ãŸããã
ãã®æçš¿ã¯ã Wiki ã TechNet ã FreeBSDã®ãã³ããã㯠ã Serverfault ãå€ãã®RFCããã³IANAããã¥ã¡ã³ãã®æŠèŠãããã³Yandexã®åŸæ¥å¡åãã®Specialists.Ruã®ã³ãŒã¹ã§ãã
ãã®æçš¿ã¯ã2012幎ã®çŸåšã® IPv6ä»æ§ã«é¢ãããªã³ã¯ã®è²¯éç®±ãšèããããšãã§ããŸãã ãã ãã ã€ã³ã¿ãŒããããžã®IPv6æ¥ç¶ã確ç«ããå¯èœæ§ã®ããæ¹æ³ã«ã€ããŠã¯äžå説æããŠããããç¹å®ã®OSã«é¢é£ä»ããããŠããŸããã
ãã®habrastatyãèªãã®ã«30åãããããªãããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ãããããããèšäºã«èšèŒãããŠãããã¹ãŠã®ãªã³ã¯ãç解ããããšã匷ããå§ãããŸããåŸè ã«ã¯æ°é±éãããå ŽåããããŸãã
åææ¡ä»¶
ãã®èšäºã¯ãIPv6ã®åºæ¬ããšåŒã°ããŠããŸãããIPãããã¯ãŒã¯ã«é¢ããåºæ¬çãªç¥èãšãIPv6ã®å°ãªããšãå°ãã®å®éçãªçµéšãããããšãæ瀺ããŠããŸãã
ãŸããCisco Implementing IPv6 Addressing and Basic Connectivityãèªãããšããå§ãããŸãã
ãŸããWikipediaã§æäŸãããŠãããªã³ã¯ã¯ãå€ãã®å Žåããã®ã³ã³ãã³ããããåç §ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã§ãã泚ç®ã«å€ããããšã泚ç®ã«å€ããŸãã
IPv6ã¢ãã¬ã¹
IPv6ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã®æ§é
ãã®ããã®æåã®ããŒãžã§ã³ã«ã¯å€ãã®ããã¹ãããããŸãããããŠã£ãããã£ã¢ã®ãã®ç¬éãããçŽ æŽãããèšäºãæé·ããŸããïŒ IPv6ã¢ãã¬ã¹ ã
ãµãããããã¹ã¯
ãã¹ã¯ã¯/ãã¬ãã£ãã¯ã¹ïŒ CIDR ïŒã«ãã£ãŠã®ã¿èšå®ãããããã«ãªããIPv6ã«ã¯ã¯ã©ã¹ã®ã¢ãã¬ã¹æå®ãšæšæºã®10é²æ°ã®ãããè¡šèšã¯ãããŸããã ãŸããæåãšæåŸã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã¯ããããããããã¯ãŒã¯èå¥åãšãããŒããã£ã¹ãçšã«äºçŽãããŠããŸããã
IPv6ã®å²ãåœãŠ
IPv4ãšåæ§ã«ãIPv6ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã¯çµç¹ã®éå±€ãéããŠå²ãåœãŠãããŸã ã
RIR ïŒ/ 12- / 23ïŒ-> NIR ïŒ??ïŒ-> LIR ïŒ/ 19- / 32ïŒ-> ISPïŒ/ 48- / 56ïŒ-> LANïŒ=> / 64ïŒ
ISPã¯ãå¿ èŠã«å¿ããŠãã§ã«ã¢ãã¬ã¹ããããã¯ãŒã¯ã«å²ãåœãŠãŠããŸãã ãã ããIPv6ã¿ã¹ã¯ãã©ãŒã¹ã®ãã¹ããã©ã¯ãã£ã¹ïŒ 顧客ãžã®IPv6å²ãåœãŠã«é¢ããISPã®ã¬ã€ãã©ã€ã³ããããŸãã
äžè¬ã«ãIPv6ã¢ãã¬ã¹å²ãåœãŠèŠæ±ã¯RFC5375 IPv6ãŠããã£ã¹ãã¢ãã¬ã¹å²ãåœãŠã®èæ ®äºé ã§èª¬æãããŠããŸã
ãŸããèå³æ·±ã詳现ïŒIPv6ã«ãŒãã£ã³ã°ããŒãã«ã¯ãå ã ãå¯èœãªéããéçŽãããããã®ãšããŠäœæãããäºå®ã§ãããããã¯ã ãããã€ããŒç¬ç«ïŒPIïŒã¢ãã¬ã¹ããªãããšãæå³ããŸãã ãã ãã2009幎ã®å€§äŒæ¥ïŒæããã«BGPãã§ã€ã«ãªãŒããŒãåžæããŠããïŒã¯äŸç¶ãšããŠRIPEããããã·ã¥ããããããIPv6ã§PIã¢ãã¬ã¹ãååŸããããšãå¯èœã«ãªããŸããã
ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã®çš®é¡ãšãã®ãã¬ãã£ãã¯ã¹
IPv6ã¢ãã¬ãã·ã³ã°ã¯ã RFC4291ã§è©³çŽ°ã«èª¬æãããŠããŸã ã 次ã«ãæãäžè¬çãªã¿ã€ãã®IPv6ã¢ãã¬ã¹ããã®ç®çãããã³ãã¬ãã£ãã¯ã¹ã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããŸãã
-
::/128 - Unspecified
æª::/128 - Unspecified
-ãããã¯ãŒã¯äžã®ã©ã®ããŒãã«ãå±ããŠã¯ãªããŸããã -
::/0 - Default route
ã -
::1/128 - Loopback
; -
fe80::/10 - Link-Local
-ãªã³ã¯äžã®äžæã®ã¢ãã¬ã¹ãfe80::
ãã¬ãã£ãã¯ã¹ãšãããã¯ãŒã¯ã«ãŒãã®MACã¢ãã¬ã¹ããã®IPv6 link-local
ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã®äœæãããã³ãã®ä»ã®å€ãã®ããšã¯ãMicrosoftã®ãã¬ãŒã³ããŒã·ã§ã³ããã³IPããŒãžã§ã³6ããã¥ã¡ã³ãã®æŠèŠã§èª¬æãããŠããŸããæã§å€æŽãããEUI-64èå¥åãäœæããæé ã¯ãRFC4291ã®ä»é²Aã§èª¬æãããŠããŸã ïŒ; -
fec0::/10 - Site-Local
-RFC3879ã«ããå€æã§éæšå¥šã -
fc00::/7 - Unique Site-Local
ããŒã«ã«-RFC4193ã®ãµã€ãããŒã«ã«ã眮ãæããŸãã ã çŸåšãfc00 :: / 8ãšfd00 :: / 8ã®2ã€ã®éšåã«åãããŠããŸãã çµç¹å ã§äžæã§ãããã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããã¢ãã¬ã¹ã«ã«ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãããŸããã ãã ãããµã€ãå ããã³ãµã€ãéã§ã«ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã§ããŸãã -
ff00::/8 - Multicast
ã«ã€ããŠã¯ã以äžã§è©³ãã説æããŸãã ãã«ããã£ã¹ãã¢ãã¬ã¹ã®å®å šãªãªã¹ãã¯ã IANA IPv6 Multicast Addressesã«ãããŸãã -
::0000/96 - IPv4-Compatible IPv6 Address
- deprecated ; -
::ffff/96 - IPv4-Mapped IPv6 Address
ã«Socket APIåãã®ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã ãããã®ç®çã¯ã RFC4038ã§è©³çŽ°ã«èª¬æãããŠããŸã ã ãã®RFCãèªãããšã¯ããã¥ã¢ã«ã¹ã¿ãã¯ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãäœæããããšããŠããããã°ã©ãã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸãã
ãã¹ãŠã®ãéç¹æ®ãã¢ãã¬ã¹ã¯æ¬¡ã®ãã®ã«é¢é£ããŸãã
Global Unicast
-ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããå šäœã§äžæã®ã°ããŒãã«ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã ãã ãããããŸã§ã®ãšããã ãã®ããã¥ã¡ã³ãã§å€æãããš ãã°ããŒãã«ã¹ããŒã¹
2000::/3
ïŒ
2000::
ãã
3fff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff
ã¢ãã¬ã¹ïŒ
ãã©ãã£ãã¯ã®çš®é¡
-
Unicast
-å€ãè¯ããŠããã£ã¹ãã -
Multicast
-ãã«ããã£ã¹ãã¯çŸåšãå¿ èŠãªæ¡åŒµæ©èœã§ãããIPv4ã®ããã«ãªãã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ãããŸããã IGMPã¯MLDïŒ Multicast Listener Discovery ïŒã«çœ®ãæããããŸããã ãŸããã°ããŒãã«ãã«ããã£ã¹ããã¬ãã£ãã¯ã¹ãååŸããæé ã¯ç°¡åã«ãªããŸããã/64ãã¬ãã£ãã¯ã¹ãåä¿¡ãããšããããã€ããŒã¯èªåçã«42åã®ã°ããŒãã«ãã«ããã£ã¹ãã°ã«ãŒããåä¿¡ããŸãã æé ã¯RFC3306ã§è©³çŽ°ã«èª¬æãããŠã ãŸã ãçŽæ¥RFC3956ã® IPv6ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã«RPã¢ãã¬ã¹ãåã蟌ãããšã«ãã£ãŠè£ãããŸãã IPv4ããã³IPv6ã®ã°ããŒãã«ãã«ããã£ã¹ããã¬ãã£ãã¯ã¹ã®ååŸã«ã€ããŠã¯ã RFC6308ã§èª¬æãããŠããŸã ã ãŸããIPv4ãã«ããã£ã¹ããªã³ã¯å±€ã§ã¯ãã¬ãã£ãã¯ã¹ã01ïŒ00ïŒ5eã§ããããIPv6ã§ã¯33ïŒ33ïŒffã«ãªã£ãããšã«ã泚æããŠãã ããïŒLinuxã®ifmcstat
ãŸãã¯ip maddr
ãä»ããŠFreeBSDã®ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ã®ã°ã«ãŒãã®ãªã¹ããèŠãããšãã§ããŸãïŒ; -
Anycast
åãã ãã®ã¿ã€ãã®ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã¯éåžžãåçã«ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãããã³ã«ïŒBGPãªã©ïŒã«ãã£ãŠäžåºŠã«è€æ°ã®å Žæããéç¥ãããŸãã ããã«ãããã«ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãããã³ã«ã«é¢ããŠæé©ãªã«ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãããã³ã«ãæäŸãããŸãã -
Broadcast
-ãããŒããã£ã¹ãã¯IPv6ã«ã¯ååšããŸããã ãã®ä»£ããã«ã All Nodes Addressã䜿çšã§ããŸãã ããã«éä¿¡ããããã±ããã¯ãèšå®ããã IPv6ã¢ãã¬ã¹ãæã€ãã¹ãã«ã®ã¿éä¿¡ãããŸãïŒMLDã¹ããŒãã³ã°ãæå¹ã«ãªã£ãŠããïŒã ãŸããIPv6ããŒãžã§ã³ã§ãããŒããã£ã¹ãã䜿çšãããããã³ã«ã®äžéšãç¬èªã®ãã«ããã£ã¹ãã°ã«ãŒããååŸããŸããã
ã¢ãã¬ã¹ç¯å²
IPv6ã§ã¯ã Scopeãªã©ã®æŠå¿µïŒå¥åZone ID Microsoftã®çšèªïŒ ãç»å ŽããŸãã ã å®éãããã¯IPv4ã«ããããŸããããæ瀺çã«å®çŸ©ãããŠããŸããã§ããïŒ10 / 8ã172.16 / 12ããã³192.168 / 16ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã¯ãã®äŸã§ãã
ãŠããã£ã¹ã/ãšããŒãã£ã¹ãã¢ãã¬ã¹ã®å Žåã以äžãé©çšãããŸãã
åIPv6察å¿ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ã«ã¯ãç¬èªã®ãªã³ã¯ããŒã«ã«ã¢ãã¬ã¹ããããŸãã ãã®ç¯å²ã¯ãçªç¶ãããŒã«ã«ã§ãã ãããã®ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã¯ãªã³ã¯å ã§äžæã§ãããåããã¹ãå ã§é¢é£ããå¿ èŠã¯ãããŸããã ãããã£ãŠãããšãã°ãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ã§äœæãããVLANã¯ã芪ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ãšåããªã³ã¯ããŒã«ã«ã¢ãã¬ã¹ãæã¡ãŸãïŒIPv6ãã©ã€ãã·ãŒæ¡åŒµã䜿çšããªãå Žåãåããªã³ã¯å±€ã¢ãã¬ã¹ããçæãããããïŒã IPv6ã¢ãã¬ã¹ãå±ããã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹ãæ瀺çã«ç€ºãã«ã¯ãçºä¿¡ãã±ããã®æåã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹ã§æå®ããããã¢ãã¬ã¹ãæžã蟌ããšãã«ç¹å¥ãªãµãã£ãã¯ã¹ã䜿çšããå¿ èŠããããŸãïŒWindowsã§ã®ïŒ Interface IndexïŒfe80 :: 2b0ïŒd0ffïŒfee9ïŒ4143ïŒ 3ïŒãŸãã¯ïŒ Interface Name in * BSD / LinuxïŒfe80 :: 2b0ïŒd0ffïŒfee9ïŒ4143ïŒ em0ïŒã
ãã«ããã£ã¹ãã¢ãã¬ã¹ã®å Žåãã¹ã³ãŒãã¯IPv6ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã®2çªç®ã®ãªã¯ãããã®æåŸã®4ãããã§ç€ºãããŸãïŒff0 s ::ããã³ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ããŒã«ã«ããªã³ã¯ããŒã«ã«ã管çããŒã«ã«ããµã€ãããŒã«ã«ãçµç¹ããŒã«ã«ãŸãã¯ã°ããŒãã«ã
ããã«ãRFC4007 IPv6 Scoped Address Architectureãã芧ãã ããã
IPv6ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã®ã©ã€ããµã€ã¯ã«
IPv6ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã®æ¬¡ã®ç¶æ ã¯ããã®ã©ã€ããµã€ã¯ã«ãéããŠå¯èœã§ãã
- ä»®-äœæã®äžææ§ããŸã 確èªãããŠããŸãã
- æå¹-ãã®ã¢ãã¬ã¹ãžã®ãã©ãã£ãã¯ã¯ãã¹ãã«ãã£ãŠåä¿¡ããã2ã€ã®ãµãã¹ããŒãã«åå²ãããŸãã
- åªå ç¶æ -ã¡ã€ã³ã®ç¶æ ãã¢ãã¬ã¹ã®ç¡å¶éã®äœ¿çšã
- éæšå¥šç¶æ -ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã¯å€ãæ¥ç¶ã«åŒãç¶ã䜿çšã§ããŸãããæ°ããæ¥ç¶ãäœæããããšã¯ã§ããŸããã
- ç¡å¹-ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã䜿çšããŠãã±ãããéåä¿¡ã§ããŸããã
IPv6ãã±ãã
IPv6ãã±ããããããŒ
ããã±ãŒãžããããŒåœ¢åŒã®å€§å¹ ãªå€æŽ
- åºå®ããããŒãµã€ãº
- ãã§ãã¯ãµã ããããŒã¯ãªãããããã§ãã¯ããå¿
èŠã¯ãªãã
TTLãããå¶éãå€æŽãããšãã«åãã±ããã«å¯ŸããŠåã«ãŠã³ãããå¿ èŠããããŸããã ãã§ãã¯ãµã ã¯ãã¯ãååšããªããããæ å ±ã®æŽåæ§ã«å¯Ÿãããã¹ãŠã®è²¬ä»»ã¯äœã¬ãã«ã®ãããã³ã«ã«ããå¿ èŠããããŸããããšãã°ãã€ãŒãµããããã¬ãŒã ã«ã¯ç¬èªã®æ£çŽãªCRC32ããããŸãã ãŸããUDPãã±ããã®å Žåããã§ãã¯ãµã ã¯å¿ é ã«ãªãããã§ãã¯ãµã 0000ã®UDP / IPv6ãã±ããã¯åä¿¡ãã¹ãã«ãã£ãŠåã«ç Žæ£ãããŸãã - TTLèªäœã¯çŸåšããããå¶éãšåŒã°ããŠããŸãïŒãããããã«ãŒã¿ãŒã®åæã®ç¶æ ã§ã¯ããã±ããããã¥ãŒã«å°çããããšã«TTLã1ã€ãã€æžããããšã§ããã MPLS / TEã®åºç¯å²ã«ãããå°å ¥ã«é¢ããææ°ã®åŸåã«é¢é£ããŠãIPãã±ãããMPLSãééãããšãããã®TTL / HopLimitã¯ã©ãŠãã¯å€åããªãå¯èœæ§ãããããšã«æ³šæãã䟡å€ããããŸãã
- ã«ãŒã¿ãŒã¯ãã±ããã®æçåã«é¢äžããªããªããŸããã ãã¹ãã¯èªåã§ãã¹MTUãã£ã¹ã«ããªãŒãå®è¡ãããã±ãããåå²ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã æå°MTUã¯çŸåš1280ã§ãã
- ã¹ããªãŒã ã©ãã«ãè¿œå ãããŸãããã«ãŒã¿ãŒããªãããŒããããã©ãã£ãã¯ãããæ£ç¢ºã«åªå é äœä»ãããŠãã©ã³ã¹ãåãããã«äœ¿çšãããŸãã RFC6437- IPv6 Flow Label Specificationã§è©³çŽ°ãèŠã€ããããšãã§ããŸãã ãã®IPv6ããããŒãã£ãŒã«ããå®éã«äœ¿çšããããšã«ã€ããŠã¯ãŸã æŠãããããŸãã RFC6294- IPv6ãããŒã©ãã«ã®ææ¡ãŠãŒã¹ã±ãŒã¹ã®èª¿æ» ãIPv64 ãããŒã©ãã«ä»æ§ãžã®æŽæ°ã®ããã® RFC6436- æ ¹æ ããã³RFC6438-ãã³ãã«ã§ã®çã³ã¹ããã«ããã¹ã«ãŒãã£ã³ã°ããã³ãªã³ã¯éçŽã® ããã®IPv6ãããŒã©ãã«ã®äœ¿çšã§èªãããšãã§ããŸãã ããã©ã«ãã®ãããŒã©ãã«ãèšå®ããªãïŒãã¹ãæžã¿ã®ïŒãªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã·ã¹ãã ã¯ãFreeBSDã®ã¿ã§ãã
- æåïŒå»æ¢ãããRFC1883㧠ïŒããã©ãã£ãã¯ã¯ã©ã¹ãã£ãŒã«ãã¯åªå 床ãšåŒã°ãã4ããããå æãããããŒã©ãã«ã¯24ãããã§ããã RFC2460ã§ã¯ ããããã¯ãããã8ããããš20ãããã«ãªããŸããã 誰ããå¥œé žççã«èå³ãããå Žåã¯ãwikiã®æ®ãã®æŽå²çãªã¡ã¢ãèªãããšãã§ããŸãã
- IPSecãµããŒããå¿ èŠã«ãªããŸããã
æ¡åŒµããããŒ
ãã±ããããããŒã®é·ããåºå®ãããå€§å¹ ã«ç°¡çŽ åãããŸãããã æ¡åŒµããããŒã®ãããã§ã40ãã€ãã®ãµã€ãºå¶éã«ããäžè¬ã«äœ¿çšã§ããªãã£ãIPv4ãªãã·ã§ã³ãããé«ãæè»æ§ãæäŸãããŸã ã IPv6ãã±ããã®æ§é ã¯RFC2460ã§è©³çŽ°ã«èª¬æãããŠããŸãããããã§ã¯æãåºæ¬çãªãã®ã®ã¿ã説æããŸãã
åãã±ããã«ã¯ãNext Headerãšãã8ãããã®ãã£ãŒã«ããå«ãŸããnext headerã®èå¥åãå«ãŸããŸãã æ¡åŒµããããŒã¯ãIPv6ããããŒã®çŽåŸïŒããããŒãšIPv6ãã±ããã®ãã€ããŒãã®éïŒã«ç§»åããè¿œå ã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã¬ã€ã€ãŒæ å ±ãå«ããããšãã§ããŸãã çŸåšã次ã®ã¿ã€ãã®æ¡åŒµããããŒã䜿çšã§ããŸãã
-
Hop-by-Hop Options
-ãã±ããã®ã«ãŒãäžã®ã«ãŒã¿ãŒã¯ãIPv6ããããŒã®ã¿ã衚瀺ããå¿ èŠããããŸããä»ã®ãã¹ãŠã®ããããŒã¯ããã±ããã®åä¿¡è å°çšã§ãã ãã ããHop-By-HopããããŒã¯äŸå€ã§ãããã¹ãŠã®ã«ãŒã¿ãŒãããã確èªããããå Žåã¯IPv6ããããŒã®çŽåŸã«ç§»åããå¿ èŠããããŸãã -
Routing
-RFC5095ã¯ãè匱æ§ã®å®çŸ©ã«DoSãå«ãã¿ã€ã0ã«ãŒãã£ã³ã°ããããŒããã£ã³ã»ã«ããŸãïŒIPv4ã®ãœãŒã¹ã«ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãããããã«æ·±å»ã§ãïŒã IPv6ã®ã»ãã¥ãªãã£ã®ãããã¯ã¯ã RFC4942ããã³IPv6ã®Security Implicationsã®ãã¬ãŒã³ããŒã·ã§ã³ã§è©³çŽ°ã«èª¬æãããŠããŸã ã -
Fragment
-ãã©ã°ã¡ã³ãåããããã±ããããããŒã æ¢ã«è¿°ã¹ãããã«ãã«ãŒã¿ãŒã¯ãã©ã°ã¡ã³ããŒã·ã§ã³ã«å¯ŸåŠããªããªã£ããããéä¿¡è èªèº«ãæé©ãªãã±ãããµã€ãºãåŠçããå¿ èŠããããŸããããããªããšãéäžã®ã«ãŒã¿ãŒã®1ã€ãããã±ããã倧ãããªããããŸãã ãšããã§ãIPv6ã®MTUã¯1280以äžã§ãªããã°ãªããŸããã -
Destination Options
-åä¿¡è å°çšã®ãªãã·ã§ã³ã
IPSecèªèšŒããã³æå·åããããŒããããŸãã
IPv6ãããã³ã«
ICMPv6
IPv6ã®ICMPã¯ICMPv6ã«çœ®ãæããããŸããã ICMPv6ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãã€ã³ã¿ãŒããããããã³ã«ããŒãžã§ã³6ïŒIPv6ïŒä»æ§ã®RFC4443 ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããå¶åŸ¡ã¡ãã»ãŒãžãããã³ã«ïŒICMPv6ïŒãåç §ããŠãã ããã
ICMPv6èªäœã¯éåžžã«åçŽã§ãããããã«åºã¥ããŠããªãéèŠãªãããã³ã«ãå€æ°äœæãããŸããããã«ã€ããŠã¯ã以äžã§èª¬æããŸãã
MLD
ãã«ããã£ã¹ããªã¹ããŒã®çºèŠã¯ãICMPv6ããŒã¹ã®ãããã³ã«ã§ãã IPv6çšã®IGMPã®é¡äŒŒç©ã 詳现ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãRFC3810- IPv6ã®ãã«ããã£ã¹ããªã¹ããŒçºèŠããŒãžã§ã³2ïŒMLDv2ïŒãåç §ããŠãã ããã
NDP
ARPã«åã£ãŠä»£ãã£ãNeighbor Discovery Protocolã®èª¬æã¯ã RFC4861ã§å©çšå¯èœã§ãã ããã¯åå¥ã®ãããã³ã«ã§ã¯ãªããããã€ãã®æ°ããã¿ã€ãã®ã¡ãã»ãŒãžãè¿œå ããICMPv6ã®ã¢ããªã³ã§ãã
NDPã®äž»ãªç®çã¯ããªã³ã¯å±€ãšIPv6ã¢ãã¬ã¹ããããã³ã°ããããšã§ãããããã¯æ©èœã®ã»ãã®äžéšã§ãã
NDPã§ä»ã«ã§ããããšïŒ
- Neigbour Unreachability Detectionã次ã®2ã€ã®æ¹æ³ã®ããããã䜿çšããŠããã¹ãã®å¯çšæ§ãå€æã§ããŸãã
- ããé«ãã¬ãã«ã®ãããã³ã«ã䜿çšããŸãã
- ãã¹ããè¿é£åºåã¡ãã»ãŒãžã§å¿çãããŠããã£ã¹ãèŠè«ã䜿çšããŸãã
- éè€ã¢ãã¬ã¹æ€åº
- ãªãã€ã¬ã¯ãã®éä¿¡ãšåŠç
- ãªã³ã¯ãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãŒã®å®çŸ©ïŒMTUãªã©ïŒ
- ãããã¯ãŒã¯ãµãŒãã¹ã®å®çŸ©ïŒäŸïŒDNSïŒRFC6106 IPv6 Router Advertisement Options for DNS Configuration ïŒ
- ã¹ããŒãã¬ã¹èªåæ§æïŒè©³çŽ°ã¯ä»¥äžïŒ
RFC3971ã§èª¬æãããŠããNDP- SEcure Neighbor Discovery ïŒSENDïŒã®æå·çã«å®å šãªé¡äŒŒç©ããããŸãã SENDã¯ã RFC3972ã§äžŠè¡ããŠèšè¿°ãããæå·åçæã¢ãã¬ã¹ã䜿çšããŸã ã
èªåèšå®
ãŒãã³ã³
åè¿°ã®ããã«ããã¹ãã¯ãªã³ã¯å±€ã¢ãã¬ã¹ããIPv6ãªã³ã¯ããŒã«ã«ã¢ãã¬ã¹ãèªåçã«çæã§ããŸãã ãããã£ãŠãèšå®ãè¡ããªããŠãããããã¯ãŒã¯ã«æ¥ç¶ãããŠããIPv6察å¿ãã¹ãã¯ããããã¯ãŒã¯å±€ã¢ãã¬ã¹ãèªèº«ã«äžããŸãã
IPv4ã§ã¯ããã®ãã¯ãããžãŒã¯äºçŽããã169.254 / 16ã®IPv4ç¯å²ã䜿çšããŸãã ãã®æè¡ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãRFC3927 IPv4ãªã³ã¯ããŒã«ã«ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã®åçæ§æã§è©³ãã説æãããŠããŸãïŒãã®RFCã¯IPv6ã®2462ã®åŸã«åºãŠããããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ããïŒã
ã¹ããŒããã«
IPv4ã§ã¯ãèªåæ§æã¯DHCPãµãŒããŒã䜿çšããŠã®ã¿å¯èœã§ãã IPv6ã¯ãã®å¯èœæ§ãæ®ããŸãããDHCPv6ãµãŒããŒãšã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ãã䜿çšããŠãããã¯ãŒã¯ãæ§æã§ããŸãã ãã ããDHCPv6ãã³ããŒã®ãµããŒãã¯ãŸã èŒããŠããŸãããããšãã°ãFreeBSDã®dhclientã¯ããã®ãŸãŸIPv6ã䜿çšããæ¹æ³ãç¥ããŸããã
ã¹ããŒãã¬ã¹
IPv6ã®ã¹ããŒããã«æ§æã«å ããŠã ã¹ããŒãã¬ã¹èªåæ§æããããŸããããã«ããããã¹ãã¯NDPã䜿çšããŠDHCPãµãŒããŒãªãã§ãããã¯ãŒã¯äžã®IPv6ã¢ãã¬ã¹ãèªåçã«ååŸã§ããŸãã ã«ãŒã¿ãŒããã¬ãã£ãã¯ã¹ãèšå®ããã ãã§ãæ®ãã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã®ã«ãŒã¿ãŒã¢ããã¿ã€ãºã¡ã³ããéããŠã¢ããŠã³ã¹ãããŸãã ãã¹ãã¯RAãåä¿¡ãããã¬ãã£ãã¯ã¹ãšãªã³ã¯å±€ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã«åºã¥ããŠIPv6ã¢ãã¬ã¹ãæ§æããŸãã
ããã€ãã®ã³ã¡ã³ãïŒ
- ã¹ããŒãã¬ã¹ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã®æ±ºå®ã¯ãRAãéä¿¡ããã«ãŒã¿ãŒ/ããŒã¿ãŒãããå Žåã«ã®ã¿å¯èœã§ãã
- åã«ãŒã¿ãŒã«ã¯ãé«/äž/äœã®åªå é äœããããŸãã ãªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã·ã¹ãã ã¯ãããã©ã«ãã«ãŒããéžæãããšãã«èæ ®ãã¹ãã§ãã
- RFC6106- DNSæ§æã®IPv6ã«ãŒã¿ãŒã¢ããã¿ã€ãºã¡ã³ããªãã·ã§ã³ã¯ ãRAã«DNSãµãŒããŒã¢ãã¬ã¹ãçŽæ¥åã蟌ãæ¹æ³ã説æããŸããããã«ããããã®ç®çã§DHCPv6ãäžèŠã«ãªããŸãã ãã ããããã¯ãã¹ãŠã®ãã³ããŒã§ãµããŒããããŠããããã§ã¯ãããŸããã
- ãªã³ã¯å±€ã䜿çšããŠIPv6ã¢ãã¬ã¹ãçæããããšã¯ããã©ã€ãã·ãŒã®ç¹ã§éåžžã«å®å šã§ã¯ãããŸããã äžçäžã®ããªãã®åãããããŠæã«ã¯æ©åšã®ã¢ãã«ãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããå šäœã§å©çšå¯èœã«ãªããŸãã 解決çã¯ãRFC4941- IPv6ã®ã¹ããŒãã¬ã¹ã¢ãã¬ã¹èªåèšå®ã®ãã©ã€ãã·ãŒæ¡åŒµã§èª¬æãããŠããŸã ã ææ°ã®ãªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã·ã¹ãã ã¯ãã¹ãŠãã©ã€ãã·ãŒæ¡åŒµããµããŒãããŠããŸãã
çµã¿åããã
äž¡æ¹ã®ã¿ã€ãã®èªåæ§æãåæã«äœ¿çšã§ããŸããããšãã°ãIPv6ãã¬ãã£ãã¯ã¹ãååŸããã¹ããŒãã¬ã¹ãããã³ã«ãŒã¿ãŒã¢ããã¿ã€ãºã¡ã³ãã䜿çšããŠéä¿¡ã§ããªãDNSãµãŒããŒããã®ä»ã®ãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãŒã®ã¢ãã¬ã¹ãååŸããã¹ããŒããã«ãªã©ã§ãã
DNS
IPv6ã®ããã¥ã¡ã³ãã§ã¯ãã®ç¹ã«ã»ãšãã©æ³šæãæãããŠããŸãããããã®ãããã¯ã«é¢ããRFCã®æ°ããå€æãããšãå€æŽã¯èšå€§ã§ãã
IPv6ãå®å šã«ãµããŒãããããã«ãå€ãã®å€æŽãDNSã·ã¹ãã ïŒ RFC3152 ã RFC3226 ã RFC3363 ïŒã«å°å ¥ãããŸãããããŸã ããã€ãã®æªè§£æ±ºã®åé¡ããããŸã-RFC4472 ã
ãã°ããã®éãDNSã§IPv6ã¢ãã¬ã¹ãèšè¿°ããããã®2ã€ã®æšæºã§ããA6ãšAAAAããã ããããã®ããããã®é·æãšçæã¯RFC3364ã§èª¬æãããŠããŸã ã èŠããã«ãA6ã¯ããæè»æ§ãããããã¬ãã£ãã¯ã¹ãžã®ãŸãŒã³äŸåæ§ãå°ãªããAAAAã¯ââ0ã®é·ããã¬ãã£ãã¯ã¹ãæã€A6ã®ç¹æ®ãªã±ãŒã¹ã«ãããŸããã ããŒã ã·ã¹ãã ïŒDNSïŒ
æå°éã®IPv6ãµããŒãã®å Žåãå¿ èŠãªAAAAã¬ã³ãŒãã¯1ã€ã ãã§ãã PTRã¬ã³ãŒããå¿ èŠã«ãªãå ŽåããããŸãã IPv6ã®éåŒãDNSã¬ã³ãŒãã¯æãããèŠããŸãã ãããã£ãŠãããšãã°ãã¢ãã¬ã¹
4321:0:1:2:3:4:567:89ab
ba9.8.7.6.5.0.4.0.0.0.3.0.0.0.2.0.0.0.1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.1.2.3.4.IP6.ARPA.
ããã«ãªããŸã
ba9.8.7.6.5.0.4.0.0.0.3.0.0.0.2.0.0.0.1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.1.2.3.4.IP6.ARPA.
ã ãã®å æ¯ã¯æ°åŒ±ãªäººåãã§ã¯ãããŸãããã人ã ãèªåçã«å©çãçã¿åºãããã«ä¿ãå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã æåã§çæããå Žåã¯ã-rã¹ã€ãããªã©ã䜿çšããsipcalcããå§ãããŸãã
ãã®ä»
äžäœå±€ãããã³ã«
äœæ¥ã§ãããã¯ãŒã¯å±€ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã䜿çšããäžéšã®ãããã³ã«ã§ã¯ãIPv6ã§ã®äœæ¥ãéå§ããããã«ããã€ãã®å€æŽãè¡ãå¿ èŠããããŸããã ãã®ãããªãããã³ã«ã®äž»èŠãªäŸã¯FTPã§ãã
IPv4ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã§ã®IPv6ãã©ãã£ãã¯ã®èª¿æŽ
ããã§ã¯ã ããã€ãã®å¯èœãªæè¡ã«ã€ããŠéåžžã«ç°¡åã«èª¬æããŸã ã
- éçãªãã€ã³ãããŒãã€ã³ãMCT / GREãã³ãã«ã
- 6to4 ã 2002 :: / 16ã®ç¯å²ã䜿çšããŸãã ãŸãããå察åŽãã«ãã±ããã®ã«ãã»ã«åã解é€ããå°çšãµãŒããŒãæããªã顧客ããã€ã¹çšã®ããªã¢ã³ãããããŸããåçã«ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãããã³ã«ã䜿çšããŠè€æ°ã®6to4ã²ãŒããŠã§ã€ããã¢ããã¿ã€ãºããããšããŒãã£ã¹ãã¢ãã¬ã¹192.88.99.1ã«ã«ãã»ã«åãã±ãããéä¿¡ããŸãã
- ãã¬ã/ãã¬ãŒãã ãã¹ãŠã®ã¿ã€ãã®NATã§æ©èœããããã§ã¯ãããŸããã
- ISATAP-ãµã€ãå èªåãã³ãã«ã¢ãã¬ã¹æå®ãããã³ã«ã éåžžãDNSã®äœ¿çšã«é¢é£ä»ããããŠããŸãïŒè§£å床isatap.example.comã䜿çšïŒã
ã¢ãã€ã«IPv6
圌ã«ã€ããŠã¯äœãç¥ããªãã®ã§ãããã«æ®ããŠãããŠãã ããïŒ ã¢ãã€ã«IP
æ å ±ã®ãªããžããªãšããŠã®IPv6ã¢ãã¬ã¹
128ãããã«åæ-ããã¯æ³ååã®å·šå€§ãªç¯å²ã§ãã ãããã®åã128ãããã䜿çšããããšããå€ãã®æè¡ããããŸãã IPv4ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã®ãšã³ã³ãŒããæå·çœ²åããããŒãéã®è·é¢ã®æ±ºå®ãŸã§ïŒãšããã§ãç§ãã¡ã¯ãã®æ¹åã§èããŠããŸããããä»ã®ãšããALTOïŒ Application-Layer Traffic OptimizationïŒALTOïŒProblem StatementãèŠãŠãã ãã ïŒã
ãœã±ããAPI
Habratopikã¯ãããã°ã©ããŒã®èŠ³ç¹ããã§ã¯ãªããNOC /ã·ã¹ãã 管çè ã®èŠ³ç¹ããIPv6ã説æããŠããŸãã IPv6ã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã®æ©èœã«èå³ããã人ã¯ãRFC3493- IPv6ã®åºæ¬çãªãœã±ããã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹æ¡åŒµãšIPv6ãããã¯ãŒã¯ããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã®æ¬ãåç §ããããšããå§ãããŸãã
ããšãã
ãã¹ãŠãæ§æããããšãããã¹ãŠã®è©Šã¿ã«ããããããããã®èšäºã¯ããªãåä»ã§ããããšãå€æããŸããã ããããããã¯ãçŽç²ã«çè«çãªæ¹åæ§ã«ãããã®ã§ããããããã圌èªèº«ããŸã é ã®äžã®ãã¹ãŠã解決ããŠããªããšããäºå®ã«ãããã®ã§ãã ãããã«ããããããIPv6ãªã³ã¯ã®è¯ããªãã€ã³ããŒãšãã£ã¬ã¯ããªãšããŠãç§ã«ãšã£ãŠãhabrasocietyå šäœã«ãšã£ãŠã圹ç«ã€ããšãé¡ã£ãŠããŸãã
ãã ããRFCãštcpdumpsã«é ãåããåã«ãæåã«æ¬ãèªãããšãã§ããŸããããšãã°ãO'Reillyã®IP'6 Essentialsã¯ããã®èšäºã§èª¬æããè³æã®ååã«å€§ãã«åœ¹ç«ã€ã¯ãã§ãã