
çºè¡ãã42幎åŸã®èè ã®ã¡ã¢ïŒ
ãããããã®èšäºã§æãé¡èãªã®ã¯ãæåŸãã3çªç®ã®æ®µèœã§èª¬æãããŠãã声æã®ããã§ãã åã®45段èœãå æããé£ãããç·©åããããã«ãä»ããèªç±åœ¢åŒã§è¡šæããŸãã
ã·ã¹ãã ãèšèšããçµç¹ïŒããã§ã¯åãªãæ å ±ã·ã¹ãã ã§ã¯ãããŸããïŒã¯ãå¿ ç¶çã«çµç¹èªäœã®éä¿¡æ§é ãç¹°ãè¿ãã¢ãã«ãäœæããŸãã
ãã®ååã¯ããœãããŠã§ã¢éçºã ãã§ãªãããã®æèã§ããèšåãããããšããããŸãã
çŽ æã«æ £ããŠãããä»ã®é åãèŠãŠåãããšããå§ãããŸãã
çŸåšãç§ã®ãæ°ã«å ¥ãã®äŸã¯ãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®è²§å°ã«é¢é£ãã瀟äŒåé¡ã®è€åäœã§ããåŽååžå Žãäœå® ãæè²ãå»çãžã®ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ã§ãã èšäºãèªãã åŸãããŸããŸãªæ¿åºã®æ§é ããã®ãããªåé¡ã«å¯Ÿããæ 床ã«ã©ã®ããã«åœ±é¿ããããèããŠãã ããã
å§å¡äŒã¯ã©ã®ããã«æ°ãããã®ãäœæããŸããïŒ
ã¡ã«ãã³ã»Eã»ã³ã³ãŠã§ã€ãªãªãžãã«PDF
å šäœãç°ãªãéšåããäœæãããç¥ç掻åã¯ãã·ã¹ãã èšèšãšåŒã¶ããšãã§ããŸãã 倧èŠæš¡ãªè»äºæœèšã®æºåã瀟äŒåé¡ã®è§£æ±ºã®ããã®æšå¥šäºé ããŸãã¯ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒããã°ã©ã ã®ãªã¹ãã§ãã èšèšçµç¹ã®å žåçãªç®æšã¯ãäžè²«æ§ã®ããæ§é åãããéã®æ å ±ãå«ãããã¥ã¡ã³ããæºåããããšã§ãã ãã®æ å ±ãã·ã¹ãã ã¢ãã«ãšåŒã³ãŸãã éåžžãã€ãã·ãšãŒã¿ãŒã¯ãã¢ãã«ã䜿çšããŠãããªãã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãæäŸããã顧客ã§ãã ããšãã°ãæ¿æ²»å®¶ã¯ãæè¿ã®çœå®³ã®åçºãé²ãããã®æ³æ¡ãææ¡ããããšããŠããŸããããã¯ã圌ãããŒã ãéã£ãŠçœå®³ã®åå ãçªãæ¢ããããã§ãã ãŸãã¯ã補é æ¥è ã¯æ°è£œåãå¿ èŠãšãã責任è ãä»»åœããŠæ°è£œåã決å®ãããã®ãªãªãŒã¹ãèšç»ããŸãã
èšèšçµç¹ã¯ãèšèšãããã·ã¹ãã ã®å®è£ ã«é¢äžããå Žåãšããªãå ŽåããããŸãã å€ãã®å Žåãæ¿åºã®åãçµã¿ã§ã¯ãã°ã«ãŒããç¬èªã®å§åã«åŸã£ãŠè¡åããããšã劚ããèŠç¯ããããŸãããæ°ééšéã§ã¯éã®ç¶æ³ãåªå¢ã§ãã ãã®æ¡ä»¶ãã·ã¹ãã èšèšããã»ã¹ã«åœ±é¿ãäžãããšä»®å®ããã®ã¯åççã§ãããéçºè èªèº«ã®å°æ¥ã«ã€ããŠã®ä»ã®ã¢ã€ãã¢ããããŸãã åŸã§èŠãããã«ãåŸæ¥ã®ç®¡çç°å¢ã«ååšããã€ã³ã»ã³ãã£ãã¯ã顧客ã®ç®æšã«åããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã [1]
èšèšæé
æåã®èšèšæ®µéã§ã¯ãã·ã¹ãã ã®éçºãããããã»ã¹èªäœã®æ§é åã«èšåããŠããŸã[2]ã å®å šãªéçºã®åã«ã¯ã次ã®ãããªç¹å®ã®äºåæªçœ®ããããŸãã
- ãããžã§ã¯ã掻åã®å¢çã®æ±ºå®ãšã顧客ãšæ¢åã®çŸå®ã«ãã£ãŠç¢ºç«ãããæçµçµæã
- éçºããŒã ã®ãã©ã³ã¹ã®åãã圢æãç®æšãšããã·ã¹ãã ã®æ§é ã®åæè©äŸ¡ã
å°æ¥çã«ã¯ãããŒã ã®çµç¹æ§é ããããžã§ã¯ãã®å®è£ ã«çŽæ¥ãŸãã¯éæ¥çã«ãã§ã«åœ±é¿ããŠããããšã詳现ã«èª¬æããŸãã ãããã£ãŠãåŸæ¥å¡ã®æ€çŽ¢ã«çæ³çãªæ¡ä»¶ãæäŸã§ããªãå Žåã§ããããŒã ã®åœ¢æã¯å®å šã«å®¢èŠ³çã§ã¯ãããŸããã ãããŠãããŒã ã®åœ¢æåŸã責任ã¯ãµãã°ã«ãŒãã«å§ä»»ãããç 究ã®ç¯å²ãçããããåæã«ã·ã¹ãã éçºã®éžæè¢ã®æ°ãæžããŸãã
責任ãå²ãåœãŠããããããŒãžã£ãŒã¯ãã¯ãŒãã³ã°ã°ã«ãŒãã¬ãã«ã§ã®èª¿æŽã®åé¡ã«çŽé¢ããŸããããã¯ãåäžãªã·ã¹ãã ãäœæããããã®åã°ã«ãŒãã®äœæ¥ã®çµ±åã«æªåœ±é¿ãåãŒããŸãã ãã®å人ã®åœ¹å²ã®æžå°ã®å¯èœæ§ã«ããããããã
ã·ã¹ãã èšèšããã»ã¹ã«ã¯æ¬¡ã®æ®µéããããŸãã
- åºæ¬çãªã«ãŒã«ã«åŸã£ãŠå¢çãå®çŸ©ããŸãã
- äºåçãªã·ã¹ãã ã³ã³ã»ããã®éçºã
- ã³ã³ã»ããã«æ²¿ã£ãèšèšäœæ¥ãšã¿ã¹ã¯ã®å§ä»»ã®ç·šæã
- å§ä»»ãããã¿ã¹ã¯ã®ã¬ãã«ã§ã®èª¿æŽã
- ãµãã·ã¹ãã ãã·ã¹ãã ã«çµåããŸãã
åäžã®èšèšäœæ¥ã§ã¯ããã¹ãŠã®æ®µéããã¬ãŒã¹ãããªãå ŽåããããŸãã ãã®éçšã§ãæ°ãããããå®ç§ãªãããžã§ã¯ãã³ã³ã»ãããèŠã€ããããšããããŸãã ãã¡ãããããã¯éåžžã«æå©ãªç¬éã§ã¯ãããŸãããããã¯ããã®åŸã®ä»äºã®äžæãèŠçã§è²»çšããããããã§ãã ãã¡ãããæŽå²å®¶ã®èŠ³ç¹ããã¯ããã¹ãŠãç¹°ãè¿ãããŸãã
ãã®å Žåããªããã¹ãŠãæ£ããè¡ãæéããªãã®ã«ãäœããããçŽãã®ã«ååãªæéãåžžã«ããã®ã¯ãªãã§ããïŒ
ã·ã¹ãã èšèš
ã·ãªã¢ã«ã·ã¹ãã ã¯ãçžäºæ¥ç¶ããããµãã·ã¹ãã ã§æ§æãããŸãã ã·ã¹ãã ã®å éšæ§é ã®èª¬æã¯ãå€éšç°å¢ãšã®æ¥ç¶ããã³ãµãã·ã¹ãã ã®çžäºæ¥ç¶ãåæ ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã äžäœã¬ãã«ã«é²ããšããµãã·ã¹ãã ãã·ã¹ãã ãšèŠãªããŠããµãã·ã¹ãã ã«ã€ããŠãåãããšãèšããŸãã ãªã©ããã®ãããªãµãã·ã¹ãã ã«è³ããŸã§ãéåžžã«ã·ã³ãã«ã§äžå¯åã§ãã
äŸ
å·ã®å€§éžæšªæ茞éã·ã¹ãã ã¯ããã¹ãé»è»ãé£è¡æ©ãã¿ã¯ã·ãŒãé§è»å Žãã¿ãŒããã«ãªã©ã§æ§æãããŠããŸãã ããã¯éåžžã«ç°çš®ã®ã·ã¹ãã ã§ããããããã®ãµãã·ã¹ãã ã¯éåžžã«å€æ§ã§ãã ããšãã°ãé£è¡æ©ã¬ãã«ã«é²ããšããã®ãµãã·ã¹ãã ããã¬ãŒã ããšã³ãžã³ãé é»ãéä¿¡ããã€ããŒãã衚瀺ãããŸãã ãšã³ãžã³ã·ã¹ãã ã«ã¯ãçæãç¹ç«ãªã©ã®ãµãã·ã¹ãã ãå«ãŸããŸãã
ããã»ã©æçœã§ã¯ãããŸããããçè«ãã·ã¹ãã ã§ãã å€éšç°å¢ã芳å¯å¯èœãªã€ãã³ããæãããããã¯èª¬æããããå°ãªããšãççŸããªãããã«ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã ããã¯ãåæ§ã®æ¹æ³ã§äºãã«é¢é£ããããŒãçè«ã§æ§æãããŠããŸãã ããšãã°ãé£è¡æ©ã®crashèœäºæ ã®èª¿æ»äžã«ãèªç©ºæ©ã®è»éãéä¿¡ãæå·ãããã³äºæ äžã®ä»ã®ç©äœãšã®çžäºäœçšã説æããçè«ãäœæãããŸããã ãããã®åé ç®èªäœã¯åå¥ã®ã¹ããŒãªãŒã§ãããåã ã®æ å ±åäœãŸã§ãµãé ç®ã«åå²ããããšãã§ããŸãã
ã¹ããŒã
å³ å³1ã§ã¯ãã·ã¹ãã ã¯ç·ã®åœ¢ã®æ¥ç¶ïŒãã©ã³ãïŒãšåã®åœ¢ã®ã¡ã€ã³ããŒãïŒããŒãïŒãåããå³ã®åœ¢ã§æãããŠããŸãã åããŒãã¯ãä»ã®ãµãã·ã¹ãã ãšéä¿¡ãããµãã·ã¹ãã ã象城ããåæ§ã®æ¹æ³ã§è¡šãããšãã§ããŸãã éçºè ã®éã§äººæ°ãé«ãŸã£ãŠããã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ãšããçšèªã¯ãç·ã§ç€ºãããŠãããµãã·ã¹ãã ã®çžäºäœçšãæããŸãã

ã°ã©ãã£ãã¯ã€ã¡ãŒãžã¯ãã·ã¹ãã ãšãããèšèšããçµç¹ãšãããç§ãã¡ãæ€èšããŠãã2ã€ã®æŠå¿µã®åäžã®åœ¢ãæ確ã«ç€ºããŠããŸãã 亀æããŠã¿ãŠãã ããïŒ
- ãã·ã¹ãã ããããå§å¡äŒã
- ããµãã·ã¹ãã ããããå°å§å¡äŒã
- ãã³ãŒãã£ããŒã¿ãŒããžã®ãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹ã
ã·ã¹ãã ã®å Žåãšåæ§ã«ãèšèšçµç¹ã¯ããã€ãã®ã¬ãã«ã®è€éããèæ ®ããŠæ€èšã§ããããšãããããŸãã é£éŠæ¿åºã¯ãã©ããªãšã³ãžãã¢ã§ãæºè¶³ã§ããã¬ãã«ã®è€éããåããèšèšçµç¹ã®å¥œäŸã§ãã ããã¯ç¹ã«èå³æ·±ãäŸã§ãããç§ãã¡ãæ€èšããŠãã2ã€ã®æŠå¿µã®é¡äŒŒæ§ã瀺ããŠããŸããé£éŠæ¿åºã¯èšèšçµç¹ïŒæ³åŸãåå®ãããªã·ãŒãçå®ïŒãšèšèšçµç¹ïŒæ²æ³ãäž»èŠãªèšèšææžïŒã®äž¡æ¹ã§ããããã§ãã
äžæ¬¡çžäºäœçš
ããã§ããã®èšäºã®äž»èŠãªåé¡ã®æºåãã§ããŸããã èšèšçµç¹ã®æ§é ãšèšèšããã·ã¹ãã ã®éã«äºæž¬å¯èœãªé¢ä¿ã¯ãããŸããïŒ æ£è§£ã¯ãã¯ããã§ãããã®æ¥ç¶ã¯éåžžã«åçŽãªã®ã§ãå€ãã®å Žåäžå®ã§ãã 次ã®ã蚌æ ããèæ ®ããŠãã ããã
ã·ã¹ãã ãšãããéçºããçµç¹ãä»»æã«éžæããèšèšãããã·ã¹ãã ã®è€éãã®ã¬ãã«ãã©ã³ãã ã«éžæããŠããããå³åŒçã«æåããŸãïŒèå³æ·±ãé¢ä¿ã芳å¯ããã°ãä»»æã®èšèšçµç¹ãšè€éãã®ã¬ãã«ã«æ¡åŒµã§ãããããéžæã¯ä»»æã§ãïŒã å³ å³2ã¯ã以äžã®èšè¿°ãåœãŠã¯ãŸãæ§é ãïŒããããããããããã«ïŒç€ºããŠããŸãã

ã·ã¹ãã å ã®ä»»æã®ããŒãxã«ã€ããŠããããéçºããèšèšçµç¹ã®ã¯ãŒãã³ã°ã°ã«ãŒããèå¥ã§ããŸãïŒXã§ç€ºããŸãïŒã ãã®ããã«
ãã®ããã»ã¹ãèŠçŽãããšãã·ã¹ãã å ã®ä»»æã®ããŒãã«ã€ããŠãé©åãªã¯ãŒãã³ã°ã°ã«ãŒããèŠã€ããããã®ã«ãŒã«ããããŸãã æ¯çã¯1ïŒ1ãã€ãŸã åãèšèšçµç¹ã§2ã€ã®ãµãã·ã¹ãã ãèšèšã§ããŸãã
èå³æ·±ãããšã«ããã©ã³ãã«é¢ããŠåæ§ã®å£°æãåºãããšãã§ããŸãã åãã·ã¹ãã ã®2ã€ã®ããŒããxããã³yã䜿çšããŸãã ãããã¯æ¥ç¶ãããŠããå ŽåãšãããŠããªãå ŽåããããŸãïŒã€ãŸããã·ã¹ãã ã®æ©èœã«ãšã£ãŠéèŠãªäœããã®æ¹æ³ã§çžäºäœçšãããã©ããïŒã ãããã®éã«æ¥ç¶ãããå Žåã2ã€ã®ããŒã¿ããŒããéçºãã2ã€ã®ã¯ãŒãã³ã°ã°ã«ãŒãXãšUã¯ãããŒãéã®éä¿¡ã®å¯èœæ§ãå®çŸããããã«ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ã®æ©èœã«åæããå¿ èŠããããŸããã xãšyã®éã«æ¥ç¶ããªãå Žåããµãã·ã¹ãã ã¯çžäºã«éä¿¡ããŸãããããã¯ãã¯ãŒãã³ã°ã°ã«ãŒããçžäºã«å¯Ÿè©±ããªãã£ãããšãæå³ããŸãïŒXãšYã®éã«æ¥ç¶ããªãããïŒã [3]
ä»ç€ºãããã®ã¯äœã§ããïŒ ç°¡åã«èšãã°ãã·ã¹ãã ã®æ§é ãšãã®èšèšã«é¢äžããçµç¹ã®æ§é ãšã®éã«å¯æ¥ãªé¢ä¿ãããããšã瀺ããŸããã åãµãã·ã¹ãã ã«åå¥ã®ã¯ãŒãã³ã°ã°ã«ãŒããããå Žåãã¯ãŒãã³ã°ã°ã«ãŒããšãµãã·ã¹ãã ã®æ§é ïŒã¹ããŒã ïŒãåäžã§ããããšãããããŸãã è€æ°ã®ã¯ãŒãã³ã°ã°ã«ãŒãã1ã€ã®ãµãã·ã¹ãã ãéçºããå Žåãèšèšçµç¹æ§é ã¯ã·ã¹ãã æ§é ã®ããã«èŠããŸããããµãã·ã¹ãã ïŒå³ã®ããŒãïŒãå°ãªããªããŸãã
2ã€ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãéã®æ§é ãä¿æããåæ§ã®é¢ä¿ã¯ãæºååãšåŒã°ããŸãã æ°åŠèšèªã§ã¯ãã·ã¹ãã å³ãšãããèšèšããçµç¹ã®ã¹ããŒã ãšã®éã«æºååæ§ããããŸãã
ã·ã¹ãã ã¯ããããèšèšããŠããçµç¹ãåæ ããŠããŸã
å€ãã®çµéšè±å¯ãªã·ã¹ãã èšèšè ã¯ã誰ã§ãã·ã¹ãã èšèšãæ¹åã§ãããšèããŠããŸãã èšãæããã°ãå Žæãæéãç¥èãšæè¡ã®ã¬ãã«ã®æèãé€ããŠãèšèšã¿ã¹ã¯ã«ã€ããŠè©±ãããšã¯èª€ãã§ãããééã£ãŠããŸãã ããã¯ããªããžã§ã¯ããèšèšããäœæ¥ã®ã¹ããŒãªãŒãèªãã ããäœæ¥ãèŠããŠåæããããã人ã«ãã£ãŠèšæ¶ãããå¿ èŠããããŸãã
FORTRANãCOBOLãªã©ã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã®ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒãã©ã³ã¹ã¬ãŒã¿ãŒã®éçºã¯ãåªããäŸã§ãã 1950幎代åã°ããããã®èšèªã®ãããã¿ã€ããç»å Žãããšãããããã®ã³ã³ãã€ã©ã¯ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒèªäœãããããã«é¢åã§ãã³ãã³ããå®è¡ããã¯ãã ã£ãåœæã¯å·šå€§ã§ããã ä»æ¥ããããã®ç¿»èš³è ã¯ãçŸä»£ã®ã³ã³ãã€ã©ãšå ±éç¹ã®ãªãæŽå²çãªé©ç°ã«éããŸããã ïŒã³ã³ãã€ã©ãŒã®éçºã«ããã倧ããªãã¬ãŒã¯ã¹ã«ãŒã¯ã以åã¯ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒè£œé æ¥è ã®å®¶æãšèããããŠããå°åã®äººã ã®æ°ããã°ã«ãŒãã®åºçŸã«é¢é£ããŠããããšã«æ³šæãã䟡å€ããããŸã-ããã¯ãæåã¯ç¬ç«ãããœãããŠã§ã¢éçºè ãç¶ãå°ããªåéãã倧åŠã°ã«ãŒãã§ããïŒã
ã·ã¹ãã èŠä»¶ã«å¯ŸããŠããã®èŠä»¶ãæºããã·ã¹ãã ãããžã§ã¯ããå€æ°ãããšæ³å®ããå Žåãèšèšçµç¹ã®éžæããã®ã·ãªãŒãºããã·ã¹ãã ãããžã§ã¯ããéžæããããã»ã¹ã«åœ±é¿ãããã©ããã確èªããå¿ èŠããããŸãã æºååãä¿¡ããå Žåãã©ã®ãããªåœ±é¿ãäžãããã«ã€ããŠåæããŸãã çµç¹ã«ã¯æè»ãªã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³æ§é ããªãããããã®çµç¹ã¯ãããžã§ã¯ã補åã«èªèº«ã®ã³ããŒãã¹ã¿ã³ãããŸãã çµç¹ã倧ããã»ã©æè»æ§ãäœããªãããã®ããããã£ãããæ確ã«ãªããŸãã
äŸ
ããç 究çµç¹ã«ã¯ãCOBOLããã³ALGOLã³ã³ãã€ã©ãŒãäœæããããšã«ãªã£ãŠãã8人ãããŸããã è€éããšäºæ³ãããæéã®åæè©äŸ¡ã®åŸããã®ãã¡ã®5ã€ãCOBOLã§åäœããããã«æ±ºå®ããã3ã€ãALGOLã§åäœããããã«å²ãåœãŠãããŸããã ãã®çµæãCOBOLã³ã³ãã€ã©ã¯5ã€ã®ãã¹ã§æ©ââèœããALGOLã³ã³ãã€ã©ã¯3ã€ã®ãã¹ã§æ©ââèœããŸããã
åžä»€å®ã®ææ®äžã«ãã2ã€ã®è»äºãµãŒãã¹ã¯ã圌ãã®ããŒãºã«å¿ããæŠåšã·ã¹ãã ãéçºããŸããã ãã®åŸãåªåãªãã§ã¯ãªããçµç¹æ§é ã®ã³ããŒãäœæããŸããïŒå³3aãåç §ïŒ

ãã®ã¿ã¹ã¯ã«é¢ä¿ããã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒã®ãªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã·ã¹ãã ã«æ³šæããŠãã ããã 詳现ã«æ€èšããçµæãããŒããŠã§ã¢ããœãããŠã§ã¢ãã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®3ã€ã®éšåã§æ§æãããŠããããšãããããŸããïŒå³3bãåç §ïŒã éçºè ã¯ãããã®ãµãã·ã¹ãã ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŸãïŒã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒã¡ãŒã«ãŒã®ãšã³ãžãã¢ã圌ã®ã·ã¹ãã ããã°ã©ããŒããŠãŒã¶ãŒã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®éçºè ïŒããŒããŠã§ã¢ãšãœãããŠã§ã¢ã®ã¹ãã·ã£ãªã¹ããååãããšãããŸãã«äºãã«å°é£ã«èããã ãã§ã¯ãªãå ŽåïŒã
ã·ã¹ãã 管ç
倧èŠæš¡ã·ã¹ãã ã®æ§é ã¯ãçºéããã«ã€ããŠæžè¡°ããåŸåããããŸãã ãã®èŠ³å¯ã¯ãéå»10幎éã«å€§èŠæš¡ãªè»äºæ å ±ã·ã¹ãã ãæ€èšããå Žåã«ç¹ã«é¡èã§ãã ãããã¯ã以åã«äººéã«ãã£ãŠäœæããããã¹ãŠã®æãè€éãªãªããžã§ã¯ãã§ãã ã·ã¹ãã ãæ§æèŠçŽ ã«åé¢ããåŸåãå«ãããã·ã¹ãã 管çããšåŒã°ããã¢ã¯ãã£ããã£ãçºçããŠããŸãã ãã®èšäºã®äž»ãªã¢ã€ãã¢ã®ã³ã³ããã¹ãã§ã·ã¹ãã 管çã®å®çšæ§ãèŠãŠã¿ãŸãããã
倧èŠæš¡ãªã·ã¹ãã ããã©ãã©ã«ãªãã®ã¯ãªãã§ããïŒ ãã®ããã»ã¹ã¯3ã€ã®æ®µéãçµãŠãããæåã®2ã€ã¯å¶åŸ¡å¯èœã§ãã3çªç®ã®æ®µéã¯æºååã®çŽæ¥çãªçµæã§ãã
- 第äžã«ãéçºè ã¯ãèšèšãããã·ã¹ãã ã®ãµã€ãºãèªèãããããäœæããããã«ã§ããã ãå€ãã®äººãéãèªæã«æµæããããšãã§ããŸããã
- 第äºã«ããã®ãããªå€§èŠæš¡ãããžã§ã¯ãã®å®è£ ã«éåžžã®ç®¡çã¢ãã«ãé©çšãããšããã®éä¿¡æ§é ã¯å¥ã ã®éšåã«åå²ãããŸãã
- 第äžã«ãçµç¹èšèšè ã®æ§é ã§çºçãã厩å£ããã»ã¹ã¯ãæºååã®çŸè±¡ã«åŸã£ãŠãã·ã¹ãã ã®æ§é ã§çºçããŸãã
ãŸããã人å£éå°ãã®ç¶æ³ãèããŠãã ããã ã·ã¹ãã ã®è€éãã®ã¬ãã«ã圌ã®ç解ã®å¢çã«è¿ã¥ããšããã¿ã¹ã¯ãå§ä»»ããéçºè ã®èªç¶ãªæ¬²æ±ã¯éåžžã«ç解ããããã§ãã ããã¯ãéçºããã»ã¹ã®ã¿ãŒãã³ã°ãã€ã³ãã§ãã 圌ã¯ã·ã¹ãã ãåçŽåããããã«æŠã£ãŠåã€ããããã«å¯Ÿããã³ã³ãããŒã«ã倱ããŸãã æéæ ãšäºç®ã®ãã¬ãã·ã£ãŒãèãããšãçµæã¯ã»ãŒäºæž¬å¯èœã§ãã
æéãéããå ŽåããããŒãžã£ãŒã¯ãããé²ãããã«ãã¹ãŠã®ãªãœãŒã¹ã䜿çšããªãã£ãå Žåã責任ãè² ãããšã«ãªããŸãã ãããã£ãŠã圌ã¯éçºè ã«åœ±é¿ãäžããããšããŸããéçºè ã¯ãããããã·ã¹ãã ã®è€éãã«å¯ŸåŠããã¿ã¹ã¯ãä»ã®äººã«å§ããããšã奜ãŸãªãã§ãããã ãã®çµæãé¢ä¿ãããªãœãŒã¹ã®æ°ãå¢å ããŸãã
ãŸãã¯ããããŒãžã£ãŒãšèšèšãããã·ã¹ãã ã®æŽåæ§ã競åããåæ§ã®ã±ãŒã¹ã瀺ãå¥ã®äŸã ãããŒãžã£ãŒã¯ãå®è£ ã®ããã«äœæ¥ã®éèŠãã€è€éãªéšåãæäŸããå¿ èŠããããŸãã 圌ã¯2ã€ã®ããã©ãŒããŒã®ãããããéžæã§ããŸããåµé çãªã¢ãããŒããšäœè³éã§åºå¥ãããæ°ããäžå°äŒæ¥ããŸãã¯ãããçŸå®çãªãäŸ¡æ Œãæã€å®è©ã®ãããªãã£ã¹ã§ãã 圌ã¯ãè¥ããŠæããäŒç€Ÿããã®ä»äºã«å¯Ÿå¿ããªããã°ããããžã§ã¯ããæ··ä¹±ããã眪ãç¯ãããšãç¥ã£ãŠããŸãã æåãªçµç¹ã倱æããå Žåãããã¯ã¿ã¹ã¯ãæ¬åœã«é£ããããšã瀺ãã ãã§ãã
ããã§ã®ãã£ããã¯äœã§ããïŒ åºæ¬çã«ãäŒçµ±çã«äœ¿çšãããŠãããªãœãŒã¹ã®è©äŸ¡ãšå²ãåœãŠã®æ¹æ³ã§ã ãããã£ãŠããªãœãŒã¹ã®åäœã¯ãã«ã§ããããããã¹ãŠã®ãªãœãŒã¹ã¯ãã«åäœã§è¡šãããŸãã ãªãœãŒã¹ã人件費ã®å Žåã枬å®åäœã¯ã1æéã®äœæ¥ã®ã³ã¹ãã«äœæ¥è ã®æ°ãæãããã®ã«ãªããŸãã
ãã®ã¢ãããŒãã®èª€ãã¯ã1幎éã®2人ã®äœæ¥ã1é±éã®æ°çŸäººã®äœæ¥ãšåãæ¹æ³ã§è©äŸ¡ãããããšã§ãã ããããæºååãèãããšãäºçŸã®ä»äºã®çµç¹æ§é ã¯ç°ãªãã®ã§ã圌ãã¯ç°ãªãã·ã¹ãã ãäœæãããšäž»åŒµã§ããã®ã§ã圌ãã®ä»äºã®ã³ã¹ããæ¯èŒãã¹ãã§ã¯ãããŸããã çµéšããã2人ã®æ£ããéžæããã人ã ã¯ãããŸã察åŠããã°æè¯ã®çµæã瀺ãããšãããããŸãã ãžã£ã¬ã€ã¢ã®ç®ãããã¬ã³ã¬ã®æ·èšã«åœãŠã¯ãŸããããããªãä»®å®ã¯ãã·ã¹ãã èšèšã«ãããŠééã£ãŠããŸãã
ããŒãã³ãœã³ã®æ³å[4]ã¯ããããžã§ã¯ã掻åã«ãããåŽåè³æºã®åé åã«ãããŠéåžžã«éèŠã§ãã ãããŒãžã£ãŒã®è©å€ãäºç®ã®å€§ããã«äŸåããŠããéãã圌ã¯çµç¹ã®æ¡å€§ã«èå³ãæã¡ãŸãã ããã¯ãã·ã¹ãã éçºã®åé¡ã解決ããããã®é©åãªåæ©ã§ã¯ãããŸããã çµç¹ãååšãããšããã¡ããããã䜿çšãããŸãã ãããããä»æ¥éåžžã«å€ãã®èšèšãäžååãªã·ã¹ãã ãååšããæã説åŸåã®ããçç±ã¯ãä»äºãæ±ããŠããèšèšçµç¹ã®ååšã«ãããŸãã
第äºã«ãã·ã¹ãã èšèšããã»ã¹ã®åŽ©å£ã®çç±-èšèšçµç¹ã®ã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³æ§é ã®æçå-ã¯ãã¿ã¹ã¯ã®å§ä»»ã®éå§ãšãšãã«çŸãå§ããŸãã åç確çã®çè«ã«ããã°ãå¯èœãªã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®æ°ã¯ãçµç¹ã®åŸæ¥å¡æ°ã®2ä¹ã®ååã«çãããªããŸãã å°ããªçµç¹ã§ãã£ãŠãã人ã ãä»äºãçµããããããã«ãã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãå¶éããå¿ èŠããããŸãã éçºè éã®éä¿¡æè¡ãæ¹åããç 究ã¯ãã·ã¹ãã 管çã«å€§ããªåœ±é¿ãäžããã§ãããã
è»éåã®çµç¹ã¯éåžžã管çæ§é ã«å®éçãªå¶éã䜿çšããŸãã ãããã£ãŠãå šå¡ã«äžåžãšçŽ7人ã®éšäžãå¿ èŠã§ãã ã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã¯åŸå±ã®ååã«åŸã£ãŠè¡ãããŸãã ãããã£ãŠããã®ãããªçµç¹ã¯ããã®æ§é ãšãšãã«ç¬èªã®çµç¹æ§é ã«äŒŒãã·ã¹ãã ãéçºããŸãã
ãããã«
ãã®èšäºã®äž»ãªè«æã¯ãã·ã¹ãã ã®éçºãšèšèšïŒããã§ã¯åºçŸ©ã«è§£éãããïŒã«é¢äžããçµç¹ã¯ãã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³æ§é ãã³ããŒãããããžã§ã¯ããäœæããéåœã«ãããšããããšã§ãã ãã®ããããã£ã¯ãèšèšããã»ã¹ã®ç®¡çã«é倧ãªåœ±é¿ãäžããããšãããããŸããã ãããžã§ã¯ãçµç¹ã®çµç¹æ§é ã®éèŠãªåºæºãç¹å®ããŸãããåé¡ã解決ããããã®ãªãœãŒã¹ã¯ãçµç¹æ§é ã®ã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³èœåã«å¿ããŠã®ã¿å¢å ãããå¿ èŠããããŸãã éä¿¡ã®å¿ èŠæ§ã¯ç¹å®ã®æç¹ã§ã®ã·ã¹ãã ã®æŠå¿µã«äŸåããããããã®åºæºã§ã¯å°é£ãçããŸãã åæ段éã§ã®ã¿ã¹ã¯è©äŸ¡ã¯æ±ºããŠæé©ã§ã¯ãªããšããäºå®ã«ãããã·ã¹ãã æŠå¿µã¯å€æŽãå¿ èŠãšããå¯èœæ§ããããããã¯èšèšäŒç€Ÿã«ãšã£ãŠãã®ãããªéèŠãªå質ãæè»æ§ãšããŠæãèµ·ããããŸãã
äŒæ¥ã®è²»çšå¯Ÿå¹æãšæè»æ§ã«é¢å¿ãæã€ããã«ãéçºããã»ã¹ã®ç®¡çè ã«å ±é ¬ãäžãããããªæ¹æ³ãèŠã€ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã å¿ èŠãªã®ã¯ãè¿œå ã®åŽååãçç£æ§ãåäžããããšããä»®å®ã«åºã¥ããªããæ°ããã·ã¹ãã éçºãšèšèšå²åŠã§ãã ãã®æ¹åã§ã®éçºã¯ããªãœãŒã¹ã®ã³ã¹ããšã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®æ¹æ³ã«é¢ããåºæ¬çãªåé¡ã«å¯ŸåŠããå¿ èŠæ§ã«æ³šæãåèµ·ããŸãã ããããªããã°ãã·ã¹ãã éçºã®é²æ©ãæ³åããããšã¯äžå¯èœã§ãã
泚é
[1]ãããžã§ã¯ãäŒç€Ÿã®è¡åã«ã€ããŠã®ããç解ããããè°è«ã¯ããžã§ã³ã»Kã»ã¬ã«ãã¬ã€ã¹ã®ãæ°ããå·¥æ¥åœãã«ãããŸãã ç¹ã«VIç« ãTechnostructureã«æ³šæããŠãã ããã
[2]ãããžã§ã¯ã掻åã®æ©èœçç°å¢ã«ããããããžã§ã¯ããžã®å€æã®è©³çŽ°ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãCãããã«ãã³ãããããžã§ã¯ãçµç¹ã®èšç«æ¹æ³ãïŒC.J.ããã«ãã³ãããããžã§ã¯ãçµç¹ã®èšç«æ¹æ³ãã1967ãpã73ïŒãåç §ããŠãã ããã
[3]ãã®å£°æã¯ããŸããŸãªè§åºŠããèããããšãã§ããŸãã éèŠãªäº€æžã®å®çŸ©ã«å¯æ¥ã«é¢é£ãããäºçŽ°ãªããšã§ãã ãŸãã¯ãããã°ã«ãŒãã®éçºè ããé åºãªãã«å¥ã®ã°ã«ãŒããåã°ããããã«èªåã®éçºã®å€æŽã«æ±ºããŠåæããªãããšã芳å¯ããçµæãããããŸããã
[4] S.N. ããŒãã³ãœã³ã®ãããŒãã³ãœã³ã®æ³åãïŒC.ããŒã¹ã³ãŒãããŒãã³ãœã³ãããŒãã³ãœã³ã®æ³åãšãã®ä»ã®è¡æ¿ã®ç 究ã1957ïŒ
翻蚳ïŒã»ã«ã²ã€ãã³ã·ã³
ãã£ãš
- ãå§å¡äŒã¯ã©ã®ããã«çºæããŸããïŒã
- 補åã¢ãŒããã¯ãã£ãšçµç¹ã¢ãŒããã¯ãã£ã®äºéæ§ã®èª¿æ»ïŒããã©ãŒãªã³ã°ã仮説ã®ãã¹ã
- Conwayã®æ³åã¯Linuxã«é©çšãããŸããïŒ
- ã³ã³ãŠã§ã€ã®æ³å[ä»æ¥ã®ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯]
- ã¡ã«ã»ã³ã³ãŠã§ã€ãšãã€ã¯ã»ã¢ã ã³ã»ã³ãšäžå¯Ÿäž
ãšã³ã²ã«ããŒããããžã§ã¯ãã«ã€ããŠ
Googleããã¥ã¡ã³ããšHabraã®ç¿»èš³Â«äººéã®ç¥æ§ã®åäžïŒ
æŠå¿µãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯âãã㧠ãè¿œå ã§ããŸãã
Engelbartãããžã§ã¯ã ã®äžå¯èœãªã¿ã¹ã¯ã¯ãæåã®ïŒçŸåšã®ïŒããŒãžã§ã³ã®ãã¹ãŠã®ãšã©ãŒãèæ ®ã«å ¥ããŠãæ å ±æè¡ãã€ã³ã¿ãŒããããããã³ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒããŒããŠã§ã¢ã®åéå šäœã ããããªãã¯ã¹ããªããŒããããåæ§ç¯ãããããšã§ãã
次ã®ã¹ãããã¯ã1ãæã§éèŠãªæŠå¿µææžã翻蚳ããã³åéããå¿ãåãããã人ã ãæ¢ããŸã ïŒ ç®ãèŠãŸããNeoïŒããªããæ¢ããŠãããã®ãããªããæ¢ããŠããŸã ïŒã LebedevãErshovãWikiPediaãWeb ArchiveãKnolãQuoraãCyberââsynãXanaduãDARPAãIARPAã
詳现- 50幎åŸã ãã¹ãŠã®ãã¢ã®æ¯
NLSãæ¬åœã«ç解ãããå Žåã¯ãä»æ¥ã®çŸå®ãå¿ããªããã°ãªããŸããã ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒã«ã€ããŠç¥ã£ãŠããããšã¯ãã¹ãŠå¿ããŠãã ããã ããªãã¯ãŸã ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒãäœã§ããããç¥ããªããšæ³åããŠãã ããã 1962幎ã«æ»ããŸãã ãããã圌ãèããŠããããšãèªãã§ãã ãã ã
-ãã¬ããã»ãã¯ã¿ãŒã ãã°ã©ã¹ã»ãšã³ã²ã«ããŒãã«ã€ããŠã®äžèš
æçšãªææ
ããã©ã»ã¡ããŽã§ãŒãžã§ãïŒãã·ãªã³ãŒã³ã®é¢å©ããŸãã¯ãªãPCé©åœãèµ·ãããªãã£ãã®ããïŒ
倢ã®æ©æ¢°ïŒã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒé©åœã®æŽå²ã ããããŒã°
çŽ æ
ããã©ã»ã¡ããŽã§ãŒãžã§ãïŒãã·ãªã³ãŒã³ã®é¢å©ããŸãã¯ãªãPCé©åœãèµ·ãããªãã£ãã®ããïŒ
4éšã®ãããª
倢ã®æ©æ¢°ïŒã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒé©åœã®æŽå²ã ããããŒã°
DNA IT
- ã·ãŒã¢ã¢ã»ãããã
- ãŒããã¯ã¹ã¢ã«ã
- ãã³ãŒã«ãžã§ã€ã¯ãã NICããã³RFCã®æŽå²
- Grace "Granny COBOL"ããããŒ
- ããŒã¬ã¬ããã»ããã«ãã³ïŒãç·ã®åãæã«éããŸãã
- ãšãã£ã»ã©ããŒã ãããŠã裞ã®å¥³æ§ãšéé·ã§æ ç»ãæ®åœ±ããŠæµãæã€
- 壮倧ãª6ïŒç±æ žççºãæ°ããå°å¥³ãã¡
- ããããªã²ãŒã ãç§ã¯ããªãã®ç¶èŠªã§ãïŒã
- èªçæ¥ããã§ãšãããžã§ãã»ã©ã¹ãã³
- ãžã§ã»ãããªãã¯ããªã¯ã©ã€ããŒïŒãéæ²³éã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒãããã¯ãŒã¯ããšã人éãšã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒã®å ±çã
- ãŽã¡ãããŒããã·ã¥ïŒãã©ã®ããã«èããããïŒç§ãã¡ãèããããã«ïŒ
- ãèªçæ¥ããã§ãšãããªãã£ãŒãã»ã¹ããŒã«ãã³
- ãã°ã©ã¹ã»ãšã³ã²ã«ããŒãïŒããã¹ãŠã®ãã¢ã®æ¯ãã ããŒã1
- ãèªçæ¥ããã§ãšããEdsger Weebe DijkstraÇ
- ã¯ããŒãã·ã£ãã³ã®èªçãã100幎
- ãšã«ã·ã§ãã®èªçæ¥
- Bram CohenïŒå€±æ¥äžã®ãã³ããã¯ããŠããªãã³ã°ã«ãŒã ã«åº§ã£ãŠBitTorrentãæžãã
- ç§ã®å®¶ã®äžã®ãã³ãã«ã§ããšã«ããšäŒããŸãã ã¹ãŒããŒã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒãããè¯ãããããã®ãã³ããæããŠãããŸãã
- æ azineãçŠãããã¬ãŒãã¯ããã°ã©ããŒã®3ã€ã®äž»ãªçŸåŸ³ã§ãã ãèªçæ¥ããã§ãšããã©ãªãŒãŠã©ãŒã«
ãã©ã³ãã£ãªã¢ã
- PalantirãPayPalããã£ã¢ãç¹å¥ãµãŒãã¹ãäžçæ¿åº
- Palantir101ãã·ãªã³ã³ãã¬ãŒã§2çªç®ã«é«ãæ°éäŒæ¥ã«ã€ããŠç¥ãããã«åãªã人éã«èš±å¯ãããŠãããã®
- PalantirãšãããŒãã³ããªã³ã°
- PalantirïŒãªããžã§ã¯ãã¢ãã«
- åçãªã³ãããžãŒã Palantirã®ãšã³ãžãã¢ããããCIAãNSAãããã³è»éã«èª¬æããããã«
- ãµã€ããŒã«ãŠã³ã¿ãŒã€ã³ããªãžã§ã³ã¹ã Palantirã¯Snowdenããã£ããããæ¹æ³
- PalantirïŒãããããããæ€åºããæ¹æ³
- PalantirïŒæŠåšååŒãšãã³ãããã¯ã¹ãã¬ãã
ã¢ã©ã³ã»ã±ã€
- ãèªçæ¥ããã§ãšããã¢ã©ã³ã±ã€ïŒãŸãã¯IQã+80ã«ããæ¹æ³ïŒ
- ã¢ã©ã³ã»ã±ã€ïŒãèªããããšã®æªæ¥ã¯ãç©äºãç解ããã®ãé£ããããšãåŠã¶ãããšã®æªæ¥ã«ããã£ãŠããŸã
- ã¢ã©ã³ã±ã€ïŒãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒã¯é³æ¥œãã¢ã€ãã¢ã§ããããŒã«ã§ãã
- Alan KayïŒXerox PARCãç¹å¥ãªãã®ã«ããã®ã¯ãªãã§ããïŒ
- ã¢ã©ã³ã»ã±ã€ïŒã¯ãŒã«ãªã³ã³ã»ããã«ã¯æãå¿ èŠ
- ã¢ã©ã³ã»ã±ã€ïŒãå®å®ãããã®èŠç¹ã人é¡ãã¹ãŠã®ãã®ã¯ã©ãã§ãã
- Alan KayãšMarvin MinskyïŒã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒãµã€ãšã³ã¹ã«ã¯æ¢ã«ãææ³ãããããŸãã ãæåŠããå¿ èŠ
- Alan KayïŒããã³Habréå£ç¥èœïŒïŒåŽåæè¡è ã®èãæ¹ã圢æããæ¬
- ã¢ã©ã³ã±ã€ïŒã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒãµã€ãšã³ã¹101ã®æãæ¹
- ã¢ã©ã³ã»ã±ã€ïŒæªæ¥ã¯åŸã ã«æ§ç¯ã§ããŸãã
- 人ã Alan Kay-é èšè ãGUIã³ã³ã»ããããã³Smalltalkã®èè
- ã¢ã©ã³ã»ã±ã€ïŒãèªããããšã®æªæ¥ã¯ãç©äºãç解ããã®ãé£ããããšãåŠã¶ãããšã®æªæ¥ã«ããã£ãŠããŸã
- Alan KayãOOPãããéçºãLispãããã³OOPã®äœæè
- ãèªçæ¥ããã§ãšããã¢ã©ã³ã±ã€ïŒãŸãã¯IQã+80ã«ããæ¹æ³ïŒ
- ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒã®äžçã®ã¢ã©ã³ã»ã±ã€
ãŠã£ãããã£ã¢
- ãŠã£ãããã£ã¢ã®äœæè ã質åã«çããŸãïŒããã°ã©ãã³ã°ãç¡ç ãæ¬ã人çã®ãã³ã
- ãžããŒã»ãŠã§ãŒã«ãºã®èãïŒããŠã£ãããã£ã¢ã¯ãœãŒã»ãŒãžã®ãããªãã®ã§ã...ã
- ãŠã£ãããã£ã¢ã®æªæ¥