There is still a problem that the computer literacy of the population is low. This is especially noticeable outside of Moscow. But the authorities are struggling with this, and until 2024 a whole national program on this topic - the Digital Economy - is designed. Civil servants are already actively pumping: in their qualification requirements it is now written what and how they should use the software, and certainly they should be able to distinguish a document signed with an electronic signature from a document signed by facsimile.
We are a platform for the technical organization of procurement (that is, we are responsible for conducting the procedures themselves in electronic form). Now imagine a school 400 kilometers from Norilsk, which can only be reached by helicopter. In order for this school to purchase milk, in many cases it is impossible to simply take and conclude an agreement for up to 300 thousand from a single supplier - it is necessary to go through the compulsory competitive procurement procedure. That is, put the lot on the site and wait until the suppliers come and send their proposals. If they do not come, there will be no milk. Well, or it will be necessary to explain to the supervisory authority how and why the school is without milk or why it has a single supplier.
Suppliers are really afraid of everything new (and this is not about collusion and corruption, but about the technological part of the process). It’s easier for many not to take on a contract than to master details about electronic signatures and sites. I’ll tell you how we teach them and what other fears our citizens have for this and other reasons.
Housing issue
Each region has a housing program for orphans from boarding schools. Since the pace of completion of new buildings is not such that everyone gets new apartments, often the purchase is carried out on the secondary market. And the “physicists” -sellers do not want to bother with registration and accreditation, obtaining electronic signatures and so on, because they sell one or two apartments to the state for a maximum of life. As a result, many procedures broke down and now sometimes break down, that is, there was money, the desire and state guarantees to buy an apartment for the child, too, but no one offered the apartment as a result.
When buying an apartment there is at least a paper contract, it is necessarily registered, so people are afraid to simply deal with the electronic history at the entrance. And in many other cases there is another fear factor: as a result of the bidding, there is often no paper contract, only a signed electronic file. And this, too, scares many to trembling big deals.
Now the problem of non-attendance at the procedures has been partially solved at the level of standards. If the supplier does not come to the auction (in our example, the seller of the apartment), then the law allows the customer to conduct a request for proposals (another type of procurement procedure), and if the supplier does not come there, then it is possible to coordinate with the Federal Antimonopoly Service the purchase from a single supplier, whom the customer will choose, and the conclusion of a contract with him will be on paper. FAS always swears at the irrationality of such a procedure, but confirms this crutch.
Privatization of property
There is still such a direction as property privatization. These can be some large real estate objects or vehicles. Typically, entrepreneurs, most often from small and medium-sized businesses, acquire from the state by force two or three objects of movable or immovable property. This usually also occurs at most a couple of times in a lifetime. And for the sake of this, you must also go through the whole procedure, starting with the purchase of an electronic signature and ending with accreditation on the site. Many municipalities say that citizens are afraid or are not able to draw up an electronic signature and use it correctly.
This is decided by training. We try either to speak independently in the regions, or organize educational seminars with the help of those who have already passed this procedure. We conduct training events for applicants (suppliers or applicants) and for local officials. We ask you to provide computer classes (if any) in local structures and organizations supporting small and medium-sized businesses to develop practical skills in using signatures or on-site work. They are given to us and we tell how to participate in tenders for privatization.
Recently, such an event was in Omsk. In general, such seminars are held annually in the framework of regional economic and investment forums: in the Kaluga, Tula, Ryazan regions, Omsk, Yakutia, Sakhalin and many other places.
Mistakes
Along with fears, we eradicate problems with the legal component, which pushes procurement participants to commit violations in the use of electronic signatures. For example, a top mistake - the head transfers the “flash drive” with the electronic signature to his subordinate. Most often, this is one of his deputies, assistants or secretary. While the employee is working as it should, there are no problems. Until a certain point, this is not a problem. When the manager says that he has not authorized something, the problem begins. Because the "flash drive" is a legitimate means of identifying him as a signatory. And all personal data on it is also stored.
It is impossible to copy such ES from the media without special technical means (but you can issue two copies at once, if necessary), but I also encountered cases when a dismissed employee simply left her (not all managers understand that it is necessary to revoke a certificate or take away the medium) , and when just a person authorized something that he himself had no right to.
The second feature is now so technologically arranged that for registration in the Unified Register of Procurement Participants (ERUZ, introduced on January 1, 2019), the head must be registered first from the legal entity. Managers often do not want to do this, they want to draw up signatures by proxy for a second or third employee, most often a financial director. But you can’t do it right away, because when you register with ERUZ, the data from the USRLE is automatically pulled up, and the manager’s personal data is saved there. If you are reading this now, then this is an instruction for action: the first to identify the CEO in all systems and services. And then he will be able to authorize the rest of his employees.
The following story is some ancient mail clients who cut email containers from emails. By sending documents signed by electronic signature using the special Crypto-ARM software via the old client, the user does not know that on the other end they can receive just a file, and not a document encrypted correctly. And in fact the letter is broken, and the signature itself is not. This does not happen through the personal accounts of departments, but when sending by e-mail from an old client, it can.
In the regions, accounting does not understand how to register an electronic document. In general, ES scares many companies and organizations that work the old fashioned way. They are trying to understand what is more important - a document on paper or electronic. A very simple example: according to the rules of accounting, an accountant must have closing documents. Perhaps the tax officer in the village will understand that they have a continuing education program. But the accountant grandmother can intimidate the leader with heavenly punishment, and he will not accept the electronic closing document.
Signatures are lost, damaged in factories by EMP pulses and left in safes, from which they lost their keys. In general, the call center has something to do. Not everyone knows that you can initially make a copy of the electronic signature and, if necessary, use two keys. Not everyone knows that you can revoke a certificate in case of loss of electronic signature.
The real shock for many is that ES has a validity period, and the certificate must be renewed. It seems to them that this is something like a seal that is indestructible and unshakable in a safe. And when the renewal period comes, they swear, thinking that the certification center wants to warm up on them.
Many do not know that an electronic signature is not only an authorization token at the trading site. They don’t realize that with its help it is possible to file reports, send a complaint to the Federal Antimonopoly Service, a report to Rospatent, the results of scientific work, etc. after bidding, however, it will be necessary to install other software for this, but you can still not get the second and third signatures on yourself.
Mobile devices
On the other hand, people use phones and tablets very well. With a terrible fear of a "large computer with Excel," they quite normally do all the operations in web-based offices with telephones. And they are guided in the application of public services. And so on. Therefore, now we are improving the mobile version with all our might and have introduced cloud electronic signature technology. Fear gradually disappears as more user-friendly interfaces appear.
Why is that? Because for many, oddly enough, the telephone is the first personal computer. Moreover, personal, with social networks and video calls.