ç§ã¯ããããç 究è ã§ãããåæã«ç§ã®è¶£å³ã¯ã²ãŒã éçºã§ãã ç§ã®å°éã¯ãããããã¢ãŒã ã®å€æ¬¡å éåãèšç»ããããšã§ãã ã¢ãŒã·ã§ã³ãã©ã³ãã³ã°ã¯ã²ãŒã éçºè ã«ãšã£ãŠéåžžã«éèŠãªãããã¯ã§ãããå¶åŸ¡ãããAIãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒããããã€ã³ãããå¥ã®ãã€ã³ãã«ç§»åããå¿ èŠããããã³ã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸãã
ã²ãŒã éçºãç 究ããéçšã§ãç§ã¯äº€éèšç»ã«ã€ããŠè©±ããŠããå€ãã®ãã¥ãŒããªã¢ã«ãèŠã€ããŸããïŒéåžžãã²ãŒã éçºã«é¢ããæç®ã§ã¯ãéãèŠã€ããããšåŒã°ããŠããŸãïŒã ã ç§ãç¥ãéããã»ãšãã©ã®ã²ãŒã ã¯3ã€ã®æ·±å»ãªã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã®1ã€ãé€ããŠãä»ã®ã¢ãŒã·ã§ã³ãã©ã³ãã³ã°ãã»ãšãã©äœ¿çšããŸããïŒA *ã°ãªãããå¯èŠæ§ã°ã©ãããããŒãã£ãŒã«ãã§ã®æ€çŽ¢ã ãããã®3ã€ã®ååã«å ããŠãã¢ãŒã·ã§ã³ãã©ã³ãã³ã°ã®çè«çç 究ã®äžçããŸã ããããããã®ããã€ãã¯ã²ãŒã éçºè ã«åœ¹ç«ã€ãããããŸããã
ãã®èšäºã§ã¯ãç§ã®ã³ã³ããã¹ãã§æšæºçãªãã©ãã£ãã¯èšç»ææ³ã«ã€ããŠèª¬æãããã®å©ç¹ãšæ¬ ç¹ã説æããŸãã ãŸãããããªã²ãŒã ã§ã¯äžè¬çã«äœ¿çšãããªãåºæ¬çãªãã¯ããã¯ã玹ä»ããŸãã 圌ããã²ãŒã éçºã«ã©ã®ããã«é©çšã§ããããæããã«ããããšãé¡ã£ãŠããŸãã
ãã€ã³ãAãããã€ã³ãBãžã®ç§»åïŒãšãŒãžã§ã³ããšç®æš
ã²ãŒã ã«AIå¶åŸ¡ã®ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒããããšããäºå®ããå§ããŸããããããšãã°ãã·ã¥ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã²ãŒã ã®æµãæŠç¥ã²ãŒã ã®ãŠããããªã©ã§ãã ãã®ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒããšãŒãžã§ã³ããšåŒã³ãŸãã ãšãŒãžã§ã³ãã¯ããæ§æããšåŒã°ããäžçã®ç¹å®ã®å Žæã«ãããŸãã 2次å ã§ã¯ããšãŒãžã§ã³ãæ§æã¯2ã€ã®æ°åïŒéåžžã¯xãšyïŒã§è¡šãããšãã§ããŸãã ãšãŒãžã§ã³ãã¯ãäžçã®ä»ã®å Žæã«å°éãããã®ã§ããããç®æšïŒãŽãŒã«ïŒãšåŒã³ãŸãã
ãšãŒãžã§ã³ããå¹³ããª2次å ã®äžçã«äœãåãšããŠæ³åããŠã¿ãŸãããã ãšãŒãžã§ã³ããå¿ èŠãªæ¹åã«ç§»åã§ãããšä»®å®ããŸãã ãšãŒãžã§ã³ããšãã®ã¿ãŒã²ããã®éã«ç©ºãã¹ããŒã¹ãããªãå ŽåããšãŒãžã§ã³ãã¯çŸåšã®æ§æããã¿ãŒã²ãããŸã§çŽç·çã«ç§»åã§ããŸãã 圌ãç®æšã«å°éãããšã圌ã¯åæ¢ããŸãã ããããWalk Toã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ããšåŒã¶ããšãã§ããŸãã
: WALK TO
-
:
-
.
-
-
: .
äžçãå®å šã«ç©ºã®å Žåãããã¯å®å šã«é©åããŸãã åæèšå®ããã¿ãŒã²ããèšå®ã«ç§»åããå¿ èŠãããããšã¯æãããªããã«æãããããããŸãããããšãŒãžã§ã³ããçŸåšã®èšå®ããã¿ãŒã²ããã«å°éããããã«ãŸã£ããç°ãªãæ¹æ³ã§ç§»åã§ããããšãèæ ®ãã䟡å€ããããŸãã 圌ã¯ãŽãŒã«ã«å°éãããŸã§ãµã€ã¯ã«ãç¹°ãè¿ããããŽãŒã«ãã50ããã¡ãŒãã«é¢ããŠãããŽãŒã«ã«æ»ãããŽãŒã«ã§æ¢ãŸããŸãã
ã§ã¯ããªãçŽç·ãæãããªã®ã§ããããïŒ ããæå³ã§ãããããæè¯ã®ã移åæ¹æ³ã ããã§ãã ãšãŒãžã§ã³ããä»»æã®æ¹åã«äžå®ã®é床ã§ãã移åã§ããªããšä»®å®ãããšãçŽç·ã¯ããå°ç¹ããå¥ã®å°ç¹ã«å°éããããã®æçãã€æéã®æ¹æ³ã§ãã ãã®æå³ã§ãWalk Toã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã¯æé©ã§ãã ãã®èšäºã§ã¯ãæé©æ§ã«ã€ããŠè©³ãã説æããŸãã å®éãã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã®æé©æ§ã«ã€ããŠè©±ããšããããã¯ãæé«ããšããç¹å®ã®åºæºãæã€ããã¹ãŠã®æé«ãã§ããããšãæå³ããŸãã ã§ããã ãæ©ããã€ã³ãAãããã€ã³ãBã«å°éãããããéäžã«äœããªãå Žåã¯ãçŽç·ãšæ¯èŒããããšã¯ã§ããŸããã
å®éãå€ãã®ã²ãŒã ã§ã¯ïŒ ã»ãšãã©ã®ã²ãŒã ã§ãïŒãWalk ToçŽç·ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã¯åé¡ã解決ããã®ã«çæ³çã§ãã è¿·è·¯ãæ©ãåã£ããããã¬ã€ã€ãŒã®æ瀺ã«åŸãå¿ èŠã®ãªãå»äžãéšå±ã«å°ããª2Dæµãããå Žåããã以äžè€éãªãã®ã¯å¿ èŠãããŸããã
ããããäœããéäžã§çªç¶çŸããå Žåã¯ã©ããªããŸããïŒ
ãã®å Žåããã¹äžã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãïŒé害ç©ãšåŒã°ããïŒã¯ããšãŒãžã§ã³ãã®ã¿ãŒã²ãããžã®ãã¹ããããã¯ããŸãã ãšãŒãžã§ã³ãã¯ã¿ãŒã²ããã«çŽæ¥ç§»åã§ããªããªããããåæ¢ããŸãã ããã§äœãèµ·ãã£ãã®ã§ããïŒ
Walk Toã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã¯æé©ã§ãã ã å®å šã§ã¯ãããŸããã ãå®å šãªãã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã¯ãéãããæéã§ãã®åéã®ãã¹ãŠã®åé¡ã解決ããããšãã§ããŸãã ç§ãã¡ã®å Žåããšãªã¢ã¯é害ç©ã®ããå¹³é¢ã«æ²¿ã£ãŠç§»åããåã§ãã æããã«ãåã«ç®æšã«çŽæ¥ç§»åããã ãã§ã¯ããã®åéã®ãã¹ãŠã®åé¡ã解決ãããããã§ã¯ãããŸããã
ãã®åéã®ãã¹ãŠã®åé¡ã解決ããããããæé©ã«è§£æ±ºããã«ã¯ãããæŽç·Žããããã®ãå¿ èŠã§ãã
äºåŸèšç»ïŒã«ããã ã·ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã
é害ããã£ãå Žåã¯ã©ãããŸããïŒ ç®æšïŒãã¢ãªã©ïŒã«å°éããå¿ èŠããããéäžã§äœãïŒæ€ åãªã©ïŒãååšããå Žåã¯ãåã«ãããè¿åããŠç®æšã«åãã£ãŠåãç¶ããŸãã ãã®ã¿ã€ãã®åäœã¯ããé害ç©ã®åé¿ããšåŒã°ããŸãã ãã®ååã¯ããšãŒãžã§ã³ããã¿ãŒã²ããã«ç§»åãããšããåé¡ã解決ããããã«äœ¿çšã§ããŸãã
æãåçŽãªé害ç©åé¿ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã® 1ã€ã¯ãããŒãã«ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã§ãã 次ã®ããã«æ©èœããŸãã
: BUG
-
. M-.
-
M- :
-
, .
-
, , M-, , M-. M-, 2.
-
ã¹ããã2.2ã«ã¯èª¬æãå¿ èŠã§ãã å®éããšãŒãžã§ã³ãã¯çŸåšã®é害ç©ã®Mã©ã€ã³ã«ééãããã¹ãŠã®ã±ãŒã¹ãèšæ¶ããé害ç©ãMã©ã€ã³äžã«ãããä»ã®ã©ã®æç¹ãããã¿ãŒã²ããã«è¿ãå Žåã«ã®ã¿é害ç©ãé¢ããŸãã ããã¯ããšãŒãžã§ã³ããç¡éã«ãŒãã«é¥ãããšãé¿ããããã§ãã
äžã®å³ã§ã¯ãç Žç·ã¯Mã©ã€ã³ã瀺ãããªã¬ã³ãžè²ã®ç¢å°ã¯ç®æšãéæããããã«ãšãŒãžã§ã³ããå®è¡ããã¹ãããã瀺ããŠããŸãã ãããã¯ãšãŒãžã§ã³ããã©ãžã§ã¯ããªãšåŒã°ããŸãã é©ãã¹ãããšã«ãã«ããã ã·ã®ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã¯ãã®ã¿ã€ãã®å€ãã®åé¡ãéåžžã«ç°¡åã«è§£æ±ºããŸãã ããããã®ã¯ã¬ã€ãžãŒãªæ°åãæããŠããããã©ã®ããã«æ©èœãããã確èªããŠãã ããïŒ ãããããã°ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã¯ãã¹ãŠã®ã¿ã¹ã¯ã§æ©èœããŸããïŒ ãããŠããªããããæ©èœããã®ã§ããïŒ
åçŽãªããŒãã«ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã«ã¯å€ãã®èå³æ·±ãæ©èœããããå€ãã®éèŠãªæŠå¿µã瀺ããŠããŸããããã«ã€ããŠã¯ããã®èšäºã§èª¬æããŸãã ãããã®æŠå¿µã¯æ¬¡ã®ãšããã§ããè»è·¡ãæ¿æ²»ããã¥ãŒãªã¹ãã£ãã¯ãå®å šæ§ãæé©æ§ã
è»éã®æŠå¿µã«ã€ããŠã¯ãã§ã«è¿°ã¹ãŸããããããã¯ãšãŒãžã§ã³ããéäžã§å®è¡ããæ§æãŸãã¯ç§»åã®åçŽãªã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ã§ãã ãã°ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã¯ãè»éèšç»ãã€ãŸãåææ§æãšã¿ãŒã²ããã®æ§æãåãåããè»éãæåããã¿ãŒã²ããã«æ»ãã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ãšèããããšãã§ããŸãã ïŒã²ãŒã éçºã«é¢ããæç®ã§ã¯ãããã¹ãã©ã³ããŒããšãåŒã°ããŸãïŒã
ããããç§ãã¡ã¯æ¿æ²»ã®æŠå¿µã«ãèšåããªããã°ãªããŸããã ããŒãã«ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ãæåããã¿ãŒã²ãããŸã§å®å šãªè»éãè¿ããšè§£éãããåã«ç¬èªã®èšå®ãã¬ã€ããšããŠäœ¿çšããŠã ã©ãããã§ãã¿ãŒã²ããã«å°éã§ããäžé£ã®æ瀺ããšãŒãžã§ã³ãã«éä¿¡ãããšè§£éããå ŽåãããŒãã«ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã¯å¶åŸ¡ããªã·ãŒãšåŒã°ããŸãïŒå¶åŸ¡ããªã·ãŒïŒã 管çããªã·ãŒã¯ããšãŒãžã§ã³ãã®ç¶æ ã«åºã¥ããŠããšãŒãžã§ã³ãã次ã«å®è¡ããã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã決å®ããäžé£ã®ã«ãŒã«ã§ãã
ã«ããã ã·ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã§ã¯ãMã©ã€ã³ã¯ãšãŒãžã§ã³ãã次ã«ã©ãã«ããã¹ãããæ確ã«ç€ºããŸãã ãšãŒãžã§ã³ãã®çŸåšã®äœçœ®ããã¿ãŒã²ãããŸã§ã®ç·ã§ã¯ãªããMç·ã«åŸãããšãéžæããã®ã¯ãªãã§ããïŒ çãã¯ãM-lineã¯åãªããã¥ãŒãªã¹ãã£ãã¯ã§ãããšããããšã§ãã ãã¥ãŒãªã¹ãã£ãã¯ã¯ãã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã®æ¬¡ã®ã¹ããããå ±åããããã«äœ¿çšãããäžè¬çãªã«ãŒã«ã§ãã ãã®ã«ãŒã«ã«ãããã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã«é¢ãã人éã®ç¥èãåŸãããŸãã ãã¥ãŒãªã¹ãã£ãã¯ã®éžæã¯ãå€ãã®å Žåããã®ãããªã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ãéçºããäžã§éèŠãªéšåã§ãã ééã£ããã¥ãŒãªã¹ãã£ãã¯ãéžæãããšãã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ãå®å šã«æ©èœããªããªãå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
ä¿¡ããããªããããããŸãããïŒæåã¯ä¿¡ããŠããŸããã§ããïŒãã«ããã ã·ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã¯ãæåãããŽãŒã«ãŸã§ç§»åãã2次å ã®åã®åéã§è§£æ±ºããããã¹ãŠã®åé¡ã解決ããŸãã ããã¯ããšãŒãžã§ã³ããŸãã¯ã¿ãŒã²ããã®å Žæã«é¢ä¿ãªãããšãŒãžã§ã³ããç®æšãéæã§ããå ŽåãããŒãã«ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ããããå¯èœã«ããããšãæå³ããŸãã ããã®èšŒæã¯ãã®èšäºã®ç¯å²å€ã§ãããå¿ èŠã«å¿ããŠèªãããšãã§ããŸãã ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ããã®åéã®ãã¹ãŠã®åé¡ã解決ã§ããå Žåããã®ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã¯å®å šã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ãšåŒã°ããŸã ã
ããããããŒãã«ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã¯ãã®ã¿ã€ãã®ãã¹ãŠã®åé¡ã解決ã§ãããšããäºå®ã«ãããããããããã«ãã£ãŠäœæãããè»éã¯ããšãŒãžã§ã³ããç®æšãéæã§ããæè¯ã®ã«ããŽãªãšã¯éããŸããã å®éãããŒãã«ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã«ããããšãŒãžã§ã³ãã¯ããªãæããªããšãããããšããããŸãïŒæèšåãæ¹åã«å°ãããå察æ¹åã«å·šå€§ãªé害ç©ãäœæããããšããã ãã§ãããªãã¯ç§ãæå³ããããšãç解ããŸããæéãã®å Žåãã«ããã ã·ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã¯æ±ºããŠæé©ã§ã¯ãããŸããã
æé©ãªèšç»ïŒå¯èŠæ§ã°ã©ã
ãããŠãæé©ãªïŒæçïŒçµè·¯ã«æ²¿ã£ãé害ç©éã®åã®åãã®åé¡ã解決ããå¿ èŠãããå Žåã¯ã©ããªããŸããïŒ ãããè¡ãã«ã¯ããžãªã¡ããªã䜿çšããŠããã®åé¡ã解決ããããã®æé©ãªã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã決å®ããŸãã ãŸãã次ã®ããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ããã
- 2次å ãŠãŒã¯ãªããå¹³é¢ã§ã¯ã2ç¹éã®æççµè·¯ã¯çŽç·ã§ãã
- çŽç·ãã¹ã®ã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ã®é·ãã¯ãåã©ã€ã³ã®é·ãã®åèšã§ãã
- å€è§åœ¢ã¯çŽç·ïŒãŸãã¯ãšããžïŒã§æ§æãããŠããããã åžå€è§åœ¢ãå®å šã«ãã€ãã¹ããæçãã¹ã«ã¯ãå€è§åœ¢ã®ãã¹ãŠã®ãšããžãå«ãŸããŸãã
- éåžå€è§åœ¢ãè¿åããããã«ãæçãã¹ã«ã¯å€è§åœ¢ã®åžå ã®ãã¹ãŠã®ãšããžãå«ãŸããŸãã
- ããªãŽã³ã®ç«¯ã«æ£ç¢ºã«äœçœ®ããç¹ããã®ããªãŽã³ã«æ¥è§ŠããŸã
ãåžãããéåžãããåžå ãã®å®çŸ©ãç解ããããšã¯ããã®èšäºãç解ããäžã§ããã»ã©éèŠã§ã¯ãããŸãããããããã®å®çŸ©ã¯æé©ãªè»éèšç»ãäœæããã®ã«ååã§ãã 次ã®ããšãæ³å®ããŠã¿ãŸãããã
- ç§ãã¡ã®ãšãŒãžã§ã³ãã¯ãç¡éã«å°ããªãµã€ãºã®2次å ã®ç¹ã§ã ã
- äžçã®ãã¹ãŠã®é害ãéããããªãŽã³ã«æžããããšãã§ããŸã ã
- ãšãŒãžã§ã³ãã¯ä»»æã®æ¹åã«çŽç·ã§ç§»åã§ããŸãã
次ã«ããšãŒãžã§ã³ããç®æšãéæããããã®æé©ãªãã©ã³ãèŠã€ããäžçã®å¯èŠæ§ã®ã°ã©ããšåŒã°ãããã®ãäœæããŸãã ãžãªã¡ããªã«å ããŠãã°ã©ãã«ã€ããŠãå°ãåŠã¶å¿ èŠããããŸãã ã°ã©ãçè«ã¯ãã®èšäºã®ãããã¯ã§ã¯ãããŸããããæ¬è³ªçã«ã°ã©ãã¯ãšããžãšåŒã°ããæœè±¡çãªãªããžã§ã¯ãã«ãã£ãŠä»ã®ããŒãã«æ¥ç¶ãããæœè±¡çãªãªããžã§ã¯ãïŒ ããŒããšåŒã°ãã ïŒã®ã°ã«ãŒãã«ãããŸããã ã°ã©ãã®åã䜿çšããŠããšãŒãžã§ã³ããäœãã§ããäžçãèšè¿°ããããšãã§ããŸãã ããŒãã¯ãäœã觊ããã«ãšãŒãžã§ã³ããé 眮ã§ããå ŽæãšèšããŸãã ãšããžãšã¯ããšãŒãžã§ã³ãã移åã§ããããŒãéã®ãã¹ã§ãã
ãããåæãšããŠã次ã®ããã«å¯èŠæ§ã°ã©ããã©ã³ããŒãå®çŸ©ã§ããŸãã
: VISIBILITY GRAPH PLANNER
-
G.
-
G.
-
G.
-
.
-
G .
-
V :
-
V . , G.
-
V. , G.
-
(, A*) , .
-
å¯èŠæ§ã°ã©ãã¯æ¬¡ã®ãšããã§ãïŒïŒç Žç·ïŒ
ãããŠãæçµçãªãã¹ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«ãªããŸãã
ãšãŒãžã§ã³ãã¯ä»»æã®å Žæããä»ã®å ŽæãžçŽç·çã«ç§»åã§ãã極å°ç¹ã§ãããšããä»®å®ã«ãããã³ãŒããŒãé¡ãããã³èªç±ç©ºéãæ£ç¢ºã«ééããè»éãããããšãŒãžã§ã³ãã移åããªããã°ãªããªãè·é¢ãæå°éã«æããŸãç®æšã
ãããããšãŒãžã§ã³ãããã€ã³ãã§ãªãå Žåã¯ã©ãã§ããããïŒ ãªã¬ã³ãžã®ãã¹ãå°åœ¢ãšé·æ¹åœ¢ã®éã®ãšãŒãžã§ã³ããã©ã®ããã«å°ããã«æ³šç®ããŠãã ããã æããã«ããšãŒãžã§ã³ãã¯ãã®ã¹ããŒã¹ãçµãããšãã§ããªãããããã®åé¡ãäœããã®æ¹æ³ã§è§£æ±ºããå¿ èŠããããŸãã
1ã€ã®è§£æ±ºçã¯ããšãŒãžã§ã³ãããã€ã³ãã§ã¯ãªãããã£ã¹ã¯ã§ãããšæ³å®ããããšã§ãã ãã®å ŽåããšãŒãžã§ã³ãã®ååŸã«å¯Ÿãããã¹ãŠã®é害ãåçŽã«èšããŸããŠããšãŒãžã§ã³ãããã®è¥å€§åããäžçã®ãã€ã³ãã§ãããã®ããã«èšç»ã§ããŸãã
ãã®å ŽåããšãŒãžã§ã³ãã¯å°åœ¢ãšé·æ¹åœ¢ã®éã®ã¹ããŒã¹ã«åãŸããªããããé·æ¹åœ¢ã®å³åŽã§ã¯ãªãå·ŠåŽãžã®ãã¹ãéžæããŸãã ãã®ãèšåŒµãæäœã¯å®éã«ã¯éåžžã«éèŠã§ãã æ¬è³ªçã«ããšãŒãžã§ã³ãããã€ã³ãã§ãããšããä»®å®ãçå®ã®ãŸãŸã§ããããã«ãäžçãå€ããŸãã ã
ãã®æäœã¯ãäžçã®æ§æ空éã®èšç®ãšåŒã°ããŸã ã æ§æã¹ããŒã¹ïŒãŸãã¯Cã¹ããŒã¹ïŒã¯ããšãŒãžã§ã³ãã®æ§æãåäžã®ãã€ã³ãã§è¡šããã座æšç³»ã§ãã ã¯ãŒã¯ã¹ããŒã¹å ã®é害ç©ã¯ããšãŒãžã§ã³ããæ¡ä»¶ä»ãæ§æã«ãããšãŒãžã§ã³ãã®è¡çªããã§ãã¯ããããšã«ãããæ§æã¹ããŒã¹å ã®é害ç©ã«å€æãããŸãã ãã®æ§æã§ãšãŒãžã§ã³ããäœæ¥ã¹ããŒã¹å ã®é害ç©ã«è§ŠãããšããšãŒãžã§ã³ãã¯æ§æã¹ããŒã¹å ã®é害ç©ã«ãªããŸãã éå圢ã®ãšãŒãžã§ã³ããããå Žåãé害ç©ãèšããŸããããã«ãããããåã䜿çšããŸã
ãã³ã³ãã¹ããŒ
2次å 空éã®å Žåãããã¯éå±ã«èŠãããããããŸããããããã¯ãŸãã«é害ç©ããèšåŒµããããããã«è¡ã£ãŠããããšã§ãã æ°ãããè¥å€§åãã¹ããŒã¹ã¯ãå®éã«ã¯æ§æã¹ããŒã¹ã§ãã ããå€æ¬¡å ã®ç©ºéã§ã¯ãäºæ ã¯ããã«è€éã«ãªããŸãïŒ
å¯èŠæ§ã°ã©ããã©ã³ããŒã¯çŽ æŽããããã®ã§ãã æé©ãã€å®å šã§ããã ãã¥ãŒãªã¹ãã£ãã¯ã«äŸåããŸããã å¯èŠæ§ã°ã©ããã©ã³ããŒã®ãã1ã€ã®å€§ããªå©ç¹ã¯ãé©åºŠãªãã«ãã¯ãšãªæ©èœã§ãã ãã«ãã¯ãšãªã¹ã±ãžã¥ãŒã©ã¯ãæ°ããç®æšãåŠçãããšãã«å€ãèšç®ãåå©çšã§ããŸãã å¯èŠæ§ã°ã©ãã®å Žåãã¿ãŒã²ãããŸãã¯ãšãŒãžã§ã³ãã®å Žæãå€æŽãããšãããšãŒãžã§ã³ããšã¿ãŒã²ããããã°ã©ãã®ãšããžãåæ§ç¯ããã ãã§ãã ãããã®å©ç¹ã«ããããã®ãããªã¹ã±ãžã¥ãŒã©ã¯ã²ãŒã ããã°ã©ãã«ãšã£ãŠéåžžã«é åçã§ãã
å®éãçŸä»£ã®ã²ãŒã ã®å€ãã¯ãèšç»ã«å¯èŠæ§ã°ã©ãã䜿çšããŠããŸãã å¯èŠæ§ã°ã©ãã®ååã®äžè¬çãªããªãšãŒã·ã§ã³ã¯ã NavïŒigationïŒMeshã§ãã Nav Meshã§ã¯ãå¯èŠæ§ã®ã°ã©ããåºç€ãšããŠäœ¿çšãããããšããããŸãïŒä»ã®ãã¥ãŒãªã¹ãã£ãã¯ãšå ±ã«ãæµããªããžã§ã¯ããªã©ãŸã§ã®è·é¢ïŒã Nav Meshã¯ããã¶ã€ããŒãŸãã¯ããã°ã©ããŒã«ãã£ãŠå€æŽãããå ŽåããããŸãã åNav Meshã¯ãã¡ã€ã«ãšããŠä¿åãããåã ã®ã¬ãã«ã§äœ¿çšãããŸãã
Overlordãããªã²ãŒã ã§äœ¿çšãããNav Meshã®ã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ã·ã§ããã¯æ¬¡ã®ãšããã§ãã
ãã¹ãŠã®å©ç¹ã«ãããããããå¯èŠæ§ã°ã©ãã®æ¹æ³ã«ã¯é倧ãªæ¬ ç¹ããããŸãã ããšãã°ãå¯èŠæ§ã°ã©ãã®èšç®ã¯éåžžã«ã³ã¹ãã®ãããæäœã«ãªãå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã é害ç©ã®æ°ãå¢ãããšãå¯èŠæ§ã°ã©ãã®ãµã€ãºãèãã倧ãããªããŸãã å¯èŠæ§ã°ã©ãã®èšç®ã³ã¹ãã¯ââãé ç¹ã®æ°ã®2ä¹ãšããŠå¢å ããŸãã ããã«ãæé©æ§ãç¶æããããã«é害ç©ãå€æŽããå Žåãå¯èŠæ§ã°ã©ãã®å®å šãªåèšç®ãå¿ èŠã«ãªãå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
ã²ãŒã ããã°ã©ããŒã¯ããã¥ãŒãªã¹ãã£ãã¯ã䜿çšããŠã°ã©ãã®äœæãé«éåãããšããžãä»ããŠçµåããããšããããŒããéžæããããã®ããããçš®é¡ã®ããªãã¯ãçºæããŸããã ãŸããã²ãŒã èšèšè ã¯ãã°ã©ãå¯èŠæ§ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã®ãã³ããæäŸããŠãæåã«æ¥ç¶ããããŒãã決å®ã§ããŸãã ããããã¹ãŠã®ããªãã¯ã¯ãå¯èŠæ§ã®ã°ã©ããæé©ã§ãªããªããããã°ã©ãã®å調ãªäœæ¥ãå¿ èŠã«ãªãå Žåããããšããäºå®ã«ã€ãªãããŸãã
ãã ããå¯èŠæ§ã°ã©ãã§æãæ·±å»ãªåé¡ã¯ïŒç§ã®æèŠã§ã¯ïŒãäžè¬åãããŠããªãããšã§ãã 圌ãã¯1ã€ã®åé¡ã解決ãïŒããªãŽã³ã®é害ç©ããã2Då¹³é¢ã§èšç»ããïŒããããéåžžã«ããŸã解決ããŸãã ãããã2次å å¹³é¢äžã«ãªãå Žåã¯ã©ãã§ããããïŒ ãšãŒãžã§ã³ããåã§è¡šãããšãã§ããªãå Žåã¯ã©ããªããŸããïŒ é害ç©ãã©ããªããããããªãå ŽåããŸãã¯ããªãŽã³ã®åœ¢ã§è¡šçŸã§ããªãå Žåã¯ã©ããªããŸããïŒ ãããŠãå¯èŠæ§ã°ã©ãã䜿çšããŠãããªãã¯ãªãã§åé¡ã解決ããããšã¯ã§ããŸããã
幞ããªããšã«ããããã®åé¡ã®ããã€ãã解決ãããå®è¡ããŠå¿ãããåçã«è¿ãä»ã®æ¹æ³ããããŸãã
æ Œåã§æ€çŽ¢ïŒA *ãšãã®ããªãšãŒã·ã§ã³
å¯èŠæ§ã°ã©ãã¯ãæœè±¡çãªã°ã©ãã®æé©åæ€çŽ¢å質ãšãŠãŒã¯ãªãããžãªã¡ããªã®åºæ¬çãªã«ãŒã«ã䜿çšããããæ©èœããŸãã ãŠãŒã¯ãªãã幟äœåŠã¯ãæ€çŽ¢ã«å¯ŸããŠãåºæ¬çã«æ£ãããã°ã©ããæäŸããŸãã ãããŠãæœè±¡æ€çŽ¢èªäœãæé©åã«é¢äžããŠããŸãã
ãããããŠãŒã¯ãªãã幟äœãå®å šã«æŸæ£ããæœè±¡çãªã°ã©ããæ€çŽ¢ããããšã§åé¡å šäœãåçŽã«è§£æ±ºãããã©ãã§ããããïŒ ãããã£ãŠããžãªã¡ããªã«çŽé¢ããŠã¡ãã£ãšãŒã¿ãŒãæé€ããããŸããŸãªã¿ã€ãã®åé¡ã解決ã§ããŸãã
åé¡ã¯ãå€ãã®ç°ãªãã¢ãããŒãã䜿çšããŠã¿ã¹ã¯ãã°ã©ãæ€çŽ¢ãšãªã¢ã«è»¢éã§ããããšã§ãã ããŒãã¯äœã«ãªããŸããïŒ ãªããšã¯æ£ç¢ºã«ã¯äœã§ããïŒ ããããŒããå¥ã®ããŒãã«æ¥ç¶ãããšã¯ã©ãããæå³ã§ããïŒ ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã®ããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ã¯ããããã®è³ªåã«ã©ã®ããã«çãããã«å€§ããäŸåããŸãã
ã°ã©ãæ€çŽ¢ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ããæé©ãªãçããäžãããšããŠããããèªäœã®å éšæ§é ã«é¢ããŠã®ã¿ãæé©ãã§ãã ããã¯ãã°ã©ãæ€çŽ¢ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã«ãããæé©ãªãçããå¿ èŠãªçãã§ããããšãæå³ãããã®ã§ã¯ãããŸããã
ãããåæãšããŠãæãäžè¬çãªæ¹æ³ã§ã°ã©ããå®çŸ©ããŸãããïŒ ã°ãªãããšããŠã ä»çµã¿ã¯æ¬¡ã®ãšããã§ãã
: DISCRETIZE SPACE
-
, .
-
, .
-
, , .
-
, , , .
-
.
-
.
ãé£æ¥ãã泚æãã¹ããã1ã€ã®åŽé¢ã§ãã ã»ãšãã©ã®å Žåãã çŸåšã®ã»ã«ãšå°ãªããšã1ã€ã®å ±éã®è§åºŠãæã€ã»ã« ãïŒããã¯ããŠãŒã¯ãªããé£æ¥ããšåŒã°ããŸãïŒãŸãã¯ã çŸåšã®ã»ã«ãšå°ãªããšã1ã€ã®å ±éã®é¢ãæã€ã»ã« ãïŒããã¯ããã³ããã¿ã³é£æ¥ããšåŒã°ããŸãïŒ ïŒ ã°ã©ãæ€çŽ¢ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã«ãã£ãŠè¿ãããçãã¯ãé£æ¥å®çŸ©ã®éžæã«å€§ããäŸåããŸãã
ã±ãŒã¹ã¹ã¿ãã£ã§ã®ãµã³ããªã³ã°ã¹ããŒãžã¯æ¬¡ã®ãšããã§ãã
ãŠãŒã¯ãªããé£æ¥ã¡ããªãã¯ã«åŸã£ãŠãã®ã°ã©ããæ€çŽ¢ãããšã次ã®ãããªçµæãåŸãããŸãã
ã©ãã£ã¹æ€çŽ¢åé¡ã解決ããããã«äœ¿çšã§ããä»ã®å€ãã®ã°ã©ãæ€çŽ¢ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ããããŸãããæãäžè¬çãªã®ã¯A *ã§ãã *ã¯ãéå§ããŒãããéå§ããŠããã¥ãŒãªã¹ãã£ãã¯ã䜿çšããŠããŒãã§æ€çŽ¢ãå®è¡ãããã€ã¯ã¹ãã©ã®ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã«äŒŒãŠããŸãã A *ã¯ä»ã®å€ãã®èšäºããã¥ãŒããªã¢ã«ã§ããç 究ãããŠãããããããã§ã¯èª¬æããŸããã
A *ããã³ãã®ä»ã®ã°ãªããã°ã©ãæ€çŽ¢æ¹æ³ã¯ãã²ãŒã ã§æãäžè¬çãªã¹ã±ãžã¥ãŒãªã³ã°ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã®äžéšã§ãããé¢æ£åã°ãªããã¯ãA *ãæ§æããæãäžè¬çãªæ¹æ³ã®1ã€ã§ãã å€ãã®ã²ãŒã ã§ã¯ãã¿ã€ã«ããã¯ã»ã«ã䜿çšããŠäžçãè¡šçŸããŠãããããå€ãã®ã²ãŒã ã§ã¯ãã®æ€çŽ¢æ¹æ³ãçæ³çã§ãã
é¢æ£æ ŒåïŒA *ãå«ãïŒäžã®ã°ã©ãã®æ€çŽ¢æ¹æ³ã¯ãå éšæ§é ã«å¿ããŠæé©ã§ãã ãŸãã å®å šãªè§£å床ã§ãã ããã¯å®å šæ§ã®åŒ±ã圢åŒã§ãããã©ãã£ã¹ã®çŽ°ãããç¡éã«ãªãåŸåãããå ŽåïŒã€ãŸããã»ã«ã®ãµã€ãºãç¡éã«å°ãããªãåŸåãããå ŽåïŒãã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã¯è§£æ±ºãã¹ãåé¡ããŸããŸã解決ããŸãã
ç¹å®ã®äŸã§ã¯ãã°ãªããæ€çŽ¢æ¹æ³ã¯ãã«ãã¯ãšãªã§ã¯ãªãã·ã³ã°ã«ã¯ãšãªã§ããããã¯ãéåžžãã°ã©ãæ€çŽ¢ã§ã¯æ°ããã¿ãŒã²ããã«äžè¬åããŠæ§æãéå§ãããšãã«å€ãæ å ±ãåå©çšã§ããªãããã§ãã ãã ãããµã³ããªã³ã°æé ã¯ãã¡ããåå©çšã§ããŸãã
ã°ã©ãããŒã¹ã®ã¡ãœããã®ãã1ã€ã®éèŠãªå©ç¹ïŒç§ã®æèŠã§ã¯ãäž»ãªãã®ïŒã¯ãå®å šã«æœè±¡çã§ããããšã§ããããã¯ãè¿œå ã®ã³ã¹ãïŒå®å šæ§ãæ»ããããå¿ èŠãªãªããžã§ã¯ãã®è¿æ¥æ§ãªã©ïŒãèæ ®ããŠãèªåçã«èªååã§ããããšãæå³ããŸããããã«ããŸã£ããç°ãªãåé¡ã解決ããããã«ãåãæœè±¡ã³ãŒãã䜿çšã§ããŸããDwarfCorpã²ãŒã ã§ã¯ãã¢ãŒã·ã§ã³ãã©ã³ãã³ã°ãšã·ã³ããªãã¯ã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãã©ã³ãã³ã°ã®äž¡æ¹ã«åãA *ã¹ã±ãžã¥ãŒã©ãŒã䜿çšããŸãïŒãšãŒãžã§ã³ããæœè±¡ã°ã©ããšããŠå®è¡ã§ããã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãè¡šãããã«äœ¿çšïŒã
ãã ããã°ãªããæ€çŽ¢ã«ã¯å°ãªããšã1ã€ã®é倧ãªæ¬ é¥ããããŸããéåžžã«å€ãã®ã¡ã¢ãªãæ¶è²»ããŸãããã¹ãŠã®ããŒããæåããåçŽãªæ¹æ³ã§æ§ç¯ãããŠããå Žåãäžçã®ãµã€ãºã倧ãããªããšãã¡ã¢ãªãéåžžã«æ©ã䜿ãæããããŸããåé¡ã®å€§éšåã¯ãã°ãªããã«å€§éã®ç©ºãã¹ããŒã¹ãä¿åããå¿ èŠããããšããäºå®ã«ãããŸãããã®åé¡ãæå°éã«æããããã«ãæé©åææ³ãååšããŸãããåºæ¬çã«ã¯ãäžçã®ãµã€ãºãšåé¡ã®æ¬¡å æ°ã®å¢å ã«äŒŽããã©ãã£ã¹ã®ã¡ã¢ãªéãå€§å¹ ã«å¢å ããŸãããããã£ãŠããã®æ¹æ³ã¯ãããå€ãã®è€éãªã¿ã¹ã¯ã«ã¯é©çšã§ããŸããã
ãã®æ¹æ³ã®å¥ã®é倧ãªæ¬ ç¹ã¯ãã°ã©ãæ€çŽ¢èªäœã«ããªãæéããããããšã§ããäžçã§æ°åã®ãšãŒãžã§ã³ããåæã«ç§»åããå ŽåããŸãã¯å€ãã®é害ç©ãäœçœ®ãå€æŽããå Žåãã©ãã£ã¹ãµãŒãã¯é©çšã§ããªãå ŽåããããŸããç§ãã¡ã®ã²ãŒã DwarfCorpã§ã¯ãèšç»ã«ããã€ãã®ã¹ã¬ãããäžããããŠããŸãã倧éã®ããã»ããµæéãæ¶è²»ããŸããããªãã®å Žåããããå¯èœã§ãïŒ
管çããªã·ãŒïŒæœåšçãªæ©èœãšãããŒãã£ãŒã«ã
亀éèšç»ã®åé¡ã解決ããå¥ã®æ¹æ³ã¯ãè»éèšç»ã®ã«ããŽãªãŒã§ããã«ã€ããŠèããã®ãæ¢ããŠã管çæ¿çã®ã«ããŽãªãŒã§ãããç¥èŠãå§ããããšã§ããèŠããŠãããŠãã ãããç§ãã¡ã¯ã«ããã ã·ã®ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ãè»éãã©ã³ããŒãšããŠãç¥èŠã§ããããšãèšã£ããšçµå¶æ¹éãšããŠïŒãã®ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ãæ§æãåãåããã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ïŒãŸãã¯ãå¶åŸ¡å ¥åãïŒãè¿ãäžé£ã®ã«ãŒã«ãšããŠããªã·ãŒãå®çŸ©ããŸããã
ã«ããã ã·ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã¯ãé害ç©ã«åºããããŸã§ã¿ãŒã²ããã«åãã£ãŠç§»åããé害ç©ãæèšåãã«ãã€ãã¹ãããããšãŒãžã§ã³ãã«æ瀺ããåçŽãªç®¡çããªã·ãŒãšèããããšãã§ããŸãããšãŒãžã§ã³ãã¯ãæåéããããã®ã«ãŒã«ã«åŸããç®æšãžã®ãã¹ã«æ²¿ã£ãŠç§»åã§ããŸãã
管çããªã·ãŒã®äž»ãªå©ç¹ã¯ãäžè¬ã«äžçã®ããŒã«ã«ãªç¥è以äžã®äœããæã€ãšãŒãžã§ã³ãã«äŸåããªãããšãããã³ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãéåžžã«é«éã§ããããšã§ããæ°åïŒãŸãã¯æ°çŸäžïŒã®ãšãŒãžã§ã³ããåã管çããªã·ãŒãç°¡åã«éµå®ã§ããŸãã
ãã°ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ãããåªãã管çããªã·ãŒãèãåºãããšã¯ã§ããŸããïŒãããã®1ã€ãéåžžã«æçšãªãæœåšçãªãã£ãŒã«ãããªã·ãŒããæ€èšãã䟡å€ããããŸãã圌女ã¯ãã¿ãŒã²ããã«åŒãä»ããããé害ç©ã«ãã£ãŠã¯ããããè·é»ç²åã®åœ¢ã§ãšãŒãžã§ã³ãã®ã·ãã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ãå®è¡ããŸãã
: POTENTIAL FIELD POLICY
-
a b
-
g.
-
o.
-
o r.
-
u = a * g^ + B * r^, v^ v.
-
.
ãã®ããªã·ãŒãç解ããã«ã¯ãç·åœ¢ä»£æ°ã®ç¥èãå¿ èŠã§ããæ¬è³ªçã«ãå¶åŸ¡å ¥åä¿¡å·ã¯ãåŒåé ãšåçºé ã®2ã€ã®é ã®å éåã§ããåã¡ã³ããŒã®éã¿ã®éžæã¯ããšãŒãžã§ã³ãã®æçµçãªè»éã«å€§ãã圱é¿ããŸãã
æœåšçãªãã£ãŒã«ãããªã·ãŒã䜿çšããŠããšãŒãžã§ã³ããéåžžã«çŸå®çãã€ã¹ã ãŒãºã«ç§»åãããããšãã§ããŸãããŸããç°¡åã«æ¡ä»¶ãè¿œå ããããšãã§ããŸãïŒç®çã®ãªããžã§ã¯ããžã®è¿æ¥ãŸãã¯æµãŸã§ã®è·é¢ïŒã
æœåšçãªãã£ãŒã«ãããªã·ãŒã¯äžŠåã³ã³ãã¥ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã§éåžžã«è¿ éã«èšç®ãããããããã®æ¹æ³ã§äœåãã®ãšãŒãžã§ã³ããéåžžã«å¹æçã«å¶åŸ¡ã§ããŸãããã®ç®¡çããªã·ãŒã¯äºåã«èšç®ãããåã¬ãã«ã®ã°ãªããã«ä¿åãããåŸããã¶ã€ããŒãå¿ èŠã«å¿ããŠå€æŽã§ããå ŽåããããŸãïŒéåžžã¯ãããŒãã£ãŒã«ããšåŒã°ããŸãïŒã
äžéšã®ã²ãŒã ïŒç¹ã«æŠç¥ã²ãŒã ïŒã§ã¯ããã®æ¹æ³ãéåžžã«å¹ççã«äœ¿çšãããŸããæŠç¥ã²ãŒã ã§äœ¿çšããããããŒãã£ãŒã«ãã®äŸã次ã«ç€ºããŸãæé«åžä»€å®2ããŠããããèªç¶ã«ãäºããé¿ãã建èšãç¶æããããã«ïŒ
ãã¡ããããããŒãã£ãŒã«ããšããã³ã·ã£ã«ãã£ãŒã«ãã®æ©èœã«ã¯é倧ãªæ¬ ç¹ããããŸãããŸãããããã¯æ±ºããŠæé©ã§ã¯ãããŸããããšãŒãžã§ã³ãã¯ãã¿ãŒã²ããã«å°éããã®ã«ãããæéã«é¢ä¿ãªãããããŒãã£ãŒã«ãã«ãã£ãŠé ä¿¡ãããŸãã第äºã«ïŒãããŠãç§ã®æèŠã§ã¯ããããæãéèŠã§ãïŒããããã¯æ±ºããŠå®å šã§ã¯ãããŸããããšãŒãžã§ã³ããã¿ãŒã²ããã«å°éããåã«å¶åŸ¡å ¥åããªã»ãããããå Žåã¯ã©ããªããŸããïŒãã®å ŽåããšãŒãžã§ã³ãããããŒã«ã«ãããã ãã«éãããšèšããŸãããã®ãããªã±ãŒã¹ã¯ãŸãã«ãããªããšæããããããŸããããå®éã«ã¯éåžžã«ç°¡åã«æ§ç¯ã§ããŸãããšãŒãžã§ã³ãã®åã«å€§ããªUååã®é害ç©ã眮ãã ãã§ãã
æåŸã«ããããŒãã£ãŒã«ãããã®ä»ã®ç®¡çããªã·ãŒã®æ§æã¯éåžžã«å°é£ã§ããåã¡ã³ããŒã®éã¿ãã©ã®ããã«éžæããŸããïŒæçµçã«ã¯ãè¯ãçµæãåŸãããã«æåã§èª¿æŽããå¿ èŠããããŸãã
éåžžãèšèšè ã¯å±æçãªæå°å€ãåé¿ããããã«ãããŒãã£ãŒã«ããæåã§èª¿æŽããå¿ èŠããããŸãããã®ãããªåé¡ã¯ããããŒãã£ãŒã«ãã®äžè¬çãªã±ãŒã¹ã§èãããããŠãŒãã£ãªãã£ãå¶éããŸãããã ããå€ãã®å Žåããããã¯äŸ¿å©ã§ãã
æ§æã¹ããŒã¹ãšæ¬¡å ã®åªã
ããã§ããããªã²ãŒã ã§æãäžè¬çãª3ã€ã®ã¢ãŒã·ã§ã³ãã©ã³ãã³ã°ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ãã°ãªãããå¯èŠæ§ã°ã©ãããããŒãã£ãŒã«ãã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããŸããããããã®ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã¯éåžžã«äŸ¿å©ã§ãå®è£ ãç°¡åã§ãããªãããç解ãããŠããŸãããããã¯ãå¹³é¢ã®ãã¹ãŠã®æ¹åã«ç§»åããäžžããšãŒãžã§ã³ãã§ã®2次å åé¡ã®å Žåã«çæ³çã«æ©èœããŸãã幞ããªããšã«ããããªã²ãŒã ã®ã»ãšãã©ãã¹ãŠã®ã¿ã¹ã¯ã¯ãã®ã±ãŒã¹ã«å±ããŠãããæ®ãã¯ãã¶ã€ããŒã®å·§åŠãªããªãã¯ãšããŒãã¯ãŒã¯ã«ãã£ãŠæš¡å£ã§ããŸããããããã²ãŒã æ¥çã§éåžžã«ç©æ¥µçã«äœ¿çšãããŠããããšã¯é©ãããšã§ã¯ãããŸããã
ããããããæ°å幎ã§äº€éèšç»ã®ç 究è ã¯äœãããŠããã®ã§ããããïŒã¿ããªã«ããšãŒãžã§ã³ããåã§ã¯ãªãå Žåã¯ã©ããªããŸããïŒé£è¡æ©äžã«ãªãå Žåã¯ã©ããªããŸããïŒåœŒãã©ããªæ¹åã«ãåãããšãã§ãããïŒç®æšãé害ãåžžã«å€åããŠããå Žåã¯ã©ããªããŸããïŒãããã®è³ªåã«çããããšã¯ããã»ã©ç°¡åã§ã¯ãããŸããã
éåžžã«åçŽãªã±ãŒã¹ããå§ããŸããããããã¯ããã§ã«èª¬æããæ¹æ³ã䜿çšããŠè§£æ±ºããã®ã¯éåžžã«ç°¡åã§ããããã«èŠããŸãããæ ¹æ¬çã«å€æŽããã«ãããã®æ¹æ³ã§è§£æ±ºããããšã¯å®éã«äžå¯èœã§ãã
ãšãŒãžã§ã³ããåã§ã¯ãªãé·æ¹åœ¢ã®å Žåã¯ã©ããªããŸããïŒãšãŒãžã§ã³ãã®ããŒããŒã·ã§ã³ãéèŠãªå Žåã¯ã©ããªããŸããïŒç§ã説æããŠããåçã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«ãªããŸãã
äžèšã®å ŽåããšãŒãžã§ã³ãïŒèµ€ïŒã¯ãããããæ¹åã«ç§»åã§ããã·ã§ããã³ã°ã«ãŒãã®ãããªãã®ã§ãããšãŒãžã§ã³ãã移åããŠãã¿ãŒã²ããã®äžã«æ£ç¢ºã«é 眮ããæ£ããæ¹åã«åããããã«ããŸãã
ããã§ã¯ããããã«ããã ã·ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã䜿çšã§ããŸãããé害ç©ã«ééããªãããã«ãšãŒãžã§ã³ãã®ã¿ãŒã³ãæ éã«åŠçããå¿ èŠããããŸããç§ãã¡ã¯ããã«ã«ãŒã«ã®æ··inã«å·»ã蟌ãŸããŸãããããã¯ã©ãŠã³ããšãŒãžã§ã³ãã®å Žåã»ã©ãšã¬ã¬ã³ãã§ã¯ãããŸããã
ããããå¯èŠæ§ã°ã©ãã䜿çšããããšãããšã©ããªããŸããïŒããã«ã¯ããšãŒãžã§ã³ãããã€ã³ãã§ããå¿ èŠããããŸããã©ã®ããã«ããªãã¯ãè¡ããã©ãŠã³ããšãŒãžã§ã³ãã®ãªããžã§ã¯ããèšããŸãããèŠããŠããŸããïŒãããããã®å Žåãåæ§ã®ããšãè¡ãããšãã§ããŸãããããããªããžã§ã¯ããã©ãã ãèšåŒµãããå¿ èŠããããŸããïŒ
åçŽãªè§£æ±ºçã¯ããææªã®ã·ããªãªããéžæãããã®èšç®ã§èšç»ãèšç®ããããšã§ãããã®å Žåãåã«ãšãŒãžã§ã³ããåããããã説æããåã決å®ãããã®ãµã€ãºã®çããåã«ãšãŒãžã§ã³ããé£ããŠè¡ããŸãã次ã«ãé害ç©ãåžæã®ãµã€ãºã«èšããŸããŸãã
ããã¯æ©èœããŸãããç§ãã¡ã¯èšæºæãç ç²ã«ããªããã°ãªããŸããã解決ã§ããªãå€ãã®ã¿ã¹ã¯ããããŸããããšãã°ãé·ããŠçŽ°ããšãŒãžã§ã³ãããéµç©ŽããéãæããŠç®æšãéæããå¿ èŠãããã¿ã¹ã¯ãèããŠã¿ãŸãããã
ãã®ã·ããªãªã§ã¯ããšãŒãžã§ã³ãã¯ããŠã§ã«ã«å ¥ã£ãŠ90床å転ãã次ã®ãŠã§ã«ã«å°éããŠ90床å転ããããããé¢ããããšã§ã¿ãŒã²ããã«å°éã§ããŸããèšè¿°åã«ãããšãŒãžã§ã³ãã®æ§ãããªè¿äŒŒã§ã¯ããã®åé¡ã解決ããããšã¯äžå¯èœã§ãã
åé¡ã¯ããšãŒãžã§ã³ãæ§æã¹ããŒã¹ãé©åã«èæ ®ããªãã£ãããšã§ãããããŸã§ã¯ã2Dé害ç©ã«å²ãŸãã2Dèšç»ã«ã€ããŠã®ã¿èª¬æããŠããŸããããã®ãããªå Žåãæ§æ空éã¯2次å ã®é害ç©ããå¥ã®2次å å¹³é¢ã«ååã«å€æãããé害ç©ããèšåŒµããããå¹æã芳å¯ãããŸãã
ãããå®éã«ã¯ãããã§æ¬¡ã®ããšãèµ·ãããŸããèšç»ã¿ã¹ã¯ã«å¥ã®æ¬¡å ãè¿œå ããŸããããšãŒãžã§ã³ãã«ã¯ãxãšyã®äœçœ®ã ãã§ãªããã¿ãŒã³ããããŸããç§ãã¡ã®ã¿ã¹ã¯ã¯ãå®éã«ã¯3次å èšç»ã®ã¿ã¹ã¯ã§ããã¯ãŒã¯ã¹ããŒã¹ãšæ§æã¹ããŒã¹ã®éã®å€æã¯ãä»ã§ã¯ã¯ããã«è€éã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãã
ãã®ããã«åãããšãã§ããŸãïŒãšãŒãžã§ã³ããç¹å®ã®ã¿ãŒã³ïŒãã·ãŒã¿ããæå®ããïŒãå®äºãããšæ³åããŠãã ããã次ã«ãæå®ãããå転ã§ãšãŒãžã§ã³ããã¯ãŒã¯ã¹ããŒã¹ã®åãã€ã³ãã«ç§»åããŸãããšãŒãžã§ã³ããé害ç©ã«è§Šããå Žåããã®ãã€ã³ãã¯èšå®ã¹ããŒã¹ã§ã®è¡çªãšèŠãªãããŸããé害ç©ããªãŽã³ã®ãã®ãããªæäœã¯ããã³ã³ãã¹ããŒåã䜿çšããŠå®è£ ããããšãã§ããŸãã
äžã®å³ã§ã¯ã1人ã®ãšãŒãžã§ã³ããé害ç©ãééããŠããŸãããšãŒãžã§ã³ãã®èµ€ã茪éã¯è¡çªããŠããæ§æã瀺ããç·è²ã®èŒªéã¯è¡çªããŠããªãæ§æã瀺ããŸããããã¯åœç¶ãé害ã®å¥ã®ãèšåŒµãã«ã€ãªãããŸãããšãŒãžã§ã³ãã®ãã¹ãŠã®å¯èœãªäœçœ®ïŒxãyïŒã«å¯ŸããŠå®è¡ããå Žåãæ§æã¹ããŒã¹ã®2次å ã¹ã©ã€ã¹ãäœæããŸãã
ããã§ãã·ãŒã¿ãäžå®éã ãå¢ãããŠæäœãç¹°ãè¿ããå¥ã®2次å ã¹ã©ã€ã¹ãååŸããŸãã
ã°ã©ãçšçŽãæããããããã«ãã¹ã©ã€ã¹ãéããŠx座æšãšy座æšãæããããšãã§ããŸãã
åæ¯ãéããªãèãåããšããã®çµæããšãŒãžã§ã³ãã®3次å ã®æ§æ空éãåŸãããŸããããã¯é£ç¶çãªç«æ¹äœã§ãããã·ãŒã¿ã¯äžããäžãžãšå転ããŸããé害ç©ã¯å¥åŠãªåæ±åœ¢ã«å€ãããŸãããšãŒãžã§ã³ããšåœŒã®ç®æšã¯ããã®æ°ããå¥åŠãªç©ºéã®åãªããã€ã³ãã«ãªããŸãã
é ã«å ¥ããã®ã¯ããªãé£ããã§ãããããæå³ã§ã¯ããã®ã¢ãããŒãã¯çŸãããšã¬ã¬ã³ãã§ããå次å ãåçŽã«x座æšãšy座æšã®ãšãŒãžã§ã³ãã®äœçœ®ã§ãã2次å ã®é害ç©ãæ³åã§ããå Žåã3次å ã®é害ç©ãæ³åã§ããŸãã3çªç®ã®æ¬¡å ã¯ãšãŒãžã§ã³ãã®å転ã§ãã
ãšãŒãžã§ã³ãã«å¥ã®èªç±åºŠãè¿œå ãããå Žåã¯ã©ãããŸããïŒé·ããå¢æžããããšããŸããïŒãŸãã¯ã圌ã¯èæ ®ãããå¿ èŠãããè ãšèãæã£ãŠããŸããïŒãã®ãããªå Žåãåãããšãè¡ããŸã-æ§æã¹ããŒã¹ã«æž¬å®å€ãè¿œå ããã ãã§ãããã®æ®µéã§ã¯ãèŠèŠåããããšã¯å®å šã«äžå¯èœã«ãªããããããç解ããã«ã¯ããè¶ å¹³é¢ãããå¶çŽä»ãå€æ§äœããããã€ããŒããŒã«ããªã©ã®æŠå¿µã䜿çšããå¿ èŠããããŸãã
4次å ã®èšç»åé¡ã®äŸããšãŒãžã§ã³ãã¯ãããããæ¥ç¶ãã軞ãæã€2ã€ã®ã»ã°ã¡ã³ãã§æ§æãããŸãã
ãšãŒãžã§ã³ãã3D空éã®åãªããã€ã³ãã«ãªã£ãã®ã§ãåŸæ¥ã®ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã䜿çšããŠãéåèšç»ã®åé¡ã®è§£æ±ºçãèŠã€ããããšãã§ããŸããå¿ èŠã«å¿ããŠãæ°ãã3D空éã«ãã¯ã»ã«ã®ã°ãªãããäœæããA *ã䜿çšã§ããŸããèããŠã¿ããšãæ§æ空éã®è¡šçŸãå€è§åœ¢ã¡ãã·ã¥ãšããŠèŠã€ãã3Dã®å¯èŠæ§ã°ã©ãã䜿çšããããšãã§ããŸãã
åæ§ã«ãä»ã®ãã£ã¡ã³ã·ã§ã³ã«ã€ããŠã¯ã次ã®ããšãã§ããŸãã
- ãšãŒãžã§ã³ããšé害ç©ã®æ§æã¹ããŒã¹ãèšç®ããŸãã
- ãã®ã¹ããŒã¹ã§A *ãŸãã¯Nav Meshãå®è¡ããŸãã
æ®å¿µãªããããããã®æäœã«ã¯2ã€ã®å€§ããªåé¡ããããŸãã
- N- NP- .
- N- NP- .
ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãµã€ãšã³ã¹ã®å°éçšèªã§ãããNP-complexãã¯ãã¿ã¹ã¯ãå¢å ããã«ã€ããŠææ°é¢æ°çã«è€éã«ãªããä»ã®å€ãã®çè«çå°é£ã䌎ãããšãæå³ããŸãã
å®éã«ã¯ãããã¯ãèšç»ã¿ã¹ã¯ã«æž¬å®å€ãè¿œå ãå§ãããšãããã«èšç®èœåãŸãã¯ã¡ã¢ãªããããã¯ãã®äž¡æ¹ã䜿ãæããããšãæå³ããŸãããã®åé¡ã¯ã次å ã®åªããšããŠç¥ãããŠããŸãã 3次å ã§ã¯ãA *ã§å¯Ÿå¿ã§ããŸããã4ã5ããŸãã¯6次å ã«éãããšããã«ãA *ã¯ããã«åœ¹ã«ç«ããªããªããŸãïŒMaxim Likhachevã«ããæè¿ã®ç 究ã«ãããããããååãªäœæ¥ãä¿èšŒã§ããŸããïŒã
6次å èšç»åé¡ã®æãåçŽãªäŸã¯ãããã¢ããåããã¿ã¹ã¯ããèšãåãïŒç«äœãªããžã§ã¯ãïŒãã¢ããªã©ïŒã3D空éã§ãã€ã³ãAãããã€ã³ãBã«ç§»åããæ¹æ³ãã©ã®æ¹åã«ã移åããã³å転ã§ããå Žåã¯ïŒ
OMPL ãããã¢ãã移åããã¿ã¹ã¯ã®äŸ
é©ãã¹ãããšã«ããã®åçŽãã«ããããããããã®ã¿ã¹ã¯ã¯äœå幎ãæªè§£æ±ºã®ãŸãŸã§ãã
ãã®ãããã²ãŒã ã¯åºæ¬çã«åçŽãª2次å ã®åé¡ã«æºæ ããä»ã®ãã¹ãŠãã·ãã¥ã¬ãŒãããŸãïŒãã¢ããåãããããªè§£æ±ºçãããå Žåã§ãã3次å ã²ãŒã ã®AIã®åºæ¬çãªéšåã®ããã§ãïŒã
æªè§£æ±ºã®åé¡
70幎代ããã³80幎代ãã¢ãŒã·ã§ã³ãã©ã³ãã³ã°ã®ç 究ã¯ãæ§æã¹ããŒã¹ãèšç®ããé«éãªæ¹æ³ãšããã€ãã®ãã©ã³ãã³ã°ã¿ã¹ã¯ã®æ¬¡å ãåæžããããã®åªããå§çž®ãã¥ãŒãªã¹ãã£ãã¯ã«éç¹ã眮ããŠããŸãããæ®å¿µãªããããããã®ç 究ã¯ãå€æ°ã®æ¬¡å ã®åé¡ã«å¯ŸããåçŽã§äžè¬çãªè§£æ±ºçã®äœæã«ã¯ã€ãªãããŸããã§ãããç¶æ³ã¯ãããããå·¥åŠã®ç 究è ãäžè¬çãªå€æ¬¡å åé¡ã®è§£æ±ºã®é²å±ãåããå§ããªãã£ã90幎代ãšãŒãã®å§ãŸããŸã§å€ãããŸããã§ããã
ä»æ¥ãå€æ¬¡å 空éã§ã®èšç»ã¯ãã¯ããã«ããç 究ãããŠããŸããããã¯ãã¹ãŠãã©ã³ãã ã¹ã±ãžã¥ãŒã©ãšé«éãã©ãã¯ãªããã£ãã€ã¶ãŒãšãã 2ã€ã®äž»ãªçºèŠã®ãããã§èµ·ãããŸããããããã«ã€ããŠã¯ã次ã®ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã§èª¬æããŸãã
ã«ãŒããèŠã€ããããšãšäº€éãèšç»ããããšã®éã
ãã®èšäºã®ãã©ãããå ¬éããåŸãäžéšã®èªè ã¯ç§ã®çšèªã«æ··ä¹±ããŠããããšã«æ°ä»ããŸãããã²ãŒã éçºã«é¢ããæç®ã§ã¯ããã€ã³ãAãããã€ã³ãBã«ç§»åããã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã¯éåžžãéãèŠã€ããããšåŒã°ããç§ã¯ãããã移åãèšç»ããããšåŒã³ãŸãããæ¬è³ªçã«ãã¢ãŒã·ã§ã³ãã©ã³ãã³ã°ã¯ããã倧ããªæ¬¡å ã®ã¹ããŒã¹ïŒããšãã°ãã¿ãŒã³ããã³ãžïŒãèæ ®ããããã€ã³ãããšããã¹ãã®ããç·©ãããªå®çŸ©ã«ãããã¹æ€çŽ¢ã®äžè¬åã§ãã
ã¢ãŒã·ã§ã³ãã©ã³ãã³ã°ã¯ããšãŒãžã§ã³ãã®èšå®ã¹ããŒã¹ã§ãã¹ãæ€çŽ¢ããããšãšããŠç解ã§ããŸãã
ã©ã³ãã èšç»ïŒç¢ºççããŒããããïŒPRMïŒ
å€æ¬¡å èšç»åé¡ã«å¯Ÿããæåã®äžè¬çãªè§£æ±ºçã®1ã€ã¯ã確ççããŒãããããšåŒã°ããŸããããã²ãŒã·ã§ã³ã¡ãã·ã¥ãšå¯èŠæ§ã°ã©ãã®ã¢ã€ãã¢ãåçšããã©ã³ãã æ§ãšããå¥ã®ã³ã³ããŒãã³ããè¿œå ããŸãã
æåã«ãããã€ãã®èæ¯æ å ±ã玹ä»ããŸããå€æ¬¡å 空éã§ã®èšç»ã®æãè€éãªåŽé¢ã¯ãæ§æ空éãèšç®ããŠããããã®ç©ºéãéãæé©ãªãã¹ãèŠã€ããããšã§ããããšãæ¢ã«ç¥ã£ãŠããŸãã
PRMã¯ãæ§æ空éãèšç®ãããšããèããå®å šã«æåŠããæé©æ§ã®åçãå¿ããããšã«ããããããã®åé¡ã®äž¡æ¹ã解決ããŸãããã®ã¢ãããŒãã§ã¯ãè·é¢ãã¥ãŒãªã¹ãã£ãã¯ã䜿çšããŠç©ºéã®å¯èŠæ§ã®ã°ã©ããã©ã³ãã ã«äœæããããã®å¯èŠæ§ã®ã°ã©ãã§ãœãªã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ãæ€çŽ¢ãããŸãããŸãããšãŒãžã§ã³ãæ§æã®è¡çªãã§ãã¯ãæ¯èŒçç°¡åã«å®è¡ã§ãããšä»®å®ããããšãã§ããŸãã
ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã å šäœã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«ãªããŸãã
: PROBABALISTIC ROAD MAP (PRM)
-
G
-
G .
-
N :
-
R. .
-
R, .
-
, R G.
-
G, d R.
-
N,
-
R N
-
, G.
-
A* .
-
-
èŠããã«ãå段éã§ã©ã³ãã ãã€ã³ããäœæããã°ã©ãã®ã©ã®ããŒãããèŠãããããã€ãŸããæ°ããããŒããšã°ã©ãå ã®é£æ¥ããŒãã®éã«çŽç·ãåŒãããšãã§ãããã©ããã«åºã¥ããŠãã°ã©ãå ã®é£æ¥ããŒããšæ¥ç¶ããŸãã ã
ããã¯å¯èŠæ§ã°ã©ãã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã«éåžžã«äŒŒãŠããããšãããã«ããããŸãããã ããããã¹ãŠã®é害ç©ããŸãã¯ãåé ç¹ãã«ã€ããŠã¯èšåããŸããããã¡ããããã®ãããªèšç®ã¯NPå®å šã§ãã
代ããã«ãPRMã¯ãããã«ãã£ãŠäœæãããã©ã³ãã ã°ã©ãã®æ§é ãšé£æ¥ããŒãéã®è¡çªã®ã¿ãèæ ®ããŸãã
PRMã®ç¹æ§
ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã¯ãã¯ãæé©ã§ã¯ãªããå®å šã§ã¯ãªãããšããã§ã«è¿°ã¹ãŸããããããããã®ããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ã«ã€ããŠã¯äœãèšããŸããïŒ
PRMã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã¯ãããããã ". , N , PRM , . ( ), PRM . , , .
PRM . PRM ( N ) , PRM .
ãæ³åã®ãšããããã®ã©ã³ãã æ§ã«ãããPRMã¯éåžžã«ããé·ãå±éºãªãã¹ãäœæããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãããã®ç¹ã§ãPRMã¯æ±ºããŠæé©ã§ã¯ãããŸããã
åºæ¬çã«ãNav Meshã®å¯èŠæ§ã°ã©ããšåæ§ã«ãPRMã¯ãã«ãã¯ãšãªã¹ã±ãžã¥ãŒã©ã§ããããã«ããããšãŒãžã§ã³ãã¯è€æ°ã®ã¹ã±ãžã¥ãŒãªã³ã°ãªã¯ãšã¹ãã«å¯ŸããŠã©ã³ãã ã°ã©ããå¹ççã«åå©çšã§ããŸããã¬ãã«èšèšè ã¯ãã¬ãã«ããšã«1ã€ã®PRMãçŒãããšãã§ããŸãã
ãªãäºæ ã§ããïŒ
PRMïŒããã³ãã®ä»ã®ã©ã³ãã åã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ïŒã®æãéèŠãªããªãã¯ã¯ãæ瀺çã«ã§ã¯ãªããçµ±èšçã«æ§æã¹ããŒã¹ãè¡šãããšã§ããããã«ãããã¹ããŒãã®ããã«ãœãªã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®æé©æ§ãç ç²ã«ããŠãããããååšããå Žåã«ãããªãè¯ãã決å®ãäžãããšãã§ããŸããããã¯ãããã°ã©ããŒããœãªã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ãè¿ãåã«ã¹ã±ãžã¥ãŒã©ãŒãå®äºããå¿ èŠãããäœæ¥éã決å®ã§ãããããéåžžã«åŒ·åãªããŒã«ã§ãããã®ããããã£ã¯ããªã¢ã«ã¿ã€ã å®è¡ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ããããã£ãšåŒã°ããŸãã
æ¬è³ªçã«ãPRMã®è€éãã¯ãæ§æã¹ããŒã¹ã®æ¬¡å æ°ã®å¢å ã§ã¯ãªãããµã³ãã«æ°ãšè·é¢ãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãŒdã®å¢å ãšãšãã«å¢å ããŸããããããåé¡ã®æ¬¡å ã倧ãããªãã«ã€ããŠææ°é¢æ°çã«æéããããA *ãŸãã¯å¯èŠæ§ã°ã©ããšæ¯èŒããŠãã ããã
ãã®æ©èœã«ãããPRMã¯æ°çŸã®ãã£ã¡ã³ã·ã§ã³ã§è¿ éã«èšç»ã§ããŸãã
PRMã®çºæ以æ¥ããã®å¹çãèè£ ããããã¹ã®å質ãããã³äœ¿ãããããåäžãããã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã®ããŸããŸãªããªãšãŒã·ã§ã³ãææ¡ãããŠããŸããã
ã©ã³ãã åãããããªãŒã®ã©ã³ãã åæ¢çŽ¢ïŒRRTïŒ
PRMãã«ãã¿ã¹ã¯ãäžèŠãªå ŽåããããŸããå€ãã®å Žåã以åã®èšç»èŠæ±ã«ã€ããŠäœãç¥ããã«ããã€ã³ãAãããã€ã³ãBã«ç§»åããããšããå§ãããŸããããšãã°ãã¹ã±ãžã¥ãŒãªã³ã°ãªã¯ãšã¹ãéã®ç°å¢ãå€æŽãããå Žåã以åã®ã¹ã±ãžã¥ãŒãªã³ã°ãªã¯ãšã¹ãããä¿åãããæ å ±ãåäœæããããããåã«ãŒãããåã¹ã±ãžã¥ãŒã«ããæ¹ãè¯ãå ŽåããããŸãã
ãã®ãããªå Žåããã€ã³ãAãããã€ã³ãBãžã®ç§»åãäžåºŠã ãèšç»ããããšããäºå®ãèæ ®ããŠãã©ã³ãã ã°ã©ããäœæããèãæ¹ãå€æŽã§ããŸãããããå®è£ ãã1ã€ã®æ¹æ³ã¯ãã°ã©ããããªãŒã«çœ®ãæããããšã§ãã
ããªãŒã¯ãããŒããã芪ããšãåãã«é 眮ãããç¹å¥ãªã¿ã€ãã®ã°ã©ãã§ãããããããªãŒå ã®åããŒãã«ã¯ã芪ããŒãã1ã€ãš0å以äžã®åããããŸãã
移åèšç»ãããªãŒãšããŠã©ã®ããã«è¡šçŸã§ããããèŠãŠã¿ãŸããããæ§æ空éãäœç³»çã«èª¿æ»ãããšãŒãžã§ã³ããæ³åããŠãã ããã
ãšãŒãžã§ã³ããäœããã®ç¶æ ã«ããå ŽåãçŸåšã®ç¶æ ïŒãŸãã¯ããã®å Žåã¯ç¡éã®ç¶æ ïŒãã移è¡ã§ããç¶æ ãä»ã«ãããã€ããããŸãããããã®ç¶æ ã®ããããããã圌ã¯ä»ã®ç¶æ ã«è¡ãããšãã§ããŸãïŒãããã圌ã¯ãã§ã«åœŒãæ¥ãç¶æ ã«ããã®ã§ãæ»ããŸããïŒã
ãšãŒãžã§ã³ããååšããç¶æ ãã芪ãããŒããšããŠä¿åãããšãŒãžã§ã³ãããããã移åãããã¹ãŠã®ç¶æ ããåãããŒããšããŠä¿åããå ŽåããšãŒãžã§ã³ãã®çŸåšã®ç¶æ ãããã¹ãŠã®å Žæã«æé·ããããªãŒã®ãããªæ§é ã圢æã§ããŸãããšãŒãžã§ã³ããæœåšçã«èŠã€ããããšãã§ããŸããé ããæ©ããããšãŒãžã§ã³ãããªãŒã¯ãããã¿ãŒã²ããã®ç¶æ ã«å°ãã解決çãèŠã€ããŸãã
ãã®ã¢ã€ãã¢ã¯ãç¶æ ãäœç³»çã«æ¡åŒµããããããããªãŒã®ãããªæ§é ã«è¿œå ããA *ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã«éåžžã«äŒŒãŠããŸãïŒæè¡çãªèŠ³ç¹ãããæåé埪ç°ã°ã©ãã«ïŒãã¿ãŒã²ããã®æ§æãéæããããã«ããšãŒãžã§ã³ãã®åææ§æããããªãŒ
ãã©ã³ãã ã«æé·ãããããšã¯ã§ããŸããïŒ
2ã€ã®ã¯ã©ã¹ã®ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ããã®åé¡ã解決ããããšããŸããã©ã¡ãã90幎代åŸåãšãŒãåæã«çºæãããŸããã 1ã€ã®ã¢ãããŒãã¯ãäžå¿ãã§ã-ããªãŒå ã®ã©ã³ãã ããŒããéžæããã©ã³ãã ãªæ¹åã«æé·ããŸãããã®ã¯ã©ã¹ã®ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã¯ãESTããã€ãŸããæ¡åŒµã¹ããŒã¹ããªãŒãïŒãæ¡åŒµå¯èœãªç©ºéããªãŒãïŒãšåŒã°ããŸãã 2çªç®ã®ã¢ãããŒãã¯ããµã³ãã«æåãã§ããããã¯ã空éå ã®ããŒãã®ã©ã³ãã ãªéžæããå§ãŸãããã®ã©ã³ãã ãªãµã³ãã«ã®æ¹åã«æãè¿ãããŒããæé·ãããŸãããã®ã¿ã€ãã®ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã¯ããRRTãïŒãã©ã³ãã åãããããªãŒã®è¿ éãªæ¢çŽ¢ãããã©ã³ãã åãããããªãŒã®ã©ã³ãã ãªèª¿æ»ãïŒãšåŒã°ããŸãã
äžè¬ã«ãRRTã¯ESTãããã¯ããã«åªããŠããŸãããçç±ã®èª¬æã¯ãã®èšäºã®ç¯å²å€ã§ãã
RRTã®ä»çµã¿ã¯æ¬¡ã®ãšããã§ãã
: RAPIDLY EXPLORING RANDOMIZED TREE (RRT)
-
T.
-
T .
-
N ,
-
R.
-
T R . K.
-
K R , :
-
.
-
T .
-
d K, .
-
-
-
d , .
äžã®å³ã¯ãå®è¡äžã®ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã®1ã€ã®ã¹ããããã»ãŒç€ºããŠããŸããã©ã³ãã ãµã³ãã«ïŒãªã¬ã³ãžãrïŒãååŸããããã«æãè¿ãããŒãïŒé»ãkïŒãèŠã€ããŠãã©ã³ãã ãµã³ãã«ã®ãæ¹åã®ã¹ãããããåã1ã€ä»¥äžã®æ°ããããŒããè¿œå ããŸãã
ããªãŒã¯ãç®æšã«éãããŸã§ã©ã³ãã ã«æé·ãç¶ããŸãããŸããã¿ãŒã²ãããã©ã³ãã ã«éžæããŠãçŽç·ãæãããã«ç±å¿ã«è©Šã¿ãŸããå®éã«ã¯ãã¿ãŒã²ããããµã³ãã«ã«é¥ã確çã¯ãæ§æã¹ããŒã¹ã®ä¹±éãã«å¿ããŠããããã30ïŒ ãã80ïŒ ã®ç¯å²ã«ãªããŸãã
RRTã¯æ¯èŒçåçŽã§ãããããã¯ã»ãã®æ°è¡ã®ã³ãŒãã§å®è£ ã§ããŸãïŒããªãŒå ã§æãè¿ãããŒããç°¡åã«èŠã€ããããšãã§ãããšä»®å®ïŒã
RRTããããã£
ãããããRRTã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã確ççã«å®å šã§ããããšã«é©ããªãã§ããããæé©ã§ã¯ãããŸããïŒå€ãã®å Žåãé床ã«æé©ã§ã¯ãããŸããïŒã
ãããããããã¥ã¬ãŒã¿ãŒã¯ãéåžžã«å€æ¬¡å ã®ã·ã¹ãã ãšèŠãªãããŸãããã®å Žåããããã7ã€ã®ãã³ãžãåãã2ã€ã®ãããã¥ã¬ãŒã¿ãŒããããåäžãã³ãžã®ã¯ã€ã€ãŒã«ãã¿ãŒãä¿æããŠããŸããã·ã¹ãã ã¯15次å ã§ããéåèšç»ã®çŸä»£ã®ç 究ã¯ããã®ãããªå€æ¬¡å ã·ã¹ãã ãç 究ããŠããŸãã
ãŸããRRTã¯åçŽã§ãããããéåžžã¯éåžžã«é«éã§ãïŒå°ãªããšãå€æ¬¡å ã·ã¹ãã ã®å ŽåïŒãæéã®RRTããªãšãŒã·ã§ã³ã䜿çšãããšã7次å 以äžã®å€æ¬¡å ã·ã¹ãã ã®ãœãªã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ãããªç§åäœã§èŠã€ãããŸãã枬å®ã®æ°ãæ°åã«éãããšãRRTã¯éåžžããã®ãããªåé¡ã解決ããäžã§ä»ã®ãã¹ãŠã®ãã©ã³ããŒãäžåããŸããããããããã¯ãç 究è ã®ã³ãã¥ããã£ã§ãéããå€æ¬¡å èšç»æ段ããšãæ€èšãã䟡å€ãããç§ãŸãã¯ãã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã®ãã€ãã©ã€ã³å šäœã7ã€ã®æ¬¡å ã§å®äºãããã20 å以äžã®æ¬¡å ã§æ倧1 åéå®äºããŸãããã®çç±ã¯ãRRTãã¹ã¯å€ãã®å ŽåãçŽæ¥äœ¿çšããã«ã¯ã²ã©ãããŠãé·ãååŠçã¹ããããçµãå¿ èŠãããããã§ããããã¯ãA *ã䜿çšããããã°ã©ãã«è¡æãäžããå¯èœæ§ããããŸããA*ã¯ã2次å ã®åé¡ã®è§£æ±ºçãããªç§åäœã§è¿ããŸãããããã7次å ã®ã¿ã¹ã¯ã«å¯ŸããŠA *ãå®è¡ããŠã¿ãŠãã ãã-ãœãªã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ãè¿ãããããšã¯ãããŸããïŒ
RRTã®ããªãšãŒã·ã§ã³
RRTã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã®çºæãšãã®å€§æåã®åŸãä»ã®é åã«æ¡åŒµããããããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ãåäžãããããã«å€ãã®è©Šã¿ãè¡ãããŸãããç¥ã£ãŠãã䟡å€ã®ããRRTããªãšãŒã·ã§ã³ã®äžéšã次ã«ç€ºããŸã
ãRRTConnect-æåãšç®æšãã2æ¬ã®æšãæé·ãããã©ã³ãã ãªééã§çŽç·ã§ããããæ¥ç¶ããããšããŸããç§ã®ç¥ãéããããã¯æž¬å®åæ°ãå€ãã¿ã¹ã¯ã®æéã®ã¹ã±ãžã¥ãŒã©ãŒã§ããããã«ãç§ãäœæããRRTæ¥ç¶å®è£ ã®çŸããå³ã瀺ããŸãïŒçœ-é害ç©ãé-空ãé åïŒïŒ
RRT * -ãã®10幎ã§çºæãããŸãããããªãŒã®ãªãã©ã³ã¹ã«ããæé©æ§ã®ä¿èšŒãRRTConnectãããæ°ååé ãã
T-RRT âã³ã¹ãé¢æ°ã®åŸé ã調ã¹ãããšã«ãããé«å質ã®RRTãã¹ãäœæããããšããŸãã
å¶çŽä»ãRRT-ä»»æã®å¶éïŒè·é¢ãã³ã¹ããªã©ã®å¶éãªã©ïŒã§èšç»ã§ããŸããRRTããé ãããããã»ã©ã§ã¯ãªãã
ãããã€ãããã¯RRT-æ§æã¹ããŒã¹ã§ã¯ãªããå ¥åå¶åŸ¡ä¿¡å·ã®ã¹ããŒã¹ã§èšç»ãå®è¡ããŸããè»ãã«ãŒããè¹ããã®ä»ã®ãšãŒãžã§ã³ããé çªãèªç±ã«å€ããããªãããã«èšç»ããããšãã§ããŸããDARPAã°ã©ã³ããã£ã¬ã³ãžã§ç©æ¥µçã«äœ¿çšãããŠããŸãããããã€ããã¯ã¹ä»¥å€ã®ãã©ã³ããŒãããã¯ããã«é ãã§ãã
é¢æ£RRTã¯ãã¡ãã·ã¥çšã®RRTã®å®è£ ã§ãã2次å 空éã§ã¯é床ãA *ã«å¹æµââãã3Dã§ã¯å€æ¬¡å ã·ã¹ãã ã§ãããããé«éã§ãã
DARRT - 2012幎ã«çºæãããŸãããã·ã³ããªãã¯ã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãèšç»ããããã®RRTã®å®è£ ïŒä»¥åã¯A *ã®ç¯å²ãšèŠãªãããŠããŸããïŒã
ãã¹ã®åæãšæé©å
ã©ã³ãã åãããã¹ã±ãžã¥ãŒã©ã¯æé©æ§ãä¿èšŒããªããããããããäœæããè»è·¡ã¯éåžžã«ã²ã©ããã®ã«ãªãå¯èœæ§ããããŸãããããã£ãŠãã©ã³ãã åãããã¹ã±ãžã¥ãŒã©ã«ãã£ãŠäœæããããšãŒãžã§ã³ãã«çŽæ¥äœ¿çšãã代ããã«ããã£ã¬ã¯ããªã¯å€ãã®å Žåãå質ãåäžãããè€éãªæé©åã®æ®µéã«ç§»è¡ãããŸããä»æ¥ããã®ãããªæé©åæé ã¯ãã©ã³ãã åããããã©ã³ããŒã®ãã©ã³ãã³ã°æéã®å€§éšåãå ããŠããŸãããããæ°ããªç§ã§å¯èœãªãã¹ãè¿ãããã«7次å RRTãå¿ èŠã«ãªãå ŽåããããŸãããæçµãã¹ãæé©åããã«ã¯æ倧5ç§ãããå ŽåããããŸãã
äžè¬çãªå Žåããã©ãžã§ã¯ããªãªããã£ãã€ã¶ãŒã¯ãåæãã©ãžã§ã¯ããªãšã³ã¹ãé¢æ°ãååŸããã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã§ãããæäœãã©ãžã§ââã¯ããªãæã€ããã«åæãã©ãžã§ã¯ããªãå€æŽããŸããããšãã°ãå¿ èŠãªã³ã¹ãé¢æ°ããã¹ã®é·ããæå°ã«ããããšã§ããå Žåããã®é¢æ°ã®ãªããã£ãã€ã¶ãŒã¯å ã®ãã¹ãååŸãããã®ãã¹ãçãããããã«å€æŽããŸãããã®ã¿ã€ãã®ãªããã£ãã€ã¶ãŒã¯ããã©ãžã§ã¯ããªãŒã·ã§ãŒãã«ãã¿ãŒãšåŒã°ããŸãã
æãäžè¬çã§éåžžã«ã·ã³ãã«ãªãã¹ã«ãã¿ãŒïŒã確ççäžæã«ãã¿ãŒããšåŒã°ãã確ççãã«ã¯ã©ã€ãã³ã°ã·ã§ãŒãã«ãã¿ãŒïŒã¯ã次ã®ããã«æ©èœããŸãã
: Stochastic Hill Climbing Shortcutter
-
N :
-
T ( t1 t2)
-
t1 t2 , .
-
, t1 t2
-
, T t1 t2,
-
-
ãã®è»è·¡ã«ãã¿ãŒã¯ããã·ã§ãŒããã¹ãã®æŠå¿µãä»ã®ã³ã¹ãé¢æ°ïŒããšãã°ãé害ç©ããã®è·é¢ãæ»ããããå®å šæ§ãªã©ïŒã«çœ®ãæããããšã§ç°¡åã«å€æã§ããŸããæéãçµã€ã«ã€ããŠãè»éã¯ã³ã¹ãé¢æ°ã®ã極å°ããšåŒã°ãããã®ã«åé¡ãããŸããè»éã®é·ãïŒãŸãã¯ã³ã¹ãïŒã¯æžå°ããªããªããŸãã
説æããäžæãããã¯ããã«é«éã«åäœãããããæŽç·Žãããè»éãªããã£ãã€ã¶ãŒããããŸãããã®ãããªãªããã£ãã€ã¶ãŒã¯ãå€ãã®å Žåãèšç»ã¿ã¹ã¯ã®ç¯å²ã«é¢ããç¥èã䜿çšããŠäœæ¥ãã¹ããŒãã¢ããããŸãã
èšç»ãã¹ã®æé©å
å€æ¬¡å ã¢ãŒã·ã§ã³ãã©ã³ãã³ã°ã®åé¡ã解決ãããã1ã€ã®æ¹æ³ã¯ãã空éãæ€çŽ¢ããããšããã¢ã€ãã¢ããé¢ããŠãã¹ãèŠã€ããããšã§ãã代ããã«ããã¹ã®æé©åã«çŽæ¥çŠç¹ãåãããŸãã
è»è·¡ãçãããããä»ã®åºæºãæºããããã«è»éãæé©åã§ãããšããã®ãæ¬åœãªããçŽæ¥æé©åã䜿çšããŠåé¡å šäœã解決ããããšã¯å¯èœã§ããïŒ
æé©åã䜿çšããŠãã©ã³ãã³ã°ã®åé¡ãçŽæ¥è§£æ±ºããã¢ãŒã·ã§ã³ãã©ã³ããŒãå€æ°ããŸããéåžžããã®ããã«ããããã¯ãã©ã¡ããªãã¯ã¢ãã«ã䜿çšããŠè»è·¡ãè¡šããã¢ãã«ã®ãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãŒã極å°å€ã«éãããŸã§ã€ã³ããªãžã§ã³ãã«å€æŽããŸãã
ãã®ããã»ã¹ãå®è£ ãã1ã€ã®æ¹æ³ã¯ãåŸé éäžæ³ãšåŒã°ããŸãã . C(T) , T â , D_C(T) , , .
. :
: Gradient Descent Trajectory Optimizer
-
, .
-
. T_0.
-
, , , .
-
, - . , , 3.
-
4.
-
, .
«» , . , . ( ).
ç»åã§ã¯ããã€ã³ãã®åŸé ã*è² *ã³ã¹ãé¢æ°ã®åŸé ãè¡šããŠããããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ããïŒ
å®éã«ã¯ãèšç»ãšããŠã®è»éã®æé©åã¯ããªãé£ãããæ··ä¹±ãããããã¯ã§ããããã®èšäºã§ã¯å€æããã®ãå°é£ã§ããè»éã®åŸé ã®èšç®ã¯æ¬åœã«äœãæå³ããŸããïŒã©ããŒããŒããšããŠã®è»è·¡ã®èªèãšã¯ã©ãããæå³ã§ããïŒå€å解æã«é¢é£ãããããã®è³ªåã«ã¯éåžžã«è€éãªçãããããŸãã
çµè·¯æé©åã¯ãå€æ¬¡å 亀éèšç»ã®ããã®ã©ã³ãã åãããæ€çŽ¢ãã©ã³ããŒã®åŒ·åãªä»£æ¿æ段ã§ããããšãç¥ãã ãã§ååã§ãããããã®å©ç¹ã¯ã䞊å€ããæè»æ§ãæé©æ§ã®çè«çä¿èšŒãéåžžã«é«ããã¹å質ããã³çžå¯Ÿé床ã§ãã
ChompãŸã§ãæ絊ã¯ã©ãïŒã®äœåããã€ã©ã¹ãã䜿çšãããããããã©ã¬ã³ããã¢ã«ïŒ
è¿å¹Žã§ã¯ãéåžžã«é«éãªãªããã£ãã€ã¶è»éã®ãã¹ãã¯ãå€æ¬¡å ã®åé¡ã解決ããã«ã¯ã匷åãªç«¶äºçžæã®RRTãšPRMãšãªã£ãŠããŸãããããã®1ã€ã§ããCHOMPã¯ãåŸé éäžæ³ãšè·é¢ãã£ãŒã«ãã䜿çšããé害ç©ã®ã¹ããŒããªè¡šçŸã䜿çšããŸãããã1ã€ã®TrajOptã¯ãåžéåã®åœ¢ã§é害ç©ãæ瀺ããé次2次èšç»æ³ã䜿çšããŸãã
åãäžããªãã£ãéèŠãªãããã¯
ç§ãèšã£ãããšã«å ããŠããŸã çè«çãªéåèšç»ã®äžçããããŸããä»ã«äœããããç°¡åã«èª¬æããŸãã
éãããããã¯èšç»
ãšãŒãžã§ã³ããä»»æã®æ¹åã«ä»»æã®é床ã§ç§»åã§ããå Žåã®ã¿ãèæ ®ããŸãããããããããã§ãªãå Žåã¯ã©ããªããŸããïŒããšãã°ãè»ã¯æšªã«ã¹ã©ã€ãã§ããŸããããååŸã«ç§»åããå¿ èŠããããŸãããã®ãããªå Žåã¯ããéãããããã¯ãèšç»ã¿ã¹ã¯ãšåŒã°ããŸãããã®ã¿ã¹ã¯ã«ã¯ããã€ãã®è§£æ±ºçããããŸãããã©ããé«éã§ã¯ãããŸããïŒçŸä»£ã®ã«ãŒãã©ã³ããŒã®å¹³åèšç»ãèšç®ããã®ã«æ倧1 åããããŸãã
å¶éä»ãèšç»
éãããããã¯èšç»ãšã¯ããå¶çŽä»ãèšç»ã¿ã¹ã¯ããšåŒã°ããããã«å¥ã®ã¿ã¹ã¯ã»ãããæããŸãã移åã®å¶éã«å ããŠããšãŒãžã§ã³ãã®ç©ççæ§æããšãŒãžã§ã³ãã移åã«äœ¿çšããæ倧åããŸãã¯ãšãŒãžã§ã³ããé害ç©ä»¥å€ã®ç©äœã«ãã£ãŠå¶éãããé åã«ãå¶éããããŸããå¶éä»ãã®äžè¬åãããèšç»ã«ã¯å€ãã®è§£æ±ºçããããŸãããé«éãªãã®ã¯ãããããã§ãã
æéèšç»
å¥ã®æ¬¡å ãšããŠèšç»ã«æéãè¿œå ããŠããšãŒãžã§ã³ãã移åããã¿ãŒã²ããã远跡ãããã移åããé害ç©ãåé¿ãããã§ããããã«ããŸããæ£ããå®è£ ãããšããã®ãããªææ³ã¯é©ãã¹ãçµæãããããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãããã ãããšãŒãžã§ã³ãã¯ãã°ãã°æªæ¥ãäºæž¬ã§ããªãããããã®åé¡ã¯æ±ãã«ãããŸãŸã§ãã
ãã€ããªãããã©ã³ãã³ã°ïŒ
ãšãŒãžã§ã³ãã®ãã©ã³ã1ã€ã®è»è·¡ã§æ³åã§ããªãå Žåã¯ã©ããªããŸããïŒãšãŒãžã§ã³ããéäžã§ä»ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ããšå¯Ÿè©±ããå¿ èŠãããå ŽåïŒãããŠãåã«ããããåé¿ããã ãã§ã¯ãªãå ŽåïŒãããã®ã¿ã€ãã®ã¿ã¹ã¯ã¯ãéåžžããã€ããªããèšç»ããšåŒã°ããŸã-éåžžãã¿ã¹ã¯ã®å¹ŸäœåŠçåŽé¢ã«é¢é£ããæœè±¡çãªåŽé¢ããããŸãããããã®ã¿ã€ãã®ã¿ã¹ã¯ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãæ確ã§äžè¬çã«åãå ¥ããããŠãã決å®ããããŸããã
çµè«
ãã®èšäºã§ã¯ãã¢ãŒã·ã§ã³ãã©ã³ãã³ã°ã®ããã€ãã®åºæ¬æŠå¿µãæ€èšãããšãŒãžã§ã³ãããã€ã³ãAãããã€ã³ãBã«ãæãåçŽãªãã®ããéåžžã«è€éãªãã®ã«ç§»åããåé¡ã解決ããããã€ãã®ã¯ã©ã¹ã®ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ãæ瀺ããŸããã
ã¢ãŒã·ã§ã³ãã©ã³ãã³ã°ã®ç 究ã«ãããæè¿ã®é²æ©ã«ããããããŸã§æªè§£æ±ºã ã£ãããŸããŸãªåé¡ãããŒãœãã«ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒïŒããã³å Žåã«ãã£ãŠã¯ãããªã²ãŒã ãšã³ãžã³ïŒã§è§£æ±ºã§ããããã«ãªããŸããã
æ®å¿µãªããããããã®ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã®å€ãã¯ãç¹ã«èªåè»ãè¹è¶ããã®ä»ãã¹ãŠã®æ¹åã«ç§»åã§ããªãè»äž¡ã§ã¯ããªã¢ã«ã¿ã€ã ã§äœ¿çšããã«ã¯é ãããŸããããã«ã¯ãã¹ãŠããããªã調æ»ãå¿ èŠã§ãã
èšäºãããªãã«ãšã£ãŠããŸãè€éã§ã¯ãªãããã«æããããã®äžã«äœãæçšãªãã®ãèŠã€ãããšæããŸãïŒ
以äžã¯ããã®èšäºã§èª¬æãããã¹ãŠã®ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã®èŠçŽè¡šã§ãïŒããã§ã¯ãéåçãªèšç»ã®ã¿ãèæ ®ãããããšãèæ ®ããå¿ èŠããããŸãïŒã