How to improve the “bastard mineral”, or the new interface for the solar panel
The Perovsky bastards were, if not the most powerful, then certainly the most famous illegitimate clan of the Russian Empire.
Firstly, there were a lot of Perovsky bastards. Their dad, the omnipotent count Alexei Razumovsky, lived with their mother, the middle-class citizen Maria Sobolevskaya, in a civil marriage, as they say today, for over 35 years. And he produced ten children who received the invented surname “Perovskys” specially for them.
Secondly, all the Perovskiy bastards were terribly active - it was not for nothing that their clan motto was the phrase “Not to be heard, but to be.”
Perhaps there is no such area where “sudden counts” or their descendants are not noted. Perovskys were ministers of internal affairs and regicide, governors of St. Petersburg and the feodosi city governors, they played the Great Game with England from Central Asia and wrote the book “Guys and Animals,” were consuls general in Genoa and political prisoners, were friends with Zhukovsky and planted forests in Kazakhstan, one representative of the surname invented the fairy tale “Black Chicken”, and four others - the greatest Russian philosopher, author of the aphorism “Once you lied, who will believe you?”.
From the Perovskiy bastards there was a flowering shrub of Perovskiy, the phrase "Our land is rich, there is only no order", the name of the Moscow district of Perovo, called in honor of their once estate near Moscow and the mineral Perovskite, first found in the Urals.
Future regicide Sofia Perovskaya (right)
We’ll talk about him.
In connection with this mineral, the last name of Perovsky has been remembered in recent years not only in our country, but almost in all corners of the world. For one simple reason - perovskite thin-film solar cells, which we already wrote about, are today the main alternative to traditional silicon solar cells.
So far, this alternative is rather potential, but three global advantages are forcing perovskites more and more actively. The first is the cheapness of production, perovskite solar panels can be printed on special inkjet or matrix printers without the use of vacuum processes. Number two - unlike fragile and breakable silicon batteries, perovskite can be made on substrates made of PET aka lavsan - a common material for plastic bottles and, thirdly, flexibility, due to which film photo modules can be mounted on the walls of buildings and curved surfaces of automobile glasses, receiving independent heating, or power supply.
As good as good, good is not good - perovskites are still unstable and quickly degrade, although they give comparable efficiencies compared to silicon analogues (the efficiency record for perovskites is 25.2%, for silicon elements - 26.7%). At present, many research teams around the world are engaged in increasing the efficiency of perovskite photocells, and most studies are devoted to the selection of the chemical composition of perovskite, the stabilization of the operation of devices, and the introduction of new nanomaterials.
And now, the news. Scientists of NUST “MISiS” and the University of Tor Vergata (Milan, Italy) revealed that the microscopic dose of two-dimensional titanium carbide in the composition of the perovskite photocell significantly changes its ability to collect electric charges, increasing the total efficiency to 20.14%. The results are published in the prestigious journal Nature Materials.
The international team of the Laboratory for Advanced Solar Energy (LASE - Laboratory for Advanced Solar Energy), the Department of Functional Nanosystems and High-Temperature Materials (FTSiVTM) NITU MISiS and researchers at the Italian University of Ver Vergata, led by Professor Aldo di Carlo, proposed an original solution - enrichment (doping) of perovskite two-dimensional substances based on metal carbide (maxenes).
“ We found that Maksens, due to their unique two-dimensional structure, can be used to adjust the surface properties of perovskite, which allows us to develop a new optimization strategy for these third-generation solar cells ,” commented Professor Aldo Di Carlo .
A thin-film perovskite photocell has a sandwich structure, between the layers of which the process of collecting electrons occurs, as a result of which the energy of sunlight is converted into electrical energy. Roughly speaking, the less energy-intensive this process of electronic displacement occurs, the more efficiently the whole module works, and the addition of maxen improves this process.
“ To improve the efficiency of perovskite-based solar panels, careful assembly of the device and the development of an internal“ interface ”for the battery to improve the optoelectronic properties and the process of charge extraction on the electrodes are necessary, ” said Danila Saranin , one of the authors of the work, an engineer at the promising solar power laboratory of MISiS NUST . - To solve this problem, together with our Italian colleagues, we conducted a series of experiments on the introduction of nanomaterials based on titanium carbide in a microscopic amount of 0.14 mg / ml into almost all internal structures of the perovskite module. As a result, it was possible to increase the efficiency of the solar battery by more than 25% compared with the original prototypes . "
Maksens were successively introduced into different layers of the perovskite solar cell. The configurations were tested with the introduction of maxenes in the photoabsorbing perovskite layer, in the electron transport layer of titanium dioxide, and also on the “interface” between them. After analyzing the results, scientists found that the effect is most pronounced when the maxen are present in all the layers described, as well as on the interface. The experimental results are confirmed by appropriate modeling of the resulting structures.
The work of the international team is unique in that it is the first scientific work that not only described a series of experiments and the results obtained, but also explained the mechanisms that occur in modified perovskite from a physicochemical point of view.
“The main result of this work is the detection of changes in the electrophysical properties of semiconductors when modified by maxenes, which opens up great prospects in the future for the use of new nanomaterial in real production ,” added Anna Poznyak , one of the co-authors of the study, researcher at the Department of Federal Tax and VTM NITU MISiS .
Currently, the team is working on stabilizing the resulting device and increasing its effectiveness.
Firstly, there were a lot of Perovsky bastards. Their dad, the omnipotent count Alexei Razumovsky, lived with their mother, the middle-class citizen Maria Sobolevskaya, in a civil marriage, as they say today, for over 35 years. And he produced ten children who received the invented surname “Perovskys” specially for them.
Secondly, all the Perovskiy bastards were terribly active - it was not for nothing that their clan motto was the phrase “Not to be heard, but to be.”
Perhaps there is no such area where “sudden counts” or their descendants are not noted. Perovskys were ministers of internal affairs and regicide, governors of St. Petersburg and the feodosi city governors, they played the Great Game with England from Central Asia and wrote the book “Guys and Animals,” were consuls general in Genoa and political prisoners, were friends with Zhukovsky and planted forests in Kazakhstan, one representative of the surname invented the fairy tale “Black Chicken”, and four others - the greatest Russian philosopher, author of the aphorism “Once you lied, who will believe you?”.
From the Perovskiy bastards there was a flowering shrub of Perovskiy, the phrase "Our land is rich, there is only no order", the name of the Moscow district of Perovo, called in honor of their once estate near Moscow and the mineral Perovskite, first found in the Urals.
Future regicide Sofia Perovskaya (right)
We’ll talk about him.
In connection with this mineral, the last name of Perovsky has been remembered in recent years not only in our country, but almost in all corners of the world. For one simple reason - perovskite thin-film solar cells, which we already wrote about, are today the main alternative to traditional silicon solar cells.
So far, this alternative is rather potential, but three global advantages are forcing perovskites more and more actively. The first is the cheapness of production, perovskite solar panels can be printed on special inkjet or matrix printers without the use of vacuum processes. Number two - unlike fragile and breakable silicon batteries, perovskite can be made on substrates made of PET aka lavsan - a common material for plastic bottles and, thirdly, flexibility, due to which film photo modules can be mounted on the walls of buildings and curved surfaces of automobile glasses, receiving independent heating, or power supply.
As good as good, good is not good - perovskites are still unstable and quickly degrade, although they give comparable efficiencies compared to silicon analogues (the efficiency record for perovskites is 25.2%, for silicon elements - 26.7%). At present, many research teams around the world are engaged in increasing the efficiency of perovskite photocells, and most studies are devoted to the selection of the chemical composition of perovskite, the stabilization of the operation of devices, and the introduction of new nanomaterials.
And now, the news. Scientists of NUST “MISiS” and the University of Tor Vergata (Milan, Italy) revealed that the microscopic dose of two-dimensional titanium carbide in the composition of the perovskite photocell significantly changes its ability to collect electric charges, increasing the total efficiency to 20.14%. The results are published in the prestigious journal Nature Materials.
The international team of the Laboratory for Advanced Solar Energy (LASE - Laboratory for Advanced Solar Energy), the Department of Functional Nanosystems and High-Temperature Materials (FTSiVTM) NITU MISiS and researchers at the Italian University of Ver Vergata, led by Professor Aldo di Carlo, proposed an original solution - enrichment (doping) of perovskite two-dimensional substances based on metal carbide (maxenes).
“ We found that Maksens, due to their unique two-dimensional structure, can be used to adjust the surface properties of perovskite, which allows us to develop a new optimization strategy for these third-generation solar cells ,” commented Professor Aldo Di Carlo .
A thin-film perovskite photocell has a sandwich structure, between the layers of which the process of collecting electrons occurs, as a result of which the energy of sunlight is converted into electrical energy. Roughly speaking, the less energy-intensive this process of electronic displacement occurs, the more efficiently the whole module works, and the addition of maxen improves this process.
“ To improve the efficiency of perovskite-based solar panels, careful assembly of the device and the development of an internal“ interface ”for the battery to improve the optoelectronic properties and the process of charge extraction on the electrodes are necessary, ” said Danila Saranin , one of the authors of the work, an engineer at the promising solar power laboratory of MISiS NUST . - To solve this problem, together with our Italian colleagues, we conducted a series of experiments on the introduction of nanomaterials based on titanium carbide in a microscopic amount of 0.14 mg / ml into almost all internal structures of the perovskite module. As a result, it was possible to increase the efficiency of the solar battery by more than 25% compared with the original prototypes . "
Maksens were successively introduced into different layers of the perovskite solar cell. The configurations were tested with the introduction of maxenes in the photoabsorbing perovskite layer, in the electron transport layer of titanium dioxide, and also on the “interface” between them. After analyzing the results, scientists found that the effect is most pronounced when the maxen are present in all the layers described, as well as on the interface. The experimental results are confirmed by appropriate modeling of the resulting structures.
The work of the international team is unique in that it is the first scientific work that not only described a series of experiments and the results obtained, but also explained the mechanisms that occur in modified perovskite from a physicochemical point of view.
“The main result of this work is the detection of changes in the electrophysical properties of semiconductors when modified by maxenes, which opens up great prospects in the future for the use of new nanomaterial in real production ,” added Anna Poznyak , one of the co-authors of the study, researcher at the Department of Federal Tax and VTM NITU MISiS .
Currently, the team is working on stabilizing the resulting device and increasing its effectiveness.
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