ã«ããã®äžã«ããããã®æåããããŸãïŒ è±å¯ã«è¿·åã«ãªããªãããã«ããã¹ãŠã®ã¢ã€ãã ã¯èŠåºãã§åŒ·èª¿è¡šç€ºãããŸãã
2. HTMLã®ããŒãžã§ã³ã¯äœã§ããïŒ
HTMLã®æåã®ããŒãžã§ã³ïŒ1989ïŒã«ã¯ããŒãžã§ã³çªå·ããããŸããã§ããã ããã¯ãã ã®HTMLã§ããã 1995幎ã«Internet Engineering Task ForceïŒIETFïŒã«ãã£ãŠãªãªãŒã¹ãããHTMLã®æåã®æšæºåãããããŒãžã§ã³ã¯ãHTML 2.0ãšåŒã°ããŠããŸããã
WWWã³ã³ãœãŒã·ã¢ã ïŒW3CïŒã¯åŸã«èšç«ãããŸããã 圌ã¯1997幎ã«æåã®æšæºåããŒãžã§ã³ã§ããHTML 3.2ãçºè¡šããŸããã ãã®åŸç¶ã§ããHTML 4.0ã¯1998幎ã«ãªãªãŒã¹ããã1999幎ã«ããã«HTML 4.01ã«å€æŽãããŸãããããã¯HTMLã®ææ°ã®ææ°ããŒãžã§ã³ã§ãã W3Cã¯ãHTMLã®å°æ¥ã®ããŒãžã§ã³ããªãªãŒã¹ããªãããšãçºè¡šããŸããã HTMLããã¥ã¡ã³ãã®äœæã«ã¯HTML 4.01ããå§ãããŸãã
ããã«ãé¢ãããã Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group ïŒWHATWGïŒã¯ãæçµçã«æšå¥šãããW3Cã«ãªãããšãæåŸ ããŠãããããHTML5ã«åãçµãã§ããŸãã
5. DOCTYPE宣èšã¯äœãããŸããïŒ
ææžå ã®ããŒã¯ã¢ããã®åã«ããDOCTYPE宣èšã¯ãé垞次ã®ããã«ãªããŸãã
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
ããã¥ã¡ã³ãã®ã«ãŒãèŠçŽ ã®ã¿ã€ãïŒ<html>ïŒããããªãã¯èå¥åãããã³ã·ã¹ãã èå¥åãå®çŸ©ããŸãã
ãããªãã¯èå¥åïŒ -// W3C // DTD HTML 4.01 // EN ïŒã¯ã誰ãããã¥ã¡ã³ãã¿ã€ã宣èšïŒDTDïŒïŒ W3C ïŒã䜿çšãããã瀺ããŸãã DTDåïŒ DTD HTML 4.01 ïŒ; ããã³DTDãèšè¿°ãããŠããèšèªïŒ EN ãã€ãŸãè±èªïŒã DTDã¯WebããŒãžèªäœã®èšèªã瀺ããŠããªãããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ããã DTDãã³ã³ãã€ã«ãããèšèªã瀺ããŸãã
ã·ã¹ãã èå¥åïŒ www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd ïŒã¯ã䜿çšãããDTDãžã®ãã¹ã§ãã
DOCTYPE宣èšã¯ãããã¥ã¡ã³ãããã§ãã¯ããDTDã®ããªããŒã¿ãŒïŒWebããŒãžã®æ§æã®ãæ£ç¢ºæ§ãããã§ãã¯ããããã°ã©ã ïŒã«æ瀺ããŸãã ãã©ãŠã¶ãŒã¯ãDOCTYPEãããã¥ã¡ã³ãã§å®£èšãããŠãããã©ãããå¿é ããå¿ èŠã¯ãããŸããããçŸä»£ã®ãã©ãŠã¶ãŒã¯ãã®å®£èšã䜿çšããŠãããŒãžããã¢ãã³ãïŒãã©ãŠã¶ãŒãä»æ§ã«åŸã£ãŠããŒãžãåŠçããïŒããå€ãæ¹æ³ã§ãïŒãã©ãŠã¶ãŒãããŒãžãåŠçããïŒããå€æããŸãå€ããã©ãŠã¶ã®ãã°ãèæ ®ã«å ¥ããŠïŒã DOCTYPEã¯ãInternet ExplorerãOperaãFirefoxïŒããã³ãã®ä»ã®Mozilla圢ã®ãã©ãŠã¶ãŒïŒãSafariãããã³ãã®ä»ã®ææ°ãã©ãŠã¶ãŒã®ããŒãžã¬ã³ããªã³ã°æ¹æ³ã«åœ±é¿ããŸãã ã·ã¹ãã èå¥åãå«ãå®å šãªDOCTYPE宣èšã¯ããã©ãŠã¶ã«ææ°ã®ããã¥ã¡ã³ãã§ããããšãäŒããŸãã ã·ã¹ãã èå¥åããªãå ŽåããŸãã¯DOCTYPE宣èšããŸã£ãããªãå Žåããã©ãŠã¶ã¯ããããå€ãæ¹æ³ãã§èšè¿°ãããããŒãžãšèŠãªãã ãquirksã¢ãŒããïŒquirkyã¢ãŒãïŒã§åŠçããŸãã
7. StrictãTransitionalãFrameset DTDã®éãã¯äœã§ããïŒ
ãããã®DTDã®éãã¯ã宣èšããèŠçŽ ãšå±æ§ãããã³èŠçŽ ã®ãã¹ãã®èŠ³å¯ãèš±å¯ïŒçŸ©åïŒããæ¹æ³ã«ãããŸãã
- HTML 4.01 Strict DTD-ãã¬ãŒã³ããŒã·ã§ã³ãšåäœããã®ã³ã³ãã³ãã®åé¢ã匷調ããŸãã ãã®DTD W3Cã¯ããã¹ãŠã®æ°ããããã¥ã¡ã³ãã«æšå¥šããŠããŸãã
- HTML 4.01 Transitional DTD-ãå€ããïŒold-scool'noyãHTMLãžïŒããŒã¯ã¢ããããã¢ãã³ãžã®ç§»è¡ã«ãããäžçš®ã®äžéãªã³ã¯ã§ãã æ°ããããã¥ã¡ã³ããæžããšãã¯ãå§ãããŸããã ããã«ã¯ã11åã®ãã¬ãŒã³ããŒã·ã§ã³èŠçŽ ïŒç¿»èš³è ã®ã¡ã¢ïŒã»ãã³ãã£ãã¯ããŒãã¯ãããŸããããå€èŠ³ãå€æŽããããã ãã«äœ¿çšãããŸãïŒããšãã°ã <font>èŠçŽ ïŒïŒããã³Strict DTDã§ãã£ã³ã»ã«ããããã¬ãŒã³ããŒã·ã§ã³å±æ§ã®å®å šãªã»ãããå«ãŸããŸãã å€ãã®å Žåããã¬ãŒã å ã«ããããŒãžã«ã¯ç§»è¡DTDãå¿ èŠã§ãã å¥ã®ãã¬ãŒã ã§ãªã³ã¯ãéãããã«å¿ èŠãªã¿ãŒã²ããå±æ§ããããŸãã
- HTML 4.01 Frameset DTD-ãã¬ãŒã ããŒã¹ã®ããŒãžã«äœ¿çšãããŸãã W3ã³ã³ãœãŒã·ã¢ã ã¯ããã¬ãŒã ã®äœ¿çšãæšå¥šããŠããŸããã ææ°ã®ãµã€ãã®å ŽåããµãŒããŒåŽã®ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã䜿çšããŠãã®ãããªåé¡ã解決ããããšããå§ãããŸãã
8.ã©ã®DOCTYPEãéžæããŸããïŒ
æ°ããããŒãžãäœæããå ŽåãW3Cã¯HTML 4.01 Strictã䜿çšããããšããå§ãããŸãïŒç¿»èš³è ã®ã¡ã¢ïŒãã¡ãããXHTML 1.0 Strictã䜿çšããæ¹ãè¯ãããšã¯èª°ã§ãç¥ã£ãŠããŸãïŒ ã
å€ãHTML 2.0ãŸãã¯HTML 3.2ããã¥ã¡ã³ãã翻蚳ããå Žåããã¬ãŒã³ããŒã·ã§ã³å šäœãCSSã«ç¿»èš³ããJavaScriptã®åäœãæ åœããèŠçŽ ãŸã§ãHTML 4.01 Transitionalã䜿çšã§ããŸãã
11.ããªããŒã¿ãŒã<embed>ã¿ã°ãèªãã®ã¯ãªãã§ããïŒ
<embed>ã¯HTMLä»æ§ã®äžéšã§ã¯ãããŸããã§ããã ããã¯æšæºåãããèŠçŽ ã§ã¯ãªããã»ãšãã©ã®ãã©ãŠã¶ã§ãµããŒããããŠããŸãããHTMLã®äžéšã§ã¯ãããŸããã
90幎代åŸåã®ããã©ãŠã¶æŠäºããéããŠãMicrosoftãNetscapeãªã©ã®ãã©ãŠã¶ã¡ãŒã«ãŒã¯ãHTMLããŒãžã®ã¹ã¿ã€ã«ãšã¹ã¿ã€ã«ãèšå®ããããã®ããã¯ãŒã«ãªæ©èœã競ãåããŸããã åé¡ã¯ããããã®æ©èœãæšæºåãããŠããããã»ãšãã©ã®å Žåãã¯ãã¹ãã©ãŠã¶ã§ã¯ãªãããšã§ããã
åºã䜿çšãããŠããä»ã®èŠçŽ ïŒäŸïŒ marquee ïŒããããŸãããä»æ§ã«ã¯å«ãŸããŠããŸããã å¯èœãªéã䜿çšããªãã§ãã ããã
æšæºåãããŠããªãå±æ§ãåºãŸã£ãŠããŸãã 1ã€ã®äŸã¯marginwidthã§ãã
13. BOMãšã¯äœã§ããïŒ
BOMãŸãã¯ãã€ããªãŒããŒããŒã¯ -8ããã以äžã䜿çšããŠããŒã¿ããšã³ã³ãŒãããäžéšã®ãšã³ã³ãŒãã§äœ¿çšãããŸãïŒããšãã°ãUTF-8ãŸãã¯UTF-16ïŒã ããã»ããµã¯ããããã°ãšã³ãã£ã¢ã³ãïŒéè§ïŒãšããªãã«ãšã³ãã£ã¢ã³ãïŒãã€ã³ãïŒã®2ã€ã®ç°ãªãã¹ããŒã ã䜿çšããŠå€§ããªæŽæ°ãæ ŒçŽã§ããŸãã BOMã«ã¯ããã¡ã€ã«ã®å é ã«æžã蟌ãŸãã16ããããå«ãŸããŠãããã©ã®ã¹ããŒã ã䜿çšãããŠãããããã©ãŠã¶ã«äŒããŸãã
æ®å¿µãªãããå€ãã®å€ããã©ãŠã¶ã¯ãã®æ å ±ãåŠçã§ããã代ããã«ãããã®ããããæåããŒã¿ãšããŠè¡šç€ºããŸãã ããŒãžã®äžéšã«å¥åŠãªæåã衚瀺ãããŠããå Žåãããã¯ãããããBOMããã©ãŠã¶ãŒã«ãã£ãŠåŠçãããªãã£ãããšïŒãŸãã¯ãšã³ã³ãŒããæ£ããèšå®ãããŠããªãããšïŒãæå³ããŸãã
å¯äžã®è§£æ±ºçã¯ãBOMã䜿çšããªãããšã§ãã éåžžãããã¥ã¡ã³ããUTF-8ã§ä¿åã§ããç·šéè ã¯ãBOMã䜿çšãããã©ãããéžæã§ããŸãã
14.䜿çšãããšã³ã³ãŒã
ã泚æ 翻蚳è ïŒãã®ã¢ã€ãã ã¯ç¿»èš³ããŸããã§ããã UTF-8ããã¹ãŠã§ããããšã¯èª°ããç¥ã£ãŠãããšæããŸãã UTF-8ã䜿çšããŸã ã ãŸããããã¥ã¡ã³ããä¿åãããšãã¯ã BOMãªãã®UTF-8ãéžæããŸãã
16.æžãå¿ èŠãããçç± ä»£ããã«ïŒïŒ
泚ïŒç§ã®HTMLã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ã¯ãã¢ã³ããµã³ãã®åŸã«ã¹ããŒã¹ãå ¥ããŠæžã蟌ãŸããŸããããããªããšãHabrããŒãµãŒã¯æ¬æ¥ã®ããã«è¡šç€ºããŸããã
HTMLã§ã¯ãäžéšã®æåã«ç¹å¥ãªæå³ããããŸãïŒ < ïŒããå°ãªãïŒã > ïŒããå€ãïŒã ïŒ ïŒã¢ã³ããµã³ãïŒã " ïŒåŒçšç¬ŠïŒã ' ïŒã¢ãã¹ãããã£ïŒããããã®ã¢ã€ã³ã³ããã¬ãŒã³ããã¹ãã§äœ¿çšããå Žåã¯ãHTMLã§çœ®ãæããå¿ èŠããããŸã-ã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ã
äžèšã®æåã®4æåã®å Žåãã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«ãªããŸãã
- ïŒlt; ïŒå°ãªãïŒ
- ïŒgt; ïŒãã£ãšïŒ
- ïŒamp; ïŒã¢ã³ããµã³ãïŒ
- ïŒquot; ïŒåŒçšç¬ŠïŒ
XMLã¯ã¢ãã¹ãããã£ïŒ ïŒapos; ïŒã®HTMLã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ãå®çŸ©ããŸãããHTMLã«ã¯ãã®ã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ã¯å«ãŸããŸããã ã¢ãã¹ãããã£ã¯ãæ°å€ã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ïŒ ïŒïŒ39; ïŒã§ã®ã¿çœ®ãæããããšãã§ããŸã ã ã泚æ 翻蚳è ïŒèå³ã®ããã«ãç§ã¯å°ããªå®éšãè¡ããŸããã å®éã«ã¯ãã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ãšã¢ã; IEïŒãã¹ãŠã®ããŒãžã§ã³ïŒãé€ããã¹ãŠã®ãã©ãŠã¶ãŒïŒFF3ãOpera 9ãSafari 3ãGoogle ChromeïŒã¯ã¢ãã¹ãããã£ã解éããŸãã
ãªããªã ã¢ã³ããµã³ãã¯ãããã®ãã¹ãŠã®ã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ã§äœ¿çšãããŸããå±æ§å ãç¹ã«ãªã³ã¯ã®hrefå±æ§ã§äœ¿çšãããå Žåãå«ããåžžã«HTMLã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ã«å€æããå¿ èŠããããŸãã æ®å¿µãªãããã¢ã³ããµã³ãã¯åŒæ°ã®åºåãæåãšããŠURIã§éåžžã«äžè¬çã§ãã
ã»ãšãã©ã®å ŽåãHTMLã§ã¯ãã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ã«çœ®ãæããããªãã¢ã³ããµã³ãã¯äœãå£ããŸããïŒãã ããXHTMLã¯å¥ã®è©±ã§ãïŒã ããããhtmlã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ã®ååã«äžèŽããã¯ãšãªãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãŒãçºçããå Žåã¯ã©ããªãã§ããããã
21.䜿çšãããã®ã<p>ãŸãã¯<br />ïŒ
pèŠçŽ ã¯ãããã¹ãå ã®æ®µèœã匷調衚瀺ããããã«äœ¿çšãããŸãã 段èœãšã¯ã1ã€ã®æèã«ãã£ãŠçµåããã1ã€ä»¥äžã®æã§ãã
è¡ã®æãè¿ã ïŒ br ïŒã¯äž»ã«ãã¬ãŒã³ããŒã·ã§ã³ããŒã«ãšããŠäœ¿çšãããHTMLã§ã¯ãªãCSSã§å®è£ ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã ãã ããè©©ãæã®è¡ãããŒã¯ã¢ãããããšããéµéå äœæãæžããšãããŸãã¯ã³ãŒããµã³ãã«ãããŒã¯ã¢ãããããšããªã©ãæ¹è¡ãã»ãã³ãã£ãã¯ãªæå³ãæã€ããšãã§ããããã€ãã®ç¶æ³ããããŸãã ãããã®å Žåã brã䜿çšããããšã¯æ£åœåãããŸããã brã䜿çšããŠæ®µèœãåºåãããšã¯åãå ¥ããããŸããã
äžæ¹ã pã«ã¯æå³ãããªãæ確ãªæå³ããããŸãã段èœããŒã¯ã¢ããã§ãã Webéçºè ã¯ãã³ã³ãããšããŠäœ¿çšããã¡ã€ã³ãããã¯ãšããŠpãæ€èšããåŸåããããŸãããããã¯æ£ãããããŸããã ãã©ãŒã ã®på ã«ã©ãã«èŠçŽ ãšå ¥åèŠçŽ ã衚瀺ãããããšã¯çãããããŸããããæå³çã«æ£ãããªããšåŒã³ãŸãã ã©ãã«ãšå ¥åãã£ãŒã«ãã段èœã³ã³ãã³ãã«ããããšã¯ã§ããŸããã
23. <b>ãš<i>ã<strong>ãš<em>ã«çœ®ãæãã䟡å€ã¯ãããŸããïŒ
æ¬åœã«äœãã匷調ãããå Žåã«ã®ã¿ïŒäœãã匷調ãããã€ã©ã€ãããŸãïŒã ãããã®ã¿ã°ã¯åçã§ã¯ãããŸããã
Old Time of Troublesã§ã¯ãèè ã¯åèªã®ã»ãã³ãã£ãã¯ã«ã©ãŒãªã³ã°ã匷åããããã«bãšiã䜿çšããŸããã
Present Not Less Sad Timesã§ã¯ãèè ã¯ããã¹ãã倪åãŸãã¯æäœã«ããããã«strongãšemã䜿çšããŸãã
emã¯æå³çã¹ãã¬ã¹ãæå³ã®å¢å¹ ãæå³ããŸãã ãã®ã¿ã€ãã®åŒ·èª¿è¡šç€ºãé©çšãããã³ã³ãã³ãã¯ã声ãåºããŠèªã¿ãªããïŒããšãã°ããã倧ãããŸãã¯ããé·ãïŒå¢å¹ ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã 匷ããšããããšã¯ãããã«ã¹ãã¬ã¹ããããããšãæå³ããŸãããå€ãã®å ŽåãäžèŠã§ãããšèŠãªãããŸãïŒãã¹ããããemã䜿çšããŠãããã«ã¹ãã¬ã¹ã瀺ãããšãã§ããŸãïŒã äžéšã®å°é家ã¯ãããŒãžäžã®ç¹å®ã®èŠçŽ ïŒãçŸåšã®ããŒãžãã®ã€ã³ããã¯ã¹ãªã©ïŒã®ã¿ãæ確ã«åŒ·èª¿ããæ¬æå ã®åèªããã¬ãŒãºãããŒã¯ããªãããã«ããããšããå§ãããŸãã
bãšiã«ã¯ã»ãã³ãã£ãã¯ããŒãã¯ãããŸããã ãã©ã³ãã倪åãŸãã¯æäœã«å€æŽããã ãã§ãã æå³çã«é©åãªHTMLèŠçŽ ãèŠã€ããããªãã£ãäžè¬çã«åãå ¥ããããŠãã掻çå°å·èŠåã§ã®äœ¿çšã«é©ããŠããŸãã ããšãã°ãè¹åã¯äŒçµ±çã«æäœã§è¡šç€ºãããŸãããHTMLã«ã¯<ship>èŠçŽ ã¯ãããŸããã ãããã£ãŠã<i> Titanic <i>ãšæžãããšãã§ããŸãã
27. <address>èŠçŽ ãæ£ãã䜿çšããæ¹æ³ã¯ïŒ
ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã¯ ãããŒãžäžã®é£çµ¡å æ å ±ã瀺ãããã«äœ¿çšãããŸãã ããã¯ãäœæãé»è©±çªå·ããã®ä»ã®é£çµ¡å æ å ±ã§ãã ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã¯ãããã¹ãèŠçŽ ãšã€ã³ã©ã€ã³èŠçŽ ã®ã¿ãå«ãããšãã§ãããããã¯èŠçŽ ã§ãã ã»ãšãã©ã®ãã©ãŠã¶ã§ã¯ããã©ã«ãã§æäœã衚瀺ãããŸãããããã¯CSSã䜿çšããŠç°¡åã«ä¿®æ£ã§ããŸãã
ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã¯éµéå äœæã瀺ãããã«ã®ã¿äœ¿çšã§ãããšãã誀解ã¯ããç¥ãããŠããŸãããããã§ã¯ãããŸããã
28. <dfn>èŠçŽ ã®äœ¿çšæ¹æ³ã¯ïŒ
dfn㯠ããçšèªã®æå³ãå®çŸ©ãããããã«äœ¿çšãããŸãã ããã¯ãç¹ã«ç§åŠææžã§äžè¬çã«åãå ¥ããããŠããã€ã¿ãªãã¯äœã®è¡šèšæ³ã§ãããã€ã¿ãªãã¯äœã§å®çŸ©ãããã¹ãã«æåã«çŸãããšãã«èªè ããªãã¿ã®ãªãæ°ããçšèªã匷調ããŠããŸãã ããã©ã«ãã§ã¯ã dfnã¯æäœã§è¡šç€ºãããŸãã
dfnã¯ãç¥èªããæå³ãããšããããç¥ããã誀解ã§ãããå€ãã®èè ã¯ãããç¥èªããã³é åèª ïŒtitleå±æ§ã䜿çšããŠçšèªã®èª¬æã瀺ãïŒãšããŠã䜿çšããŠããŸãã ææžå ã§çšèªãdfnã§ããŒã¯ããå¿ èŠãããã®ã¯1åã ãã§ã ïŒçšèªãåããŠäœ¿çšããŠèª¬æããå ŽåïŒã
29. <var>èŠçŽ ãæ£ãã䜿çšããæ¹æ³ã¯ïŒ
var㯠ãå€æ°ããŸãã¯ããã¹ãã®çœ®æå¯èœãªéšåãããŒã¯ã¢ããããããã«äœ¿çšãããŸãã ããã¯ãå®éã®ç掻ã§ã¯ä»ã®ããŒã¿ã«çœ®ãæããããæäœã®å€æ°ã匷調ããããã«æ¡çšããã掻çå°å·ã®å¥çŽã§ãã ããšãã°ãé»è©±éä¿¡ããã¥ã¢ã«ã§ã¯ãçä¿¡é話ãå¥ã®å ç·çªå·ã«ãªãã€ã¬ã¯ãããæé ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«ãªããŸãã
<kbd>* 21 * <var> </var> #</kbd>
ããã§ã¯ã varã¿ã°ã䜿çšããŠãè¿œå ã®çªå·ãã瀺ããŸãïŒã€ã¿ãªãã¯äœã«ãªããŸãïŒã ã³ãŒã«ãè¿œå ã®çªå·942ã«ãªãã€ã¬ã¯ãããå Žåã¯ãã 21 * 942ïŒ ããšæžã蟌ã¿ãŸãã varã¯ããd-o-p-o-l-n-and-t-e-l-n-n-y-n-o-m-e-rããšå ¥åããå¿ èŠãããããšãæå³ããŸãããããããè¿œå ã®æ°åããšããèšèã®ä»£ããã«æ°åããããŸãã
ã³ãŒãäŸã§å€æ°ã瀺ãããã«varã䜿çšããå¿ èŠããããšãã誀解ã¯ããç¥ãããŠããŸãã
31. <abbr>ã¿ã°ãš<acronym>ã¿ã°ã®éãã¯äœã§ããïŒ
誰ãæ¬åœã«ãã®è³ªåã«çããããšã¯ã§ããŸããïŒ HTMLä»æ§ã§ãããå€å°ççŸããŠããŸãã
abbrã¯ãããã©ãŠã¶æŠäºãã®éäžãHTMLçšã®Netscapeæ¡åŒµæ©èœã§ããã é åèªã¯Microsoftã®æ¡åŒµæ©èœã§ããã äž¡æ¹ã®ãªãã·ã§ã³ã¯ãã»ãŒåãããšãæå³ããŸãã äž¡æ¹ã®èŠçŽ ã¯ãç°ãªãã»ãã³ãã£ãã¯ããŒãã§HTMLä»æ§ã«å«ãŸããŠããŸããã åé¡ã¯ããã®ã»ãã³ãã£ã¯ã¹ãäœã§ãããã誰ãå®éã«èª¬æã§ããªãããšã§ãã
èŸæžãèŠãŠã¿ãŸãããã
ç¥èªã¯ãåèªãŸãã¯èªå¥ã®ç¥èªã§ãã
é åèª-ãã¬ãŒãºãŸãã¯è€æ°ã®åèªã®æåã®æåãŸãã¯åèªã®æåã®æ°æåãã圢æãããåèªã
é åèªã®å®çŸ©ã§ã¯ããã®èšèãã€ãŸã 話ãããšãã§ããŸãã ãããã£ãŠããNATOãã¯é åèªã§ãã ãå倧西æŽæ¡çŽæ©æ§ããšãããã¬ãŒãºã®æåã®æåã§æ§æãããŠããŸãã ããã©ãããããFBIãã¯åèªå šäœãšããŠçºé³ã§ããªãããããeh-b-ahãã®ããã«èãããã®ã§ãå®çŸ©ãããŠããããã«é åèªã§ã¯ãããŸããã ãããæ··ä¹±ã®å§ãŸãã§ãã æè¡çã«ã¯ããFBIãã¯åæåïŒç¿»èš³è ã®æ³šèšïŒå ã®ãåæåãã§ã¯ïŒã§ãããèŸæžã§ã®å®çŸ©ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«èãããããšãç¥ãããŠããŸãã
åæå-1ïŒåå¥ã®åèªãšããŠçºé³ãããåèªã®æåã®æåãŸãã¯æåã®æ°æåãã圢æãããååãŸãã¯çšèªã 2ïŒååãçµç¹ãªã©ãæå³ããæåã®æåã®ã°ã«ãŒããåå¥ã«çºé³ãããŸãã
æåã®å®çŸ©ã¯é åèªãšã»ãŒåãã§ããã2çªç®ã®å®çŸ©ã¯ããé ãã§ãã ããã«ãããããããä»æ§ã«ã¯åæ䞻矩ã®èŠçŽ ã¯ãªããæ··ä¹±ã¯ãåçŽãªã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ã¹ããŒãã®ãé åèªããšããåèªããåæ䞻矩ããšããåèªã®å矩èªãšããŠäœ¿çšãããŠãããšããäºå®ã«ãã£ãŠæªåããŠããŸãã
HTMLä»æ§ã«ã¯ã次ã®å®çŸ©ããããŸãã
abbr-çç¥åœ¢ã瀺ããŸãïŒäŸïŒWWWãHTTPãURIãMassãªã©ïŒã
é åèª -é åèªïŒäŸïŒWACãã¬ãŒããŒãªã©ïŒã瀺ããŸãã
ä»æ§ã§ã¯èŸæžã®å®çŸ©ãåç §ããŠããããã§ããã€ãŸãããFBIãã«abbrã®ã¿ã°ãä»ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã äžèšã§è©±ãããšã¯ã§ããŸããã ããã«ãããããããä»æ§ã®äžã«ããã€ãã®æ®µèœããããŸãïŒ
西æŽã®èšèªã§ã¯ãMããInc.ãªã©ã®ç¥èªãšããŠãGmbHãNATOãFBIãªã©ã®é åèªãåºã䜿çšãããŠããŸãã
ãŸã æ··ä¹±ããŠããŸãããïŒ ã¯ãã ãã¹ãŠã®é åèªãç¥èªã§ãããããã®éã§ã¯ãªããããåžžã«abbrã䜿çšããã®ãæãå®å šã§ãã ããã«ãããããããããããªåé¡ããããŸãã Microsoftã¯ãç¥èªãé åèªã®ä»£ããã«abbrã䜿çšãããšããW3Cã®æ±ºå®ã«è ¹ãç«ãŠã abbrã¿ã°ã®ãµããŒããæåŠããŸããã ïŒãã ããInternet Explorer 7ã§ã¯abbrãµããŒããåŒãç¶ãå°å ¥ãããŠããŸããïŒ
ããã§ã貧ãããŠã§ãéçºè ã¯äœãããŸããïŒ ãããŠããªãç§ãã¡ã¯ãŸã£ããæ°ã«ããå¿ èŠããããŸããïŒ ãã¡ããã titleå±æ§ãã¢ã¿ããã§ããèŠçŽ ããããšäŸ¿å©ã§ããã spanã§ãåæ§ã«ã§ããŸãã äžçªäžã®è¡ã¯ãé åèªãšç¥èªãããŒã¯ã¢ãããããšãé¢é£ãããã¯ãããžãŒã«é©ããŠãããšããããšã§ãã ç¹ã«ã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ãªãŒããŒçšã ãã ããã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ãªãŒããŒã¯abbrããã³acronymã¿ã°ãç¡èŠããããšã奜ã¿ãŸã ã ããããæ£ãã䜿çšããæ¹æ³ã¯èª°ã«ãããããŸãããMicrosoftã¯abbrã¿ã°ããµããŒãããŠããŸããã ããã¯äž¡åã®å£ã§ãã
ãã®çãã®è³ªåãããããŸããïŒ å人çã«ã¯ããIncãããªã©ã®æçœãªç¥èªããFBIããªã©ã®é åèªã«ã¯abbrã䜿çšãããGIFããªã©ã®åèªã®ããã«èªããç¥èªã«ã¯é åèªã䜿çšããŸãã ããããä»æ§ã«ããã°ããFBIããé åèªãšããŠããŒã¯ããããšã誰ã«ãéé£ããããšã¯ã§ããŸããã ãããããSQLãã«ã€ããŠã¯ã©ãã§ãããããäžéšã®åªæãäžéšã§ã¯ãç¶ç·šããšåŒã°ããŠããŸãã
32.ç¹å®ã®æ©èœããã£ã³ã»ã«ãããã®ã¯ãªãã§ããïŒ
åå¿è ãèå³ãæã£ãŠããæãäžè¬çãªæ©èœã¯ã ã¿ãŒã²ããå±æ§ã§ãã ãã®å±æ§ã¯HTML 4.01 Strictã§ã¯èš±å¯ãããŠããŸããããHTML 4.01 Transitionalã§ã¯åŒãç¶ããµããŒããããŠããŸãã Transitionalã§ã¯èš±å¯ãããŠãããStrictã§ã¯èš±å¯ãããŠããªãèŠçŽ ãšå±æ§ãå€æ°ãããŸãã
W3Cãç¹å®ã®èŠçŽ ãšå±æ§ããªãŒããŒã©ã€ãããçç±ã¯ãã³ã³ãã³ãïŒHTMLïŒãå€èŠ³ïŒCSSïŒãããã³åäœïŒJavaScriptïŒãåé¢ããããã§ãã ã¢ã€ãã ãäžå€®ã«è¡šç€ºããããšã¯ãã¬ãŒã³ããŒã·ã§ã³ã®åé¡ã§ãã ã»ã³ã¿ãŒã¿ã°ã䜿çšããã«ãCSSã§è§£æ±ºããå¿ èŠããããŸãã ãªã³ã¯ãæ°ãããŠã£ã³ããŠã§éãããšã¯åäœã®åé¡ã§ãã ã¿ãŒã²ããå±æ§ã䜿çšããã«ãJavaScriptã䜿çšããŠè§£æ±ºããå¿ èŠããããŸãã
åºæ¬çã«ããã£ã³ã»ã«ãããæ©èœã¯ã90幎代ã®ãã©ãŠã¶æŠäºäžã«ç»å Žããæ©èœã§ãã ãããã®æ©èœã¯ãäœããã®æ¹æ³ã§é åºã埩å ããããã«HTML 3.2ã«å«ãŸããŠããŸããããããã¯HTMLãçŽé¢ããäž»ãªã¿ã¹ã¯ã§ã¯ãããŸããã HTML 4ã®ãªãªãŒã¹ã§ããã®äœæè ã¯ãå°ãªããšãStrict DTDã«å«ãŸããŠããHTML 3.2ã«å«ãŸããŠãããæ害ãªãéšåãåé€ããããšã«ããããWebãåèšç·ŽãããããšããŸããã
èšãæããã°ããããã®ããšã¯çç±ã®ããã«ãã£ã³ã»ã«ãããŸãã å¯èœã§ããã°ããããã䜿çšããªãããã«ããŠãã ããã
37. HTMLããŒãžãå¥ã®ããŒãžå ã«æ¥ç¶ããæ¹æ³ã¯ïŒ
Strict DTDã䜿çšããå Žåãæå¹ãªæ¹æ³ã¯1ã€ãããããŸãã- ãªããžã§ã¯ãèŠçŽ ã䜿çšããã«ã¯ïŒ
<object type="text/html" data="http://example.com/foo.html">
Alternate content here for browsers that don't support OBJECT.
</object>
æ®å¿µãªãããInternet Explorerã§ã¯ãªããžã§ã¯ãã®ãµããŒãã¯å©çšã§ããŸããã
Transitional DTDã䜿çšããå Žåã iframeã䜿çšã§ããŸãã
<iframe src="http://example.com/foo.html">
Alternate content here for browsers that don't support IFRAME.
</iframe>