å§ããåã«ãé»æ³¢çè«ã§äžè¬ã«åãå ¥ããããŠããé»æ³¢ç¯å²ã®åé¡ãæãåºããŠããã®ã¯çã«ããªã£ãŠããŸãã
å®éã誰ããé»æ³¢ç¯å²ã®ç¬èªã®åé¡ãæãã€ãããšãçŠæ¢ããŠããŸããããç¡ç·çè«ã®ãã¹ãŠã®åé¡ã¯éåžžãåšæ³¢æ°ã¿ã€ãïŒUHF-è¶ é«åšæ³¢ïŒãŸãã¯æ³¢é·ïŒVHF-è¶ çæ³¢ïŒã®ããããã«ãã£ãŠæ§æãããŸãã éåžžããããã¯çµã¿åãããåé¡ã䜿çšããŸãïŒãVHFããšèšãå Žåãç¹å®ã®åšæ³¢æ°ç¯å²ãæå³ããŸãïŒã é»æ³¢ç¯å²ã®ããã€ãã®äžè¬çãªåé¡ãããã®è¡šã«ç€ºããŸã -ãŸãããŠã£ãããã£ã¢ããªããã°ã©ãã«ãªããŸããïŒ
VHFç¯å²ã§ã®æ£ç¢ºãªè¿œå ã¯ã äžã®è¡šã«èšèŒãããŠããŸã ã
ãããã®ããŒã¿ã«ãããšãåžå Žã§äžè¬çã«äœ¿çšããããã¹ãŠã®æ©åšã¯ã30 MHz以äžã®ç¯å²ã§æ§ç¯ãããŠããç¡ç·ãã£ãã«ã®å©ããåããŠïŒ90 GHzã®äžéã«ã€ããŠè©±ãã®ãçã«ããªã£ãŠããŸãïŒãVHF垯åãæããŸãã ã€ãŸã GSMãWiFiãWiMaxãLTEãBWAãRRLãªã©ã®ãã¹ãŠã®ã¯ã©ã¹ããã³ãã¡ããªãããã³ã«ã¯ããã®ç¯å²ã«åºæã®ãã¹ãŠã®æ©èœãšãšãã«ãã®ã«ããŽãªã§æ©èœããŸãã VHF垯ã®ç¡ç·éä¿¡ã¯è¡šé¢æ³¢ã§æ§æãããŠãããããå°çå ã®ç¯å²ã¯ããã»ã©å€§ãããªãããå°çã®æ²çãã«ãã£ãŠå¶éãããŸãã ç¡ç·éä¿¡ã«ã€ããŠè©±ããšããå€ãã®å Žåããã¹ãŠã®æšè«ã¯2ã€ã®ãã€ã³ãéã®æ¥ç¶ã«åž°çããŸãã ãããã£ãŠãèšäºãããã€ã³ãããŒãã«ããã€ã³ãããããã«ãã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãã¹ããŒã ãªã©ã§è€éã«ããªãããã«ã ãã€ã³ãããŒãã€ã³ããŸãã¯ç¡ç·ãã£ãã«æ¹åŒã«éå®ããŸãã
ããã§ã¯å§ããŸãããã
1.æåã®å£°æ
VHFç¯å²ã§ç¡ç·ãã£ãã«ãç·šæã§ããå®çšçãªæ倧ç¯å²ã¯50ã60 kmã§ãã ãå®çšçããšããçšèªã説æããŸãã ããã¯ãã äžã€ã®ããšãæå³ããŸãïŒé·è·é¢ã«ããã£ãŠç¡ç·ã«ãŒããç·šæããããšã¯å¯èœã§ãããããã¯æ©åšã«é©åãªãµã¹ãã³ã·ã§ã³ã®é«ããååšããå Žåã®ã¿ã§ãã
VHFç¯å²å ã®ç¡ç·ãã¹ã®æ倧ç¯å²ã¯ã次ã®åŒã«ããèšç®ã«çž®å°ãããŸãã
D = 3.57 * [²âïŒH1ïŒ+²âïŒH2ïŒ+ 10 *³âïŒÎ»ïŒ]
ã©ãã§ïŒ
3.57-1 GHzãè¶ ããåšæ³¢æ°ã§ã®è¡šé¢æ³¢ã®æ²çãèæ ®ããå±æçã åšæ³¢æ°ã1 GHzæªæºã®å Žåãä¿æ°ã¯4.12ãŸãã¯4.56ïŒ500 MHzæªæºã®åšæ³¢æ°ã§ïŒã«ãªããŸãã
Dã¯kmåäœã®ç¡ç·ãã¹ã®ç¯å²ã§ãã
1ã2-åä¿¡ã¢ã³ãããšéä¿¡ã¢ã³ããã®ãµã¹ãã³ã·ã§ã³ã®é«ãïŒmïŒã
Îã¯måäœã®äœæ¥é»æ³¢ã®é·ãã§ããããã®ãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãŒã¯å€ãå°ãããããVHFç¡ç·ãã¹ââãèšç®ããéã«ãã°ãã°ç¡èŠãããŸãã
ãã®é¢ä¿ã説æããèšç®ããŒãã«ã®äŸããããŸã ã ãã®è¡šã«ãããšã50 kmã®ç¡ç·ãã¹ãç·šæããã«ã¯ãäž¡åŽã®ã¢ã³ããã49 mãè¶ ããŠåãäžããå¿ èŠããããŸãã æ¯èŒã®ããã«ã53mã¯è¿ä»£çãª16é建ãŠã®å»ºç©ã®æäžéšã§ãã ããŒãã«ã¯
ç§ã®ç·Žç¿ã§ã¯ãçŽ400 kmã®è·é¢ã§VHFç¡ç·ãªã¬ãŒéä¿¡ã®çµç¹åã®äºäŸããããŸããã éä¿¡ã»ãã·ã§ã³ã¯ãå圢ã®æŸå°ãã¿ãŒã³ãæã€ã¢ã³ããã§åäœããå€ãã¢ããã°ç¡ç·äžç¶å±ã§éå¬ãããŸããããã®ãã¡ã®1ã€ã¯é£è¡äžã®é£è¡æ©ïŒé«åºŠ1000m以äžïŒã§ããã
è¡æéä¿¡ã¯åãç¯å²ã§åäœããŸãããéä¿¡è¡æãå°å¹³ç·äžã«ãããšãã¯åžžã«å¯èŠæ§ããããŸãã
åŒã®éä¿¡æ©ãã¯ãŒãšåä¿¡æ©æ床ã®å€ã¯é¢ä¿ããªãããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ããã å®éã«ã¯ãç¯å²ãé«åšæ³¢ã§ãããããVHFç¯å²ã®ç¡ç·ç¯å²ã«å¯Ÿããé»åã®åœ±é¿ã¯å°ãããšããããšã§ãã åžå Žã«ååšããæ©åšã®å®¹éã¯ãæ°åããªã¯ããã§æž¬å®ãããŸãããæ°çŸããªã¯ããã§ã¯ãªãïŒ20ã63ã150mWã®å€ããããŸãïŒãã¢ã³ããã²ã€ã³ãç°ãªããŸãã ãã倧ããªé»åãšããé«ãã¢ã³ããã²ã€ã³ãåããç¡ç·æ©åšããã£ãã«ã§ããè¯ããšãã«ã®ãŒãäžããããšã¯æããã§ãããããã¯äž»ã«ãã£ãã«ã®é床ãšå¹²æžãé害ç©ãªã©ãååšããå Žåã®å®å®æ§ã«åœ±é¿ããŸãããããã¯ããäœãã§ã
é·ãç¡ç·çµè·¯ïŒ30 km以äžïŒã§ææ°ã®ããžã¿ã«æ©åšã䜿çšããŠç¡ç·éä¿¡ãç·šæããå Žåãå€ãã®å Žåããã£ãã«ã®é«éã«ãã£ãŠèª²ããããå¶éã«çŽé¢ããŸãã é«éç¡ç·ãã¹ãç·šæããå Žåãä¿¡å·åŠç/å€èª¿ã®ããªãè€éãªæ¹æ³ã䜿çšããåæã«è€æ°ã®ä¿¡å·åæ³¢ã䜿çšãããã£ãã«åž¯åå¹ ãæ¡å€§ããŠåäœããç¡ç·æ©åšã䜿çšãããŸãã ç¡ç·çµè·¯ã®é·ããé·ãããéä¿¡æ©ã®é»åãšåä¿¡æ©ã®æ床ãäžååãªå Žåããã£ãã«å ã®ä¿¡å·ã®èªç¶ãªé 延ãåå°ä¿¡å·ããã®ãã¹ãŠã«åŒ·ã圱é¿ãå§ããããã¯æ倱ãšåè©Šè¡ãé床ã®äœäžãšéä¿¡ã®é©å¿æ§ã®äœäžãããªãã¡ç¡ç·ãã£ãã«ã«ã€ãªãããŸããããµãããfallèœãã
ãã€ãŠãããæºåž¯é»è©±äŒç€Ÿã®ååãã50 kmã®ç¡ç·äžç¶ã«ãŒããã©ã®ããã«ç·šæãããã話ããŸããã ãã®ã«ãŒãã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒæåã«ãããšã圌ãã®èšèã§ã¯ãã倩æ°ãäºæž¬ããããšã¯å¯èœã§ãããã
2. 2çªç®ã®ã¹ããŒãã¡ã³ã
ãå®å šã«éããããã«ãŒããã§VHFç¡ç·éä¿¡ãç·šæããããšã¯å®éäžäžå¯èœã§ãã åŸæ¥ããå®çšçã«ããšããçšèªã説æããŸãã ãããè¡ãããšã¯ã§ããŸãããããªãåé¡ããããŸãããªããŒã¿ãŒïŒãªãã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒïŒãé害ç©ãåé¿ããããã£ãã«å ã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒãå¢å ãããä»ã®æ¹æ³ãå¿ èŠã§ãã éåžžãããããã³ããŒã«ãã£ãŠæ¿èªãããå Žåãããã¯ãåéè·¯ãã§ããããæ¥ç¶ããåå°ä¿¡å·ãã§ç·šæãããŠããŸãã
çè«ã§ã¯ãç¡ç·çµè·¯ã®ã¢ãã«ã¯ããŒã ã§ã¯ãªãã
ç¡ç·ãã¹ã®ç¹å®ã®éšåã«ãããã®ãã¬ãã«ãŸãŒã³ã®ååŸããŸãã¯é害ç©ãŸã§ã®æå°ã¯ãªã¢ã©ã³ã¹ã¯ã次ã®åŒã§èšç®ãããŸãã
h =²â[1/3 * D *λ* X / D *ïŒ1-X / DïŒ]ãããã§
hã¯ãã¯ãªã¢ã©ã³ã¹ãã®å€ã§ã
Dã¯ãmåäœã®ç¡ç·ãã¹ã®é·ãã§ãã
Îã¯måäœã®åäœé»æ³¢ã®é·ãã§ãã
X-é害ç©ãã€ã³ããŸã§ã®è·é¢ïŒmïŒã
ãã®çµæã2.4 GHzç¯å²ã®10 kmãã¹ã®ããŒã¿ãæ°åŒã«ä»£å ¥ãããšã10 m以äžã®ãã¹ã®äžå€®ã§ãã¬ãã«ãŸãŒã³ã®æ倧ååŸãåŸãããŸãã 50kmã§ã¯ããã®å€ã¯23mãè¶ ããŸãã
ãã¬ãã«ãŸãŒã³ãžã®é害ç©ã®åœ±é¿ãè£æ£ããã«ã¯ãå¿ èŠãªã¯ãªã¢ã©ã³ã¹ã ãã¢ã³ããã®åãäžãç¹ãäžãããïŒè«æ±é 1ã®åŒæ°ãåç §ïŒããã£ãã«å ã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒã倧ããããŸãã
3. 3çªç®ã®ã¹ããŒãã¡ã³ã
æ©åšã®å£²ãæã宣èšããç¡ç·ãã£ãã«ã®é床ãç¡ç·ãã£ãã«å šäºéã®å®éã®é床ããã±ããæ§èœã¯å®å šã«ç°ãªãç¹æ§ã§ãããå€ãã®å Žåäºãã«äžèŽããŸããã
éåžžãçµç¹åãããç¡ç·ãã£ãã«ã®é床ãç¡ç·æ©åšã®ç¹æ§ã«èšèŒãããŠãã
ã»ãšãã©ãã¹ãŠã®ç¡ç·æ©åšã®çŸåšã®ããŒããŠã§ã¢å®è£ ã¯ãç¡ç·éä¿¡ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãåããäžè¬çãªåœ¢ã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯IPã«ãŒã¿ãŒïŒããçšåºŠãŸãã¯å¥ã®æ©èœïŒã§ãã ãããã¯ãã¹ãŠ1ã€ã®ããã¯ã¹ã«å ¥ããããŸãã ãã®ããã«æ©èœããŸã-ãããã¯ãŒã¯ãããã³ã«ã¯ãç¡ç·ãããã³ã«ïŒéåžž802.11ïŒãšãããŒããã£ã¹ãã®ä»æ§ã®äžã§éã«ãã£ãŠåŠçãããŸãã åœç¶ãããã«ã¯ããŒããŠã§ã¢ããã®é»åãå¿ èŠã§ãã ãããã£ãŠããããã®ããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ã«ãã£ãŠç¹åŸŽä»ããããå¶éã
ãã±ããããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ã¯ç¡ç·æ©åšã®ç¹æ§ã§ããããã©ãã£ãã¯ãå€ãå Žåã«ãã£ãã«ã®é床ãã©ã®ããã«ãªããã瀺ããŸãã ã倧éã®ãã©ãã£ãã¯ããšã¯ãéåžžãå°ããªãã±ããïŒVoIPãTVãªã©ïŒã䜿çšããã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã«ãã£ãŠçæããããã©ãã£ãã¯ãæããŸãã BWAãããã¯ãŒã¯ã§äœ¿çšãããWiFiæ©åšã®ãã±ããããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ã®è©³çŽ°ãªåæãå®è¡ãããå€ãèšäºããããŸãã ãã¡ããããã®èšäºã¯ç¹å®ã®ã¿ã€ãã®æ©åšãšç¹å®ã®äŒç€Ÿã宣äŒããããšãç®çãšããŠããŸãããçè ã䜿çšããåæã¯æ£ãããšæããŸãã ãã¹ãŠã®åºåãçç¥ãããšãèšäºã®çµæã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«ãªããŸãã ç¹å®ã®ç¡ç·æ©åšã®ãããæ§èœãããããªãå Žåã宣èšããã16ïŒ ã®ç¡ç·ãã£ãã«ã®æ倧é床ãšãã圢ã§äžå¿«ãªé©ããåŸãããšãã§ããŸãã ç§ãç¥ã£ãŠããã®ã¯ãæ©åšã®ããã±ãŒãžããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ãç¡ç·ãã£ãã«ã®å®£èšãããé床ãšå®éã«äžèŽãããã³ããŒã1ã€ã ãã§ãã ãã®ãã³ããŒã¯ãæ©åšã®æäœã«å°æã®å°çšãããã³ã«ã®äœ¿çšãéæããŠããŸãã å€ãã®å Žåããããã®ããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ã¯ææžåãããç¹æ§ã§ã¯ãããŸããã
4.ã¹ããŒãã¡ã³ã4
ç§ãã¡ã®åœã§ã¯ãç¡ç·åšæ³¢æ°ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã¯å·ã®è²¡ç£ã§ãã é©åãªäœ¿çšãç£èŠããããã«ãç£ç£æ©é¢ãšèŠå¶æ©é¢ãèšç«ãããŸããã æ°é人ãšçµç¹ã¯ãç¡ç·æ©åšã®æäœã«ç¹å®ã®ç¡ç·åšæ³¢æ°ã䜿çšã§ããŸããã第äžã«ãäºæ¬¡ããŒã¹ã§ãã€ãŸããåœå®¶æ©é¢ïŒã¢ã¹ã¯ã¯ãé£éŠä¿å®å±ãå åçãªã©ïŒã®ç¡ç·æ©åšã«å¹²æžããªãå Žåã第äºã«ã圌ãã圌ãã®é»åçæ段ã«ãã£ãŠåãåžæ°çµç¹ã®æ¢åã®ç¡ç·çµè·¯ã«å¹²æžããªãå Žåã第äžã«ããããèš±ãããç¯å²å ã§ã®ã¿ã ãã®ãããRFãªãœãŒã¹ãååŸããã³ç»é²ããæé ãå°å ¥ãããŸããã ç¡ç·åšæ³¢æ°åšå®ã«ãã£ãŠã䜿çšãèš±å¯ãããç¯å²ã¯ç¡ç·ãã£ãã«ã«åå²ãããŸãã äœããã®çç±ã§ããããã®ç¡ç·ãã£ãã«ã®å¹ ã¯æããã«æŽå²çã«ã¯ããããŸããããå®éã«ã¯å²ãåœãŠãããç¡ç·ãã£ãã«ã®åž¯åå¹ ã¯20 MHzã§ãã ã€ãŸã 䜿çšããåšæ³¢æ°ãååŸããå Žåããã£ãªã¢ãã+ 10MHzããã³-10MHzãè¶ ãããšãã¹ãããã§ããŸããã 40 MHzãŸãã¯80 MHzã®åž¯åãå¿ èŠãªå Žåããããã2ãŸãã¯4ã®é£æ¥ããæ¬éåšæ³¢æ°ã®å解èœãååŸããå¿ èŠããããŸãã å®éã«ã¯ãèš±å¯ãããç¯å²ã空ã§ã¯ãªããããè¿ãã®äœããæ¢ã«èª°ãã«ãã£ãŠå æãããŠããããšãå€æãããããããã¯çŸå®çã§ã¯ãããŸããã 倧äžå€«ããªã40ãŸãã¯80 MHzã®äºéééãå¿ èŠãªã®ã§ããããïŒ çãã¯ç°¡åã§ãã50Mbit / sãè¶ ããé床ã®ç¡ç·ãã£ãã«ãç·šæããã«ã¯ãå šäºéã«40 MHzã®åž¯åå¹ ãå¿ èŠã§ããã150 Mbit / s-80 MHzãè¶ ããé£æ¬²ã®å¢å ãå¿ èŠã§ãã
ãããã¯ã§ã¯ã誰ãèš±å¯ãããç¯å²ã§åãèš±å¯ãåŸãå¿ èŠããããã誰ãããããŠããªããã«ã€ããŠãããã¯å¥ã®è°è«ã®ãããã¯ã§ãããããéåžžã«ç°¡åã«åæ¢ããŸãã èš±å¯ãååŸããæé ã¯ãèš±å¯ãŸãã¯éç¥ã®å ŽåããããŸãã ããã¯éåžžã«è€éã§ããããã¯ç§ãã¡ã誰ã§ãããã«ãã£ãŠç°ãªããŸã-æ³äººãŸãã¯å人ãåæ¥ç®çãŸãã¯ç§ãã¡èªèº«ã®äœ¿çšã®ããã«ç¡ç·ãã£ã³ãã«ãç·šæããç§ãã¡ã䜿çšãã容éã®æ©åšãå±å ãŸãã¯å±å€ã§äœ¿çšãããç§ãã¡ãåããé«ããäœæ¥ããç¯å²
ååãšããŠãéšå±ãŸãã¯è·¯äžã§2.4ã2.4835 GHzã®ç¯å²ã§æ倧100 mWã®å®¹éã®æ©åšã䜿çšããå Žåããããä»ããŠåçšãµãŒãã¹ãæäŸããªããšããäºå®ã«éäžã§ããŸãã åãããšãã200mWãŸã§ã®æ©åšã®5.15-5.25 GHz垯åã«ãåœãŠã¯ãŸããŸãããå±å ã®ã¿ã§ãã ç¹°ãè¿ããŸããããã®ãããªå Žåã¯åžžã«ã埮åŠãªéããããããšãç解ããå¿ èŠããããŸããããšãã°ã100mWã®é»åã¯ã¢ã³ããããã®é»ååºåã§ããã€ãŸããã¢ã³ããã²ã€ã³ãèæ ®ããŠãéä¿¡æ©èªäœã®é»åããåŸãããŸãã
å ¬å¹³ã«èšããšã76ã86 GHzã®ç¯å²ã®ç¡ç·ãã£ãã«ã®ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹èš±å¯ãååŸããå¿ èŠããªãããšãä»ãå ããªããã°ãªããŸããã
äžçªäžã®è¡ã«
1.ç®çã®è·é¢ã10 kmãè¶ ããªãå Žåãéœåžéšã®ç¡ç·ãã£ãã«ã®ç·šæãæ€èšããããšã¯çã«ããªã£ãŠããŸãã éåžžã3ã5kmã®è·é¢ã§äœ¿çšãããšå¹æçã§ãã
2.åžæããè·é¢ã20 kmãè¶ ããªãå ŽåããªãŒãã³ãšãªã¢ã§ã®ç¡ç·ãã£ãã«ã®ç·šæãæ€èšããããšã¯çã«ããªã£ãŠããŸãã éåžžã12ã15kmã®è·é¢ã§äœ¿çšãããšå¹æçã§ãã