « », . . , , , , , . , , . , , . .
I want to note what role the Consciousness will play in a person’s life depends largely on the attitude of the parents towards the child during the Imprinting period and subsequent periods of development.
, , . , , , , , , , , . . . . . . , , . , . , .
, , , . , . , , , .
, , , , , , . . .
The above described extreme cases of development of events, in real life there are many intermediate options. However, the average direction of development of human society is characterized by an increase in the level of Consciousness and the development of intellectual potential. In human history and in the life around us there are many examples confirming these arguments.
, — , . , , , , , . , , , . , , , . , , . , , , , , , , . Homo Sapiens Open.
, , , . , , , . , , . , . , , . , , , , , . « » . , , , . , . , , . , . , .
, . , . , , , , , , .
, , , . , , . , . , , , , . , , .
, , , , . , , , . , , , . , . . , . , .
PS , . , , .
, , , .
All Articles