æ°æ¥åãå€å žçãªUnix / Linuxåæåã·ã¹ãã sysvinit 2.92 㮠次ã®ããŒãžã§ã³ãäºå®ããæ©ããªãªãŒã¹ãããŸããã åå·ã®2.91ã¯1ãæ以äžåã«çºè¡šãããŸããã
ã»ãšãã©ãã¹ãŠã®ææ°ã®Linuxãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ãæåŠããå€ãåæåã·ã¹ãã ïŒSIïŒã®ãã€ããŒããŒãžã§ã³ã®ãªãªãŒã¹ã§æ³šç®ãã¹ãç¹ã¯äœã§ããïŒãŸãããªãŒãã³ãœãŒã¹ã³ãã¥ããã£ãšDebian LinuxãŠãŒã¶ãŒã«ãšã£ãŠããã¯ã©ããªåã³ã§ããïŒ
ãã®ãšããœãŒãã¯ããªãªãŒã¹ãDebianãšDevuanã®2ã€ã®æµå¯ŸçãªéçºããŒã ã®å ±åäœæ¥ã§ããã4幎åã«systemdããããç¶æ³ã«ããåè£ãããšããç¹ã§èå³æ·±ããã®ã§ãã ããããé çªã«èŠãŠã¿ãŸãããã
systemdã«å¯Ÿããäžéæ祚
Debian Jessieã®ãªãªãŒã¹ã®æ°ãæåããããžã§ã¯ããªãŒããŒã¯åæåã·ã¹ãã ã決å®ããå¿ èŠã«çŽé¢ããŸããã åœæã systemdã¯ãã§ã«äººæ°ãåããŠãããäž»èŠãªåè£ã®1ã€ã§ããã åèšã§ã4人ã®SIãã¬ãŒã¹ã«åå ããŸããã
- systemd;
- æ°èäŒæ¥;
- openrc;
- sysvinitã
æ祚ã«ã¯ãããããªãè°è«ãå¿ èŠããšããéžæè¢ããããŸããã
æåã®ã©ãŠã³ãã®çµæã¯ã upstartãšsystemdã®ãã©ã³ã¹ã瀺ãããããã4祚ãç²åŸããŸããã 決å®ãäžãã«ã¯ã2ïŒ1ã®æ祚çãå¿ èŠã§ããã
ãã®2é±éåŸã2014幎2æäžæ¬ã«2åç®ã®ã©ãŠã³ããè¡ãããæ¬è³ªçã«æ°ããããšã¯äœãèµ·ãããŸããã§ããã 声ã¯åãå²åã§åå²ããããããªãè°è«ã決å®ãããŸããã
systemdã®è³æ祚ïŒ
- Bdale Garbee-æè¡å§å¡äŒã®è°é·;
- ãã³ã»ã¢ãŒã ã¹ããã³ã°
- çŸåšãValveã§åããŠããXã®ç¬¬äžäººè ãããŒã¹ã»ããã«ãŒãã
- ã©ã¹ã»ã¢ã«ããªãŒã
æ°èäŒæ¥ãæ祚ããå ŽåïŒ
- ã³ãªã³ã»ã¯ããœã³ã
- ã¹ãã£ãŒãã©ã³ã¬ã»ã¯;
- ã€ã¢ã³ã»ãžã£ã¯ãœã³;
- ã¢ã³ãã¬ã¢ã¹ã»ããŒã¹ã
ãŸããTCã3åç®ã®æ祚ãè¡ããã«ãŒã«ãå€§å¹ ã«ç°¡çŽ åããåé¡ãæèµ·ããŸããã è°é¡ãããã¹ãŠã®äºæ¬¡çãªåé¡ãæé€ãã決å®ã®ãããå€ãåçŽãªå€æ°æ±ºãŸã§åŒãäžããå§å¡äŒã¯3åç®ã®åŒã³åºãããsystemdã«è³æ祚ãæããŸããã
ãããã æ°èæ¯æè ã¯èª°ãå察é£å¶ã«ç§»åããŸããã§ãããæ祚ã®çµæã¯æè¡å§å¡äŒå§å¡é·ã§ããBidel Garbyã®è¿œå æ祚ã«ãã£ãŠæ±ºå®ããã Debian Linuxã®SIåé¡ã¯ä»¥åã®æèŠã®ãã©ã³ã¹4ã§1祚ã§è§£æ±ºãããŸããã
LinusãLinuxConf 2009ã§Bideil Garbyãåã
æ祚ã®çµæã¯ã systemdã®å察è ã®éã§èŠå³ã倱æãäžæ£ã®éãæèŠãåŒãèµ·ãããŸããã Debianã¡ãŒãªã³ã°ãªã¹ãã¯æ ç±ã«æº¢ããŠããŸããã
Ian Jackson ã¯ã Bideil Garbyã«TCã®äŒé·ãèŸä»»ããããåŒã³ãããŸãã ã ãã®åŸãèžæ°ãæŸåºããŠãç§ã¯äžæçã«TCã®æ¥åã«åå ããããšããããããšã«ããŸããã
2æ11æ¥ã®æ°æ¥åŸãDebian Linuxã®æ±ºå®ãæçµçã«è¡ãããè¿ãå°æ¥ãã¡ã€ã³ã®ãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³åæåã·ã¹ãã ãsystemdã«ãªãããšãæããã«ãªããŸããã
ããŽã¢ã³
ãã®ç¶æ³ã«åæããªãã£ãDebian Linuxãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®éçºè ã¯ãåã第8ããŒãžã§ã³ã®ãªãªãŒã¹ã®6ãæåããé·ãéæ²ãã¿ãŸããã§ããã 圌ãã¯systvinitã«åºã¥ããŠãã©ãŒã¯ ãäœæãã Dev oneãšãããã¬ãŒãºããDevuanãšããååãä»ããŸããã
é åžãããã®ãã€ã©ã€ããšèŠªOSãšã®äž»ãªéãã¯ã倧éšãã®å§ãŸãã§ãã Devuan Linuxã¯SIãšããŠsysvinitãéžæããŸããã äžè¬ã«ããã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ãããã®éçºã¯ã ãã·ã¢èªã®éšåãé€å€ããããšãªããLinuxãŠãŒã¶ãŒã®éã§å€§ããªç±æã§è¿ããããŸããã
6æãé åžãããã®2çªç®ã®ããŒãžã§ã³ãããã®ç¥å ã®ææ°ããŒãžã§ã³ã§ããDebian Stretchã®ããã±ãŒãžããŒã¹ã§ãªãªãŒã¹ãããŸããã sysvinitã«å ããŠãSIãšããŠopenrcãéžæããããšãã§ããŸãã
Debianéçºè ã®ç°å¢ããããŠå®éã«Linux OSã®ããŸããŸãªããªãšãŒã·ã§ã³ã®å€æ°ã®ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã®éã§ããã®ãããªåè£ãåŒãèµ·ãããåå ãç解ããŠã¿ãŸãããã å®éãGNU / Linuxã®æŽå²ã«ã¯ ã GPLv3ãã©ãã ã UEFI SecureBootãªã©ãé£ãã決å®ãšå±éºãªå€åããããŸããããªããããããã¹ãŠéªéã«ãªããªãã®ã§ããïŒ
systemdããããè«äº
ãã¹ãŠã®çŽäºã®æ¬è³ªã1ã€ã®è«æã«ãŸãšããå Žåã systemdã¯ãã·ã¹ãã ã®åæåãšãã®ãµãŒãã¹ã«å¯Ÿããæãå®å šãªå¶åŸ¡ã®äº€æãæå³ããUnixå²åŠãå®å šã«æåŠããããšã«ãªããšèšããŸãã
ãããŠãæåã®ãã®ã¯systemdã®å察è ã«ãã£ãŠæ¿ããäºãããŠããŸããã2çªç®ã®ãã®ã«ã€ããŠã¯èª°ãäºã£ãŠããŸããã systemdã管çè ã®ç掻ã楜ã«ããããšã«èª°ããåæããããã§ã¯ãããŸãããã systemdãšUnix Wayã䞡極端ã§ãããšäž»åŒµã§ãã人ã¯ã»ãšãã©ããŸããã
systemdã¯ãã¢ã°ã¬ãã·ããªäžŠååæ©èœãæäŸããD-Busãœã±ãããšã¢ã¯ãã£ãåãµãŒãã¹ã®å®è¡ã䜿çšããå¿ èŠã«å¿ããŠèµ·åããããŒã¢ã³ãæäŸããLinuxå¶åŸ¡ã°ã«ãŒãã䜿çšããŠããã»ã¹ãç£èŠããã¹ãããã·ã§ãããšã·ã¹ãã ç¶æ ã®å埩ãããŠã³ããšããŠã³ããã€ã³ãããµããŒãããäŸåé¢ä¿ããŒã¹ã®å®è£ ãè¡ããŸãè€éãªãã©ã³ã¶ã¯ã·ã§ã³ããã»ã¹ãå¶åŸ¡ããããã®ããžã㯠ã
OSãšãã®ããã»ã¹ã®åæåãå¶åŸ¡ããããã®ãã®ãããªå æ¬çãªã·ã¹ãã ãå¿ èŠã«ãªã£ãã®ã¯ã©ãã§ããïŒ ç§ã¯é°è¬è«ãä¿¡ããŠããªãã®ã§ããã®çç±ã¯sysvinitãšä»ã®SIã®æ¬ é¥ã«ãã£ããšä¿¡ããŠããŸãã
1983幎ã«äœæãããsysvinit㯠ã次ã®ãããªå€ãã®éèŠãªã¿ã¹ã¯ã解決ã§ããŸããã§ããã
- ããã»ã¹ã®äžŠåéå§ã
- ãªã ãŒããã«ã¡ãã£ã¢ã®æ€åº
- ãœã±ããããŒã¹ã®ãµãŒãã¹ã®ã¢ã¯ãã£ãåã
- ç°ãªãããã»ã¹ãšãµãŒãã¹éã®äŸåé¢ä¿ã確å®ã«å¶åŸ¡
-
/dev/log
ãä»ããæ©æã€ãã³ããã®ã³ã°
ããããã¹ãŠããã³ä»ã®å€ãã®äžäŸ¿ã¯æçµçã«systemdã§è§£æ±ºãããŸããã æ§æãã¡ã€ã«ã®æšæºåãæ§æã®çµ±äžãããã³cgroups
åºã¥ããµãŒãã¹ã®äŸåé¢ä¿ã®ç®¡çã«ãããåçšLinuxãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®ãã³ããŒã¯ç®¡çè
ã®ç掻ãç°¡çŽ åãããµãŒããŒããŒã¯ã®ç®¡çã³ã¹ããåæžã§ãããšæãããŸãã
ããããäŸ¡æ Œã¯ãããã§ãããïŒ å¥åŠãªèšèšã«ãããšãã¬ããŒããã¿ãªã³ã°ã®çºæ¡ã¯ãéåžžã®SIãããLinuxã·ã¹ãã ã®ãã«ãã£ã³ã°ãããã¯ã®ã»ãããã«ç§»è¡ããŸããã ãããžã§ã¯ãã®ã¡ã€ã³ããŒãžããåŒçšããŸã ã ããã€ã¹ã®æ¥ç¶ããã¡ã€ã«ã·ã¹ãã ãšã³ããªãã€ã³ãããããã¯ãŒã¯æ¥ç¶ãã·ã¹ãã ã¿ã€ã ãµãŒãã¹ããŠãŒã¶ãŒã»ãã·ã§ã³ãã·ã¹ãã ãã°ãªã©ãå¶åŸ¡ããç¶æ ã®äžçš®ã
åæã«ãå€ãã®DEéçºè ãç¹ã«Gnomeã¯ãã°ã©ãã£ã«ã«ç°å¢ã®èŠçŽ ãsystemdã«ãã€ã³ããå§ããŸããïŒ
- é»æºç®¡ç;
- ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã»ãã·ã§ã³ç®¡ç;
- éèªãèŠãã
- ããŒãããœã³ã³ã®ç»é¢ãéããå Žåãã€ãã³ãã¯åŠçãããŸããã
- ãŠã§ã€ã©ã³ã
systemd以å€ã®å¥ã®SIãéžæããå Žåãç¹å¥ãªãããããªããã°ãããã¯ãã¹ãŠGnomeã§ããŸããããŸããã
ãã®ãããªç¶æ³ã®çç±ã¯ãå€ãã®ããã°ã©ã ã»ããã§2ã€ã®ãªãã·ã§ã³ããµããŒãããã®ãé£ãããããšããããšã§ãã1ã€ã¯systemdã䜿çšãããã1ã€ã¯äœ¿çšããŸããã ãã®çµæãLinuxãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ã§å¥ã®SIãéžæããæ¹æ³ããªãå Žåã«ã·ãã¥ãšãŒã·ã§ã³ãäœæãããŸãã
Twitterã®systemdåšèŸºã®ããŒã¯ãŒãã¿ã°ã¯ã©ãŠã ã
ãŸããSIãéžæããæ¹æ³ã¯ãããŸãããããã¯æ¬åœã«éèŠã§ããïŒ OSããŒããŒãDHCPã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ããéžæããå¯èœæ§ããªããã°ããããç§ã倧ãã«æ··ä¹±ããããšã¯æããŸããã
å€ãã®ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã«å€æããããã«ã systemdã¯å€ãã®ããšãæ©ãŸãã èµ·åã®ç¬éããã®ã·ã¹ãã ã€ãã³ãã®æ©æãã€å®å šãªãã®ã³ã°ã¯ç¢ºãã«åªããŠããŸããããã€ããªãã°ãã¡ã€ã«ãåããLinuxã·ã¹ãã ãã©ã®ããã«æ³åã§ããŸããïŒ
Lennart Potteringã¯åªããããã°ã©ããŒãããããŸãããã圌ã®ã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®ã¹ã¿ã€ã«ãšãæ€åºãããæ¬ é¥ãæ¹å€ã«å¯Ÿããåå¿ã¯ããã¹ãŠæ¹å€ãããäžã«ãããŸãã æ¬ é¥5644ã«å¯Ÿãã圌ã®åå¿ã瀺ããŸãã
æ¬ é¥èªäœã
# mkdir -p /foo/dir{1,2} # touch /foo/.bar{1,2} # cat /etc/tmpfiles.d/test.conf R! /foo/.* - - - - - Reboot.
Lennart Potteringã«ããã³ã¡ã³ãã
ããã»ã©å€ãã®åé¡ãèæ ®ãããã©ããã¯ããããŸããã ãããããã¯UNIXã®èœãšãç©Žã§ããããrm -rf /foo/.*ãã¯ãŸã£ããåãããã«æ©èœããŸãã ã
ããã¯å€ç«ããã±ãŒã¹ã§ã¯ãªãããã®ã¹ã¿ã€ã«ã®ã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã¯åœŒã«ãªã¿ã¯ããã®æªãè©å€ããããããŸããã ãããŠãããã¯systemdãšãã®äœè ã«å¯Ÿãã䞻匵ã®äžéšã«ãããŸããã ãã®ç¯å²ãèŠæš¡ãããã³è€éãã®ããã«ãã·ã¹ãã ã¯SIãšããŠè匱ã«ãªãå¯èœæ§ããããŸã-ãã®äž»ãªæ©èœã
ããã§ãã systemdã¯ãã®æ©èœã«ãããŠãã¹ãŠã®äž»èŠãªSIããåªããŠããŸãããçåã¯æ®ã£ãŠããŸãã ãªãæ®éã®ããŒã«ã«ãã¹ã管çè ã¯ãDebian Linuxãä»ã®ãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ãéžæããæ©äŒããªããSIã®äœ¿çšãšãããã°ãç°¡åãªã®ã§ããïŒ å®éããã¹ãŠã®äººãããã»ã¹ãšã¯ã©ãŒã¿ç®¡çã®äžŠè¡èµ·åãå¿ èŠãšããããã§ã¯ãããŸããã
systemdã®ç¶æ³ã«ã€ããŠã®ç§ã®ç解ã¯ã ããæŽç·Žãããããããåæã«ãå€ãã®äººã«ãšã£ãŠããããå¿ èŠãšãã人ãšããã§ãªã人ã«äžåœã«è€éã§äžéæãªSIã課ãããããšããããšã§ãã å€ãã®LinuxãŠãŒã¶ãŒã¯ãããæ°ã«å ¥ãããä»ã§ã¯LinuxãWindowsã®ããã«ãªã£ããšåãå§ããŸããããããã¯ãªãŒãã³ãœãŒã¹ã³ãŒãã®ã¿ã§ããã
sysvinitã§äžç·ã«åãDnD
ãããŠã€ãã«è¯ããã¥ãŒã¹ã§ãïŒ æè¿ãDebianãšDevuan SIéçºããŒã ã®éã§ã·ããããããŸããã ããã€ãã®åéã§ã®åãçµã¿ãçµã¿åãããããšã決å®ãããŸããã
- Debian Linuxã䜿çšããæºåãã§ããŠãã人ã®ããã«ãã°ã©ãã£ã«ã«ç°å¢ãªãã®å Žåãå«ãããã¹ãŠã®å¶éã課ããŠsysvinitã䜿çšããŠãã ããã Devuanã®æ¯æŽã¯ã ãã¹ã¿ãŒãšåŒã°ããDebianã®10çªç®ã®ããŒãžã§ã³ã®æºåã«å¿ èŠã§ãã
- ãã®çžäºåç²ã®çµæãšããŠãDebianã®åŠè ã¯ãDevuanã®ååãsysvinit 2.92ã®ãªãªãŒã¹ã«åããã®ãæ¯æŽããŸããã ãã®ãããã§ãæçš¿ã®åé ã§è¿°ã¹ãããã«ãæ¡ä»¶ãåæžãããNGã®åã«åé¡ãçºçããŸããã
åžžèãåºãŸã£ãŠããå Žåãäž¡æ¹ã®éçºã°ã«ãŒãã¯ããã¹ãŠã®Debian / DevuanãŠãŒã¶ãŒã«ããé¢é£æ§ã®é«ãç®æšãèšå®ããã³å®è£
ããããšãã§ããŸãopenrc
ããã€ãã®SIã«å¯Ÿããå®å
šãªãµããŒããå®çŸããŸãïŒ openrc
ã s6
ã runit
ã runit
ãªã©runit
ã«ãå®å
šãªãµããŒãããããŸãsystemdãšã¯ç°ãªãå°ãªããšã1ã€ã®SIã確å®ã«å©çãããããã§ãããã
PS 2019幎4æ5æ¥ãã7æ¥ã«ãããŠãæåã®Devuan LinuxäŒè°ãã¢ã ã¹ãã ã§éå¬ãããŸãã