Clever Geek Handbook

人工知能ネメシダWAF





人工知能はマーケティングの策略にすぎないと考えられています。 この記事では、人工知能Nemesida WAFを使用して、99.96％という驚くべき精度でWebアプリケーションへの攻撃を検出およびブロックする方法を示します。



理論：Nemesida AI How It Works



大量の情報または割り当てられた情報の不完全性により人間のデータ分析が不可能になる領域では、機械学習（パターン認識、または現在流行していると言われる人工知能）が使用されます。 一般に、さまざまなWebアプリケーションへの100万件を超えるリクエストを武器庫に蓄積したとき、機械学習の必要性に関する決定は自然に熟成しました。



科学研究と既存のプロトタイプの分析に基づいて、Nemeisda AIワークフローが構築され、データを分析した後、要素の特徴空間が形成されました。 ほとんどの機能はテキストであるため、認識アルゴリズムでさらに使用できるようにベクトル化されています。 クエリフィールドは個別の単語ではなく、文字のシーケンスで構成されることが多いため、n-gram（TF-IDF）の出現頻度の分析に基づいたアプローチを使用することが決定されました。



利用可能なデータの分析により、分類器の構築に基づいて機能空間を作成することができました。 数学的な観点から攻撃を検出する問題は、古典的な分類問題（2つのクラス：正当なトラフィックと不正なトラフィック）として形式化されました。 アルゴリズムの選択は、実装のアクセシビリティの基準とテストの可能性に従って行われました。 勾配ブースティングアルゴリズム（AdaBoost）が最適であることが証明され、1億回のリクエストで99.96％の精度と0.04％未満の誤検出率を実現できました。 したがって、トレーニング後、Nemesida WAFの決定は、分析されたデータの統計的特性を考慮して行われ、攻撃の確定的な兆候（シグネチャ）に基づいて行われるのではありません。



AIと比較したシグネチャ攻撃検出方法の欠点は明らかです-多数の誤検知（5％から15％）でWAFをバイパスする可能性が高くなります。 それにもかかわらず、シグネチャ分析はトレーニングの主なソースであり、Nemesida AIのトレーニング期間中にWebアプリケーションの基本的な保護を提供します。



攻撃、誤検知、人工知能



Nemesida AIがどのように機能し、どのような機能を提供するかを理解するために、いくつかの例を検討してください。



署名攻撃のブロック

署名方法によってブロックされる攻撃の例。 このような要求は、UNION + SELECT署名チェーンのエントリが原因でブロックされます。



例1-SQLインジェクション操作
POST /wp-content/plugins/answer-my-question/modal.php HTTP / 1.1

ホスト：vulns.pentestit.ru

ユーザーエージェント：Mozilla / 5.0（X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv：56.0）Gecko / 20100101 Firefox / 56.0

許可：text / html、application / xhtml + xml、application / xml; q = 0.9、* / *; q = 0.8

Accept-Language：en-US、en; q = 0.5

Accept-Encoding：gzip、deflate

Content-Type：application / x-www-form-urlencoded

コンテンツの長さ：113

Cookie：_ym_uid = 1505734077122804829; _ym_isad = 2; _ym_visorc_45042173 = w

接続：閉じる

Upgrade-Insecure-Requests：1



id = 0 + UNION + SELECT + 1％2C2％2C3％2C4％2C5％2C6％2Cslug％2Cterm_group％2Cname％2C10％2C11％2C12 +

FROM + wp_terms + WHERE + term_id％3D1



この例では、部分的に難読化されているにもかかわらず、要求はNemesida WAF署名モジュールによってブロックされます。



例2-SQLインジェクション操作
action = getTopic＆topic_id = 1 anD0 unio％4e％0a sELEc％74％23％0a 0b001110010011100100111001001110010011100100100000011101010110111001101001011011110110111000

10000001110011011001010110110001100101011000110111010000100000001100010011000100101100011000

11011011110110111001100011011000010111010001011111011101110111001100101000001100000111100000

11001101100001001011000111010101110011011001010111001001011111011011000110111101100111011010

01011011100010110001110101011100110110010101110010010111110111000001100001011100110111001100

1011000111010101110011011001010111001001011111011001010110110101100000010110100101101100001010

0100100000011001100111001001101111011011010010000000000101110111000001011111010101010111001101

10010101110010011100110010000001101100011010010110110101101001011101000010000000110001001000

0000101101001011010010000000101101,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,1,2％0a＆group_id = 0



id = -1 uniO％6e / * a * / seLEC％74 {d1}、{d2}、{d3}、{d4}、{d0}、{d6}、{d7}、{d（％23％0aseLEC ％74 {a0x3c}）}、NULL、{d10}、{d11}、{d12}-



署名分析の誤検知

次に、Webアプリケーションに対する攻撃ではないが、WAFによってブロックされるリクエストの例を見てみましょう。 そのようなリクエストを処理した結果は誤検知です：



例3-シグネチャ攻撃検出方法による誤検知
GET / function shift（）{[ネイティブコード]} HTTP / 1.1

ホスト：vulns.pentestit.ru

ユーザーエージェント：Mozilla / 5.0（X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv：56.0）Gecko / 20100101 Firefox / 56.0

許可：text / html、application / xhtml + xml、application / xml; q = 0.9、* / *; q = 0.8

Accept-Language：en-US、en; q = 0.5

Accept-Encoding：gzip、deflate

Cookie：_ym_uid = 1505734077122804829; _ym_isad = 2; _ym_visorc_45042173 = w

接続：閉じる

Upgrade-Insecure-Requests：1



以下のリクエストを処理すると、攻撃を検出するために署名方法を使用する場合にも誤検知が発生します。



例4-シグネチャ攻撃検出方法を使用した誤検知
GET /.../news HTTP / 1.1

ホスト：vulns.pentestit.ru

ユーザーエージェント：Mozilla / 5.0（互換性; Googlebot / 2.1; + http：//www.google.com/bot.html）

許可：text / html、application / xhtml + xml、application / xml; q = 0.9、* / *; q = 0.8

Accept-Language：en-US、en; q = 0.5

Accept-Encoding：gzip、deflate

Cookie：_ym_uid = 1505734077122804829; _ym_isad = 2; _ym_visorc_45042173 = w

接続：閉じる

Upgrade-Insecure-Requests：1



動作中のNemesida AI：攻撃検出の精度を高め、誤検知を排除



署名方式では検出されないが、Nemesida AIによってブロックされる攻撃を検討してください。



例5-ペイロードの難読化
POST /wp-content/plugins/answer-my-question/modal.php HTTP / 1.1

ホスト：vulns.pentestit.ru

ユーザーエージェント：Mozilla / 5.0（X11; Linux x86_64; rv：52.0）Gecko / 20100101 Firefox / 52.0

受け入れる：* / *

Accept-Language：en-US、en; q = 0.5

Content-Type：application / x-www-form-urlencoded

接続：閉じる

コンテンツの長さ：78053



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[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ [] ] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + [] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [ []]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ [ ]] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]]）[+！ + [] + [+ []]] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（!! [] + [ ]）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ [] ]] +（[] [[]] + []）[+！+ []] +（+！[] + [！[]] +（[] + []）[（[] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [ ] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（ !! [] + []）[+！+ []]] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + [] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [ ] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（ !! [] + []）[+！+ []]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（[] [[]] + []）[+！+ []] + （！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[ +！+ []] +（[] [[]] + []）[+ []] +（[] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [ ] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[ + []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]] + [ ]）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + [] [（！[] + [] ）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！ + []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [ ] + []）[+！+ []]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]]）[！+ [ ] +！+ [] + [+ []]]]（!! + [] +！+ [] +！+ [] + [+！+ []]）[+！+ []] +（!! [ ] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []]）（）（（[] + []）[（！[] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + [] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！ [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（[] [[]] + [ ]）[+！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（[] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []） [+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + [] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []） [+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]] [+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + [] [（！[] + [] ）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！ + []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [ ] + []）[+！+ []]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]]（）[+！ + [] + [+！+ []]]）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（！[] + []）[+！+ []] +（!! [] + []） [+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（！[] + [] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] ] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + [ ]）[+！+ []]]）[！+ [] +！+ [] + [+ []]] + [！+ [] +！+ []] + [！+ [] +！+ [ ] +！+ [] +！+ []] + [+ []] + [+ []] + [+ []] + [+ []] + [+ []] + [+ []] + [ + []] + [+ []] + [+ []] +（!! [] + [] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [ []]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ [ ]] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]]）[！+ [] +！+ [] + [+ []]]）（）+ []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] + [] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [ ] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（ !! [] + []）[+！+ []]] [（[] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[ +！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（！ ！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + [] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[ +！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（！ ！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]]）[+！+ [] + [ + []]] +（[] [[]] + []）[+！+ []] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] + （!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []] +（[] [[]] + []）[+ []] +（ [] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] + ！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + [] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]]）[+！+ [] + [+ [] ]] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]]（（!! [] + []）[+！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（[] [[]] + []）[+ []] +（!! [ ] + []）[+！+ []] +（[] [[]] + []）[+！+ []] +（+ [！[]] + [] [（！[] + [] ）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！ + []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [ ] + []）[+！+ []]]）[+！+ [] + [+！+ []]] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] + ！+ []] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（[] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（ [！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！ + []]] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（！[] + []）[+！+ []] +（+（！+ [] + ！+ [] + [+！+ []] + [+！+ []]））[（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + [] [（！[ ] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] + （!! [] + []）[+！+ []]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（+！[] +（[] + []）[（[] [ （！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []） [！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ [ ]] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + [] [ （！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []） [！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ [ ]] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（[] [[]] + []）[+！+ []] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []] +（[] [[]] + []）[+ []] +（[] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[ ]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ [] ]] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + [] [（！[ ] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] + （!! [] + []）[+！+ []]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]] [+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []] +（[！[ ]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（[] [[]] + []）[+！+ []] +（+！[] + [ ！[]] +（[] + []）[（[] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [ ] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [ ] +！+ []] +（!! [] + [] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [ ] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []] ] +（[] [[]] + []）[+！+ []] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [ ] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []] +（[] [[]] + []）[+ []] +（[] [（ ！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[ ！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ [] ] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[ + []] +（!! [] + [] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [ + []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []） [！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（ !! [] + []）[+！+ []]]）[！+ [] +！+ [] + [+ []]]]（！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ [] + [+！+ []]）[+！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []]）（）（（[] + []）[（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（！[ ] + []）[+！+ []] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！ + [] + [+ []]] +（[] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + [] ）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] + ！+ []] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []]]（）[+ []]）[+ []] + [！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ [ ]] +（！[] + [+！[]]）[（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（！[] + []）[+！+ []] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（[！[] ] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（[] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]] + [] ）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []]]（）[+！+ [ ] + [+ []]] + [] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ [ ]]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！ + [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]] [（[] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（ !! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[ +！+ []]] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + [] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（ !! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[ +！+ []]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（[] [[]] + []）[+！+ []] +（！[] + []）[ ！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []] +（[ ] [[]] + []）[+ []] +（[] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！ + [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [ ] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]] + []）[！+ [] +！ + [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + [] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[ ！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [ ] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]]（（!! [] + []）[+！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（[] [[ ]] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []] +（[] [[]] + []）[+！+ []] +（+ [！[]] + [] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]]）[+！+ [] + [+！+ []]] +（[] [ []] + []）[+ []] +（[] [[]] + []）[+！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [ ] +！+ []] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（[] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（ !! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[ +！+ []]] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（！[] + []）[+！+ []] +（+（！+ [ ] +！+ [] + [+！+ []] + [+！+ []]））[（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + [] [（ ！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[ ！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ [] ] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（+！[] +（[] + []）[（[ ] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + [ ]）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！ + []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + [ ] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + [ ]）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！ + []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（[] [[]] + []）[+ ！+ []] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [ ] + []）[+！+ []] +（[] [[]] + []）[+ []] +（[] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[ ！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [ ] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + [] [（ ！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[ ！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ [] ] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []] ]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []] +（[ ！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（[] [[]] + []）[+！+ []] +（+！[] + [！[]] +（[] + []）[（[] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！ + [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [ ] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]] + []）[！+ [] +！ + [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + [] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！ + [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [ ] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]]）[+！+ [] + [+ [ ]]] +（[] [[]] + []）[+！+ []] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（！ ！[] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []] +（[] [[]] + []）[+ []] +（[]] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + [] ）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + [] ）[+ []] +（!! [] + [] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + [ ]）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]]）[！+ [] +！+ [] + [+ []]]]（！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ [] + [+！+ []]）[+！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []]）（）（[] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + [] ）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]] [（[] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [ []]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ [ ]] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]] + []） [！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + [] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [ []]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ [ ]] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]]）[+！ + [] + [+ []]] +（[] [[]] + []）[+！+ []] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！ + []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []] +（[] [[]] + []）[+ []] +（[] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] + （！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] + ！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（ !! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + [] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]] ）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] + （!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]]（（!! [] + []）[+！+ []] +（!! [] + [ ]）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（[] [[]] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []] +（[] [[]] + []）[+！+ []] +（+ [！[]] + [] [（！ [] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！ + [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]]）[+！+ [] + [+！+ []]] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] + ！+ [] +！+ []] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（[] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] ] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + [ ]）[+！+ []]] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（！[] + []）[+！+ []] +（+（ ！+ [] +！+ [] + [+！+ []] + [+！+ []]））[（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + [ ] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + [ ]）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！ + []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（+！[] +（[] + []） [（[] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[ ] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [ ] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [ ] + [] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[ ] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [ ] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（[] [[]] + [] ）[+！+ []] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（ !! [] + []）[+！+ []] +（[] [[]] + []）[+ []] +（[] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（ !! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[ +！+ []]] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + [ ] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + [ ]）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！ + []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（[] [[]] + []）[+！+ []] +（+ ！[] + [！[]] +（[] + []）[（[] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]） [+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（ !! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]] + []）[！+ [ ] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + [] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]） [+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（ !! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（[] [[]] + []）[+！+ []] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []] +（[] [[]] + []）[+ []] + （[] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + [] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！ + [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [ ] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]]）[+！+ [] + [+ [ ]]] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]]）[！+ [] +！+ [] + [+ []]]]（！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ [] + [+！+ []]）[+！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []]）（） （（[] + []）[（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（!! [] + []）[+ [] ] +（！[] + []）[+！+ []] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[] ]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（[] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+ ！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]] + []）[！+ [] + ！+ [] +！+ []] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []]]（）[+ []]）[+ []] + [！+ [] +！+ []] +（！[] + []）[+！+ []]）+（！[] + []）[+！+ []] + [] [（！ [] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！ + [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]] [（[] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]] ）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] + （!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + [] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]] ）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] + （!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（[] [[]] + []）[+！+ []] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ [] ] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []] +（[] [[]] + []）[+ []] +（[] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[ ] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [ ] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [ ] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + [] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+ ！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]]（（!! [] + []）[+！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[ ！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（[] [[]] + []）[+ []] +（！ ！[] + []）[+！+ []] +（[] [[]] + []）[+！+ []] +（+ [！[]] + [] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（！ ！[] + []）[+！+ []]]）[+！+ [] + [+！+ []]] +（[] [[]] + []）[+ []] +（ [] [[]] + []）[+！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（！[] + [ ]）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（[] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]] ）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] + （!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（！[] + []）[+！+ []] +（+（！+ [] +！+ [] + [+！+ []] + [+！+ []]））[（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + [] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（ [！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！ + []]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（+！[] +（[] + []）[（[] [（！[] + []）[+ [] ] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] + （!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []） [+！+ []]] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + [] [（！[] + []）[+ [] ] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] + （!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []） [+！+ []]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（[] [[]] + []）[+！+ []] +（！[] + []） [！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []] +（ [] [[]] + []）[+ []] +（[] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+ ！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]] + []）[！+ [] + ！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + [] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（ [！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！ + []]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []] ] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+ ！+ [] + [+ []]] +（[] [[]] + []）[+！+ []] +（+！[] + [！[]] +（[] + []） [（[] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[ ] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [ ] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [ ] + [] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[ ] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [ ] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（[] [[]] + [] ）[+！+ []] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（ !! [] + []）[+！+ []] +（[] [[]] + []）[+ []] +（[] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + []）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（ !! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[ +！+ []]] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + [ ] [（！[] + []）[+ []] +（[！[]] + [] [[]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（！[] + [ ]）[！+ [] +！+ []] +（!! [] + []）[+ []] +（!! [] + []）[！+ [] +！+ [] +！ + []] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]]）[+！+ [] + [+ []]] +（!! [] + []）[+！+ []]]）[！+ [] +！+ [] + [+ []]]]（！+ [] +！+ [] +！+ [] + [+！+ []]）[+！ + []] +（!! 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以下の例（6、7）は、脆弱性の直接の悪用にはつながりませんが、Webアプリケーションの脆弱性の存在を検出できるため、Nemesida AIはブロックされます。



例6-SQLインジェクション検出
POST /wp-content/plugins/testplugin/form.php HTTP / 1.1

ホスト：vulns.pentestit.ru

ユーザーエージェント：Mozilla / 5.0（Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; rv：55.0）Gecko / 20100101 Firefox / 55.0

許可：text / html、application / xhtml + xml、application / xml; q = 0.9、* / *; q = 0.8

Accept-Language：ru-RU、ru; q = 0.8、en-US; q = 0.5、en; q = 0.3

Accept-Encoding：gzip、deflate

Cookie：_ym_uid = 1501589484566174132; _ym_isad = 2; _ym_visorc_45042173 = w

接続：閉じる

Upgrade-Insecure-Requests：1

コンテンツタイプ：multipart / form-data; 境界=

コンテンツの長さ：86



-コンテンツの処理：フォームデータ。 name = "id"



1 AND 1083 = 1083 AND（1427 = 1427;

-


例7-SQLインジェクションの検出
POST /wp-content/plugins/testplugin/form.php HTTP / 1.1

ホスト：vulns.pentestit.ru

ユーザーエージェント：Mozilla / 5.0（Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; rv：55.0）Gecko / 20100101 Firefox / 55.0

許可：text / html、application / xhtml + xml、application / xml; q = 0.9、* / *; q = 0.8

Accept-Language：ru-RU、ru; q = 0.8、en-US; q = 0.5、en; q = 0.3

Accept-Encoding：gzip、deflate

Cookie：_ym_uid = 1501589484566174132; _ym_isad = 2; _ym_visorc_45042173 = w

接続：閉じる

Upgrade-Insecure-Requests：1

コンテンツタイプ：multipart / form-data; 境界=

コンテンツの長さ：119



-コンテンツの処理：フォームデータ。 name = "id"



1 AND 2947 = LIKE（ 'ABCDEFG'、UPPER（HEX（RANDOMBLOB（500000000/2））））



-


Nemesida WAF：トレーニングの前後



Nemesida WAFは、トレーニングモードの認定後、その作業の絶対的な正確性を実証し、その瞬間まで、シグネチャ分析とルールのチェーンにより攻撃の検出とブロックが発生します。 Nemesida WAFの定性的に構成された署名は、最小限の誤検知でトレーニング期間中にWebアプリケーションを適切に保護します。



Nemesida WAFが〜15万件のリクエストを処理すると（平均的なWebアプリケーションの場合は約30分）、トレーニングモードが終了し、Nemesida AIがアクティブになります。 署名方法はオフになり、この瞬間から、攻撃の検出とブロックがNemesida AIモジュールによって〜99.96％の精度で実行されます。







アカウントの緑色の脳の画像は、Nemesida AIがアクティブになっていることを示しています。



おわりに



Nemesida WAFで機械学習を使用すると、攻撃の検出（〜99.96％）で驚くほど正確になり、誤検出（〜0.04％）をゼロに減らし、ゼロデイ攻撃（0-day）を検出することもできます。 さらに、Nemesida AIとNemesida ScannerはVirtualPatchルールを自動的に作成できますが、これについては次の記事で説明します。





人工知能Nemesida WAFは、マーケティングや競争上の優位性だけでなく、Webアプリケーションへの攻撃を検出およびブロックするための強力なツールです。 これを実際に体験するには、試用版のNemesida WAFがプリインストールされたVMを要求するか、無料でクラウド保護を2週間アクティブ化します。


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