2015幎12æã«ããªã§éå¬ããã第21ååœé£æ°åå€åæ çµæ¡çŽç· çŽåœäŒè°ã¯ã倧æåãåããŸããã ããªã«ååšãã195ãåœã¯ãã¹ãŠããæ±æç©è³ªã®äžççãªæåºãã§ããã ãæ©ãåæžãããå¿ èŠæ§ãšããã®åŸæ¥éã«åæžãããå¿ èŠæ§ã«æ¬åœã«åæããŸããã äžçå¹³åæ°æž©ã®äžæãã2âãå€§å¹ ã«äžåãããã®äžæãç£æ¥é©åœåã®æ°Žæºãã1.5âã«å¶éããåªåãããããšããèŠæ±ã¯ãçãããªãéåžžã«éå¿çã§ãã
æ£åŒãªç§°è³ã«ãããããããããªãã®æ¹å€ããããŸããã æ°åç§åŠã®ç¬¬äžäººè ã§ãããžã ã»ãã³ã»ã³ã¯ããã®åæãè©æ¬ºãšåŒãã ã ããããã¯ç¡æå³ãªèšèã§ãã çŽæã¯ãããŸãã...åç³çæãå°çäžã§æãå®äŸ¡ãªçæã§ããéãããããã¯çãç¶ããŸã...決å®ã¯ã枩宀å¹æã¬ã¹æåºã«èª²çšãã矩åããªããã°æå³ããããŸãããã-ãããã¯ã¬ãŒãã£ã¢ã³ã®èšèã§ãã [46] Hansenã¯ãéèŠãªäŸ¡æ ŒèŠå ã®ã¿ãæåºãè¿ éã«åæžããå¯äžã®æ¹æ³ã§ãããšç¢ºä¿¡ããŠããŸãã
ãžã§ãŒãžã»ã¢ã³ããªã¯ãåãã¬ãŒãã£ã¢ã³ãžã®åœŒã®æèŠãå¥ã®æ¹æ³ã§èŠçŽããŸãããåãå ¥ããããåæã¯ããããååšããå¯èœæ§ãšæ¯èŒãããå¥è·¡ã§ãããçœå®³ã¯æ¬æ¥ããã¹ããã®ãšæ¯èŒããããã ããã¹ãŠã®äººã«ãšã£ãŠå±éºã§ãããäžéšã®äººã«ãšã£ãŠã¯èŽåœçãªã¬ãã«ã®æ°åäºæ ã«ç§ãã¡ãå°ãã§ããããã[47]
ã¢ã³ããªã®èšèã¯çå£ã«åãæ¢ããªããã°ãªããŸããã å®éã枩床äžæãã2âãå€§å¹ ã«äžåããç¶æ ã«ä¿ã€ã ãã§ãªããã枩床äžæã1.5â以å ã«ä¿ã€ããšããæå³ã«ãåæããããšãã§ãããšããææã§ããã ãããããããã®ç®æšãéæããããã®æ段ã«ã€ããŠã¯ã»ãšãã©äœãèšãããŠããŸããã æ®éçãªççŽ çšã®å¿ èŠæ§ã«ã€ããŠããåç³çæãžã®è£å©éã®æ®µéçãªåæ¢ã«ã€ããŠãåæã¯ãããŸããã§ããã ããã«ã20幎ãŸã§ã®ãã®åŸã®æ°å¹Žéã«ãããæåºéã®åæžçïŒå€§æ°äžã®éå°ãªCO2ã®èç©ãé¿ããããã®éèŠãªãã€ã³ãïŒã¯ãããããæ§ããã§ãããšäºæž¬ãããã å®éã«ã¯ãå®æœãããã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãšå¿ èŠãªã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãšèšç»ã®éã«é倧ãªççŸãèŠãããŸãã
ååœãããªã®çŸ©åãããããå šåœçã«æ±ºå®ãããè²¢ç®ãšèšããããã®ãã»ãšãã©å®ã£ãŠããå ŽåãäžçŽã®åŸåãŸã§ã«äžçã®å¹³åæ°æž©ãç£æ¥é©åœåã®æ°Žæºããå°ãªããšã3°Cé«ãä¿ã€å¯èœæ§ã¯ã»ãšãã©ãããŸããã ãã®ãããªæž©æåã¯æ²æšãªãã®ã«ãªãåŸãŸãã æ°åã·ã¹ãã ã¯æ¬è³ªçã«éç·åœ¢ã§ããã1.5°CãŸãã¯2°Cã§æž©æåããŠã奜ãŸãããªã転æç¹ã«éããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã ãã®ãããè¿ãå°æ¥ã«è¡åãèµ·ããããšãéåžžã«éèŠã§ãã
1.5.1ãã³ã³ãã£ã³ãžã§ã³ã·ãŒãã©ã³ããå¿ èŠ
ããã«çŽé¢ããŸãããã ããªåå®ãå±¥è¡ããæ©äŒãåŸãããã«ãäžçã¯çç£ãšæ¶è²»ã·ã¹ãã ã®æ¥éãã€åŸ¹åºçãªå€é©ãçµéšããªããã°ãªããŸããã ç®æšã®2°Cãè¶ ããªãããã«ããã«ã¯ãäžççµæžã®ççŽ é»åãå°ãªããšã幎é6.2ïŒ ã«æžããå¿ èŠããããŸãã 1.5°Cã®ç®æšãéæããã«ã¯ãåãæ°å€ã幎é10ïŒ ã«æžããå¿ èŠããããŸãã ããã«æ¯ã¹ãŠã2000幎ãã2013幎ã®éã«äžçã®ççŽ é»åã¯å¹³å0.9ïŒ æžå°ããŸããïŒ
è¯å®çãªç¹ã¯ãåœãéœåžãäŒæ¥ãéèæ©é¢ãå ¬çããã³åžæ°çµç¹ãä¿¡ä»°ãšç€ŸäŒã®ä»£è¡šè -ããªåå®ãæ¯æããå€ãã®å°ããããããã§ãäž»èŠãªåå è ã§ãã äžçäžã®1000以äžã®éœåžã100ïŒ ã®åçå¯èœãšãã«ã®ãŒã®äœ¿çšãéæããããšãçŽæããŠãããåãããšãäžçäžã®100ãè¶ ãã倧äŒæ¥ã«ãåœãŠã¯ãŸããŸãã
ããããããã¯ãªãŒãã³ã§åžå Žçµæžã ãã§ãªãã倧ããªææŠã§ãã 人é¡ã¯æ¬åœã«ãç·æ¥èšç»ããå¿ èŠãšããŠããŸãã æãããªããã«æããŸãããåžå Žã ãã§ã¯åé¡ã«å¯ŸåŠã§ããŸããã æ°åå€åã®ç·©åã«ã¯ããã®ãããªå€§èŠæš¡ãã€è¿ éãªè¡åãå¿ èŠã§ããããã®å Žåãåäžã®æè¡ïŒæ°èŠãŸãã¯æ°èïŒã解決çã«ã¯ãªããŸããã ãã®ããã«ã課é¡ã¯ããšãã«ã®ãŒåéãšãã®å€éšã®äž¡æ¹ã§ãæ°ãã確ç«ããããã¯ãããžãŒã®ã»ããå šäœã®è¿ éã§å€é©çãªå±éã«ãããŸãã ãããå®çŸããã«ã¯ãçæçãªã¿ãŒã²ããåžå Žã§ã¯ãªãæ¿åºãèµãåãå¿ èŠããããŸãã
瀟äŒã¯çœå®³ãé²ãããã«ã¿ã€ã ãªãŒã«äœççŽ ç€ŸäŒã«ç§»è¡ããããã®ç¥èã財æºãæè¡ãæã£ãŠãããšäž»åŒµããããããããŸããã 倪éœå ããã³é¢šåæè¡ãããã«æè¿ã§ã¯ãšãã«ã®ãŒè²¯èµæè¡ãå°å ¥ãããšããéåžžã«ååããªåŸåãèãããšãæå³ã®ããè¡åãåããªãã£ããšããèšãèš³ã¯ãããŸããã
ããããæè¡çã³ã¹ããäœãã ãã§ã¯ç®çãéæã§ããŸããã çºé»æãè»äž¡ãçç£èšåãåç³çæã§åäœããããã«èšèšãããŠãããšããäºå®ã«é¢é£ããããããçš®é¡ã®åãè¿ãã®ã€ããªãè²»çšã¯ãå€åã«å¯Ÿããå¹æçãªéå£ã§ãã åœå±ã¯çããªããå¿ èŠãªå€æŽã«å¯Ÿæããããå°ãªããšãé ãããããã«å¯èœãªéãã®ããšãè¡ããŸãã ãããŠä»ãŸã§ããã¬ã«ããã50ãã«ã®å°åã§äžè¶³ããŠããæ®éçãªççŽ çšãšåæ²¹äŸ¡æ Œã¯ãä»äºã容æã«ããŸããã
ãã®ãããã¯ã«ã€ããŠè°è«ããæºåãã§ããŠããã®ã¯å°æ°ã§ãã ãããçå®ã¯ã人é¡ãçµæžã®è±ççŽ åã«å¿ èŠãªãç·æ¥èšç»ãã®å®æœã«å€±æããå Žåããã®æå¹æ§ãšçæ ç³»ãžã®æªç¥ã®åœ±é¿ãšããç¹ã§éåžžã«çããã2ã€ã®ä»£æ¿æ¡ã®ã¿ãååšãããšããããšã§ããå°çå·¥åŠãšãæè¡ã®æ®åããã€ãã¹ãšããã·ã§ã³ãã
1.5.2å¶éãè¶ ããå Žåã®å¯ŸåŠæ¹æ³
äºé žåççŽ ã¯å€§æ°äžã«é·æéä¿æãããççŽ åæ¯ã®ãã©ã³ã¹ã¯éåžžã«ä¹ããã ãã®ãããCO2æåºéãå¶éãè¶ ãããšä»®å®ããããšã¯å®å šã«åãå ¥ããããŸãã å¯äžã®è³ªåã¯æ¬¡ã®ãšããã§ãã
ããªåå®ã¯ã2050幎ãŸã§ã«æž©å®€å¹æã¬ã¹ãäžç«ã«ããããšãçŽæããŸããã ãã®äžã§äœ¿çšããã解éã¯ãããžãªãšã³ãžãã¢ãªã³ã°ãã䜿çšããã€ã³ã»ã³ãã£ããšèããããšãã§ããŸã-æ¯èŒçç¡å®³ã§ãããççŽ ã®æç²ãšä¿æã®ããã®é«äŸ¡ãªæè¡ïŒçç©èµ·æºãå«ãïŒããå§ãŸããå°çã®æŸå°ã®æ§è³ªãå€ããæå³ã§å€§æ°ãæå±€åãŸãã¯æµ·æŽè¡šé¢ã®å€åã«ã€ããŠã®éçã®ç©ºæ³ã§çµãããŸãå¹³å枩床ãäžããæ¹æ³ã
ã¯ã©ããªãããŒãã§ã¯ãççŽ ååããã³å°ã蟌ãæè¡ã®äœ¿çšã«ã€ããŠçå£ãªè°è«ãè¡ãããŠããŸããè°è«ã¯ããããå¶åŸ¡ãããŠããªãæ°åå€åãé»æ¢ããå¯äžã®æ¹æ³ã§ãããšããããšã§ãã äžæ¹ãå¹æãéæããããã«ã¯ãççŽ ã®ååãšè²¯çã®ããã®æè¡çããã³çç©çæè¡ã®äž¡æ¹ããå®è£ ã®ä¿¡ããããªãã»ã©ã®èŠæš¡ãå¿ èŠãšããŸãã ãŠããµã©å€§åŠã®å®¢å¡ææã§ããããã£ã³ãã«ã»ã³ã¿ãŒã®å¯æé·ã§ããã±ãã³ã¢ã³ããŒãœã³ææã¯ãçç©å·¥åŠæè¡ã䜿çšããããšã®èŠéãã«ã€ããŠã³ã¡ã³ãããŠããŸãã
ããªåå®ã®åºç€ãšãªãçç©èµ·æºã®ççŽ ååããã³ä¿ææè¡ã«é¢ããå¹ åºãä»®å®ã¯æ¯ãã®ããã®ã§ãã1ã3ã€ã³ãã«å¹æµããé¢ç©ã§ã®æ°å幎ã«ããããšãã«ã®ãŒäœç©ã®ç¶ç¶çãªæ€ãä»ããšåç©«ã§ãã åæã«ãèªç©ºæ¥çã¯é£è¡æ©ã«ãã€ãªçæãè£çµŠããã€ããã§ãããæµ·éæ¥çã¯ãã€ãªãã¹ãè¹è¶ã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒæºãšããŠçå£ã«èããŠãããååŠã»ã¯ã¿ãŒããã€ãªãã¹äžã®æœåšçãªåææãèŠãŠããŸãã ããã§ããªãã90åã»ã©ã®äººéã®å£ã«æ é€ãäžããå¿ èŠããããŸãã ãã¡ããããã®éèŠãªä»®å®ã«ã¯ãåæã®æ çµã¿ã«ç¹å¥ãªæ³šæãå¿ èŠã§ãã [48]
ããã«ãããžã¹ãã£ãã¯ãæ³åŸãå ¬å ±ã®é¢ããã®æ¯æã®èŠ³ç¹ãã質åãè¿œå ããŸãã æ°åå€åã«é¢ããæ¿åºéããã«ã«ãã£ãŠææ¡ããããã¹ãŠã®å¯èœãªçµè·¯ã®äžã§ãççŽ å¶éãè¶ ããããšãè£ãããã«è²¯èµããå¿ èŠãããCO2éã¯éåžžã«å€§ããã æ®å¿µãªãããååãšããŠãã®ãããªããªã¥ãŒã ãç¶æã§ãããã©ãããæ¹å€çã«åæããè©Šã¿ã¯éãããŠããŸãã ééããªããæç²ããã³å°ã蟌ãæè¡ãããã«éçºããããã«ãçžåœãªåªåãæãå¿ èŠããããŸãã ãããã¯ãççŽ æåºãæé€ããããã®çžæ®ºæŠç¥ãšããŠå¿ èŠã«ãªããŸãã è¿ãå°æ¥ãäžçã®å€ãã®å°åã§ç³çã®ç¶ç¶çãªäœ¿çšãããã³ééŒãšã»ã¡ã³ãã®çç£ãç¡èŠããããšã¯äžå¯èœã§ãã
1.5.3ããŒã·ã£ã«èšç»ã¯ãªãã§ããïŒ
è² ã®æåºéãé©çšãããå¯èœæ§ãéåžžã«é«ããããçäœå·¥åŠæè¡ããªãã·ã§ã³ãšããŠèæ ®ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã ãããŠãããã¬ãã£ããšããã·ã§ã³æè¡ããžã®å€§ããªäŸåã¯éåžžã«å±éºã§ãããããã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®ç¯å²ãå¶éããããã«å¯èœãªéããã¹ãŠãè¡ãå¿ èŠããããŸãã ããã¯ã瀟äŒãæ°ååé¡ã解決ããããã®å·¥åŠçã¢ãããŒããèŠã€ãããšãã誀ã£ãå®å¿æã人ã ã«äžããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
ããçš®ã®ããŒã·ã£ã«ã®èšç»ã䜿çšããããšã«åæãã代ããã«-倧éã®äœççŽ æè¡ã«æè³ããïŒããã¯æè¡çããã³çµæžç芳ç¹ããå¯èœã§ãïŒãããªåå®ã¯2030幎ãŸã§ã®æå¶æªçœ®ã¯é¢ç©2ã®å¹Žéåæžã®ã¿ãæäŸããããšã瀺åããŠããŸãïŒ æ°åå€åãæ·±å»ãªè åšã§ããå ŽåïŒããã³ããªåå®ãããã確èªããŠããå ŽåïŒãæ éãã«ãããè¿ãå°æ¥ãããæ·±å»ãªè¡åããšãããšãäœåãªããããããããåŸã§æ®ãããšã¯ãããŸããã ãã®ãããªè¡åããªããã°ãè² ã®æåºéã®æå¹æ§ã«å¯Ÿããä¿¡é Œã¯åŒ·ãããŸãã
ããªåŸã®ã¢ãžã§ã³ãã®äž»ãªåžæã¯ãããŸããŸãªåå è ïŒæ¿åºãéœåžãäŒæ¥ãéèåžå Žãåžæ°ç€ŸäŒçµç¹ïŒãææŠãçå£ã«åãæ¢ããç·©åçã匷åããããã«ä»ããã«ãã¹ãŠã®äººãæ¯æŽããããã«å¯èœãªéãã®ããšãããããšã§ãã åã ã®æ¿åºãåœãŸãã¯éœåžã«ãã決å®çãªè¡åãéèŠã§ãã ããªãã®è¿æãå«ããäžçã¯è¯ãäŸã«å¿ æ»ã§ãã
1.5.4人é¡ã¯ãã§ã«æ°åç®æšãéæããæ©äŒãéããŸãããïŒ
ããªäŒè°ããã»ãŒ2幎ãçµéããŸããã 2016幎ã«ãªã£ãŠããããã人éã®æŽ»åã«ãã£ãŠåŒãèµ·ããããèšå€§ãªæ°ã®æ°åå€åã®äºäŸãããããããŸããããã®äžã«ã¯è¯ããã®ãããã°ãæªããã®ããããã²ã©ããã®ããããŸãã
è¯å®çãªç¹ã¯ãããªåå®ãå€ãã®äººãèããŠããããããã£ãšæ©ãæ¹åãããããšã§ãã æ°åæ¡çŽã®ç· çŽåœã¯ã2016幎11æã«ãã©ã±ã·ã¥ã§åäŒããŸããã å€ãã®ãªãã¶ãŒããŒã¯ãå€ãã®å·ãæåºéãåæžããããã®éå¿ãäžããããã®å£å®ãšããŠãã©ã³ãã®åå©ïŒäŒè°äžã«èµ·ãã£ãïŒã䜿çšããŠããããšãæããŠããŸããã 決ããŠãç±³åœïŒãªãã倧統é ãåŒãç¶ãææ®ïŒãšäžåœãå«ãã»ãšãã©ã®å·ã¯ãæ çµã¿æ¡çŽããã®ã³ãããã¡ã³ããå確èªããåœé瀟äŒã«ããªåå®ã®ç®æšãéµå®ããããã®åªåã匷åããããæ±ããŸããã
ããã«ã2016幎10æã®ãã©ã±ã·ã¥ã§ã®äŒè°ã®çŽ1ãæåã«ãã«ã¯ã³ãã®ãã¬ãªã§ã®äŒè°ã§ãçŽ200ãåœãæã匷åãªæž©å®€å¹æã¬ã¹ã®1ã€ã§ãããã€ãããã«ãªãã«ãŒãã³ã®æåºéãåæžããåã決ããè¡ããŸããã ãã®ã¹ãããã«ãããäžçŽã®çµãããŸã§ã«å°çæž©æåããæ倧0.5°Cãé€å€ããããšãã§ããŸãã
ãããããã¹ãŠã®æé«ã®ãã¥ãŒã¹ã¯ãäžçäžã§æ¥éã«å®ããªããã¯ãªãŒã³ãšãã«ã®ãŒïŒäž»ã«å€ªéœãšé¢šïŒã®åºããã§ãã ãäžçã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒã¯æé«æœ®ã«éããŸããããšãã«ã³ããŒã°ã®èŠåºããèªãã§ãã ããã [49]ã倪éœãšãã«ã®ãŒãåããŠå®äŸ¡ãªåœ¢åŒã®é»æ°ã«ãªããŸãã-ãã®åºçç©ã¯å€§åã³ã§ããïŒ3.4ç« ãåç §ïŒã
ããããäžèšã®é²å±ã«ç §ãããŠãæªããã¥ãŒã¹ããããŸããå°çæž©æåã¯ç¶ããŠããŸãã 2016幎ã¯ã2015幎ã«èšå®ãããæé«æ°æž©ã®éå»ã®èšé²ããããŠã2014幎ã®èšé²ãäžåããŸããã Climate Progressã®Joe Rommæ°ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«è¿°ã¹ãŠããŸãããåæ§ã®3幎éãã136幎éã®æž©åºŠèŠ³æž¬ã§ãããŸã§ã«èšé²ãããããšããããŸããã ããã¯ãå°çæž©æåãæ°åç§åŠè ãæ°å幎ã«ããã£ãŠäºæž¬ããã»ã©ã²ã©ãããŸãã¯ã¯ããã«æªããšããã2016幎ã®èšŒæ ã®æåŸã®éªåŽ©ã«ãããŸãããã[50]
ãã®ãããªæž©åºŠãèšé²ãããšããäºå®ã人ã ãæž©æåããã®ã«ååãªèšŒæ ã§ã¯ãªãå Žåã2016幎ã«è¡ãããããã€ãã®ç 究ã¯æµ·æŽæž©æåã®çšåºŠã®æ°ãã蚌æ ãæäŸããŸãã æµ·æŽã«ã¯èšå€§ãªãšãã«ã®ãŒã®äœå°ããããŸããã€ãŸããéå°ãªåå°ãšãã«ã®ãŒã®å€§éšåã¯äœäžçŽã«ãããã£ãŠæ®ããŸãã
2016幎ã¯ãæ°åå€åã«ãã£ãŠåŒãèµ·ããããæ°è±¡çœå®³ãšããç¹ã§ã¯éåžžèã§ããã äžçã®äžéšã®å°åã§ã¯æ·±å»ãªå¹²ã°ã€ãçºçããä»ã®å°åã§ã¯æ·±å»ãªæŽªæ°ŽãçºçããŸããã å極ã§ã¯ä¿¡ããããªãã»ã©ã®æ¿ããç±ã芳枬ããããã¹ãŠã®èŠ³æž¬ã§å¬æã®æäœã¬ãã«ã®æ°·ã«ãªããŸããã ããªã±ãŒã³ãšå°é¢šã¯ãå°çæž©æåã«ãã匷ããªããŸããã å°é家ã®ãžã§ãã»ãã¹ã¿ãŒãºã«ããã°ã[51] 2016幎ã«èšé²ãããæ匷ã®åµã¯2ã€ã®å°åã§çºçãã1幎éã§7ã€ã®ã«ããŽãªãŒ5ã®åµãçºçããŸããã ãã®åŸåã¯2017幎ãŸã§ç¶ããã¢ãžã¢ãšã¢ã¡ãªã«ã§å€§ããªç±åž¯æŽé¢šéšãçºçããŸãããããŒãã€ãšã€ã«ãã¯ãããµã¹ãšãããªããã²ã©ãç Žå£ããŸããã
æ¬åœã«æãããåºæ¥äºã«ãªããšããã©ã³ãã®éžæããããã®äžã§æãéèŠã ã£ãããšã¯é©ãããšã§ã¯ãããŸããã äžéšã®å°é家ã¯ããã©ã³ããæçµçã«ç§åŠè ã®æèŠãèãå§ããæ°åå€åãçå£ã«èãå§ããããšãæãã§ããŸããã ãããã2017幎3æã®ç³çãç³æ²¹ãã¬ã¹ãæ¯æŽãã圌ã®æ±ºå®ã¯ããã®ãããªæ¥œèŠ³çãªæåŸ ãè£ä»ããŠããŸããã§ããã ææªã®äºæ ã¯ãã¡ããã圌ã6æäžæ¬ã«ããªåå®ããæ€éããç±³åœã«ã€ããŠäžãã決å®ã§ããã
æ°åå€åã¯ãåœéçãªã³ãããã¡ã³ããå¿ èŠãªãããã¯ã§ãã ãã®ãããªåæã«éããã«ã¯ã1992幎ã®å°çãµãããã®23幎åŸã«äžçãæ çµã¿æ¡çŽã«çœ²åããã®ã«ããã£ãã ãªããæ代ã®ç±³åœã¯ããã®åæã«éããã®ã«éèŠãªåœ¹å²ãæãããŸããã ãã©ã³ãã®æ±ºå®ã¯ãèªåŒµããããšãªããæ°åå€ååå®ãšãå±éºãªæ°åå€åãé²ãããã«äžçäžã®æ¿åºãéœåžãäŒæ¥ãåžæ°ç€ŸäŒçµç¹ãè¡ã£ããã¹ãŠã®åªåã®æ²åã§ãã 圌ã®è¡åã¯æ ¢ã§ç¡ç¥ã§ãã ä»ã®ãã¹ãŠã®å·ã¯æ°åãæåªå ã«ããããšã«åæãããã圌ã¯ã¢ã¡ãªã«ãæåã§ããã¹ãã ãšäž»åŒµããã ç®èãªããšã«ãç±³åœã¯ãäžçã®æ¿æ²»åéã§ã®å°äœãããã§ã®ãªãŒããŒã®åœ¹å²ã®æ¬ åŠãããã³ã°ãªãŒã³ãã¯ãããžãŒã®çç£ã«ãããæå°çå°äœã®äž¡æ¹ã®ç¹ã§ééããªãæè ã«ãªãã§ãããã ä»ã®åœïŒäžåœã¯æåŸã«ãªããŸããããå°ãªããšãéèŠãªããšïŒã¯å ãæã€ã§ãããã
ãã§ã«è¿°ã¹ãããã«ãä»åŸæ°å¹Žéã®æåºåæžçã¯ãããªåå®ã®åœåã®æšå®ãããã¯ããã«é«ããªãã¯ãã§ãã ããããªããšãå¥çŽã«èšèŒãããŠããç®æšãéæããæ¹æ³ããªããªããŸãã ãããŠãç±³åœã®ç©æ¥µçãªåå ããªããã°ããã®èª²é¡ã¯åçŽã«å·šå€§ã§ãã
çµè«ãšããŠãããªåå®ãšäžçã®æ°æž©äžæãã2°Cãã¯ããã«äžåããç¶æ ã«ä¿ã€èœåã«ã€ããŠã®ç§ãã¡ã®èŠè§£ã¯ã1幎åãããæ²èŠ³çã«ãªããŸããã åç³çæã«åºã¥ããŠçµæžã®å¯¿åœã延ã°ãããšãã«ã®ãŒç£æ¥ã®ææè ãè±ãã«ããããšãç®çãšãããã©ã³ãã®éžæãšåœŒã®è¡åã¯ãæåã®éèŠãªèŠå ã§ãã ãã1ã€ã¯ãããªåå®ã®éå¿çãªç®æšãèšå®ãããåœå ã§æ±ºå®ãããè²¢ç®ã®ç³ãç«ãŠããä¿®æ£ãã課é¡ã«é¢ããŠæ±ºå®çãªæªçœ®ãè¬ããå·ã¯ãããããã§ãã äžçã¯ãŸã æäœ3°Cã®æž©æåã«åãã£ãŠããŸãã
ããªåå®ãéµå®ããæ°åå€åã®è åšãåé¿ããæ©äŒãåŸãããã«ã欧å·é£åãäžåœãã€ã³ããªã©ã®ãã¬ãŒã€ãŒã¯ãä»åŸãæ°åã®ææ決å®ã«ãããŠããç©æ¥µçãªåœ¹å²ãæããå¿ èŠããããŸãã EUã¯ãéå»20幎éãç¹ã«ãžã§ãŒãžWããã·ã¥å€§çµ±é ã®ä»»æäžã«ãå®éã«éãåãéããŠããŸããã , , .
, , 2030 ( 40% 1990 ) . . , , , , . â , â 3 .
ç¶è¡ããã«ã¯...
â MagisterLudi . èå³ã®ããæ¹ã¯ãããã©ãã·ã¥ã¢ããã«åå ããŠ220ããŒãžã®ã¬ããŒãã翻蚳ããŠãã ããã å人ã®ã¡ãŒã«ãŸãã¯magisterludi2016@yandex.ruã«ã¡ãŒã«ããŠãã ãã
ã¯ã©ããªãããŒã2018ã®ã¬ããŒãã®ãã®ä»ã®ç¿»èš³
1.1.1
« »
1.1.2:
«»
1.1.3:
« »
1.6:
« »
1.11:
« »
1.12:
« »
2.6:
« »
2.10:
« , »
3.1:
« »
3.2:
«Development Alternatives»
3.3:
« »
3.4:
« »
3.5:
« »
3.6:
« : »
3.7:
«: , »
3.8:
« »
3.9:
« »
3.10:
« »
3.11:
« »
3.12:
« »
3.13:
«, , »
3.14:
« ...»
3.15:
« »
3.16:
« »
3.17:
« : »
3.18:
« »