2017幎10æ19æ¥ã«ãDeepmindããŒã ã¯Natureã«èšäºãå ¬éããŸãã ããã®èŠæšã¯ãæ°ããAlphaGo Zeroã¢ãã«ã以åã®ããŒãžã§ã³ã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯ãç¡å¹ã«ããã ãã§ãªãããã¬ãŒãã³ã°ããã»ã¹ãžã®äººéã®åå ãå¿ èŠãšããªãããšã§ãã åœç¶ããã®å£°æã¯AIã³ãã¥ããã£ã§ççºããç匟ã®å¹æãçã¿åºãã誰ããããã«èå³ãæã¡ããã®ãããªæåãéæããããšãã§ããŸããã
ãããªãã¯ãã¡ã€ã³ã®è³æã«åºã¥ããŠãSimon sim0nsaysã¯çŽ æŽãããã¹ããªãŒã ãèšé²ããŸããã
ãããŠãäžåºŠèŠããããäºåºŠèªãã»ããç°¡åã ãšæã人ã®ããã«ãç§ã¯ããããã¹ãŠæçŽã§èª¬æããããšæããŸãã
closedcircles.comã§ã®è°è«ã«åºã¥ããŠãã¹ããªãŒã ãšèšäºãå€§å¹ ã«æ¡å€§ããŠãããããè°è«ãããŠããåé¡ã®ç¯å²ãšç¹å®ã®ãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®æ¹æ³ã«ããã«æ³šç®ããããšæããŸãã
ãããè¡ããŸãããã
ã©ãããã®ïŒ
å²ancientã¯å€ä»£ã®ïŒããŸããŸãªæšå®ã«ããã°ã2ã5000幎åã®ïŒããŒãæŠç¥ã²ãŒã ã§ãã åçŽç·ã§æããããã£ãŒã«ãããããŸãã 2人ã®ãã¬ãŒã€ãŒãããŸãã1人ã¯ããã°ã«çœãç³ãããããã1人ã¯é»ãç³ããããŸãã ãã¬ã€ã€ãŒã¯äº€ä»£ã§äº€ä»£ã§ç³ã眮ããŸãã ç°ãªãè²ã®ç³ã§4ã€ã®æ¹åã«å²ãŸãã1ã€ã®è²ã®ç³ã¯ãããŒãããåé€ãããŸãã
åè ã¯ãã²ãŒã ã®çµäºãŸã§ã«ãããåºãé åããå²ãã人ã§ãã ãŸã ããã€ãã®åŸ®åŠãªç¹ããããŸãããåºæ¬ã¯ãã¹ãŠã§ã-圌ã®äººçã§åããŠåœŒãèŠã人ã«ãšã£ãŠã5åã§ã«ãŒã«ã説æããããšã¯ããªãå¯èœã§ãã
ãããŠããªãããã¯é£ãããšèããããŠããŸããïŒ
ããŠãããã€ãã®ããŒãã²ãŒã ãæ¯èŒããŠã¿ãŸãããã
ãã§ãã«ãŒããå§ããŸãããã ãã§ãã«ãŒã§ã¯ããã¬ãŒã€ãŒã¯åããããããã®çŽ10ã®ãªãã·ã§ã³ãæã£ãŠããŸãã 1994幎ãäžçãã©ãããã£ã³ããªã³ã¯ ãã¢ã«ããŒã¿å€§åŠã®ç 究è ã«ãã£ãŠæžãããããã°ã©ã ã«beatãããŸãã ã
次ã¯ãã§ã¹ã§ãã ãã§ã¹ã§ã¯ããã¬ãŒã€ãŒã¯å¹³å20åã®æå¹ãªåããéžæããã²ãŒã ããšã«çŽ50åãã®éžæãè¡ããŸãã 1997幎ãIBMãäœæããããã°ã©ã ã§ããDeep Blueã¯ãäžçãã§ã¹ãã£ã³ããªã³ã®Garry Kasparovãç ŽããŸããã
ããè¡ã å°é家ã¯ã19x19ã®ãã£ãŒã«ãã§ãã¬ãŒããŸããããã«ãããç³ã眮ãå Žæã«361ã®ãªãã·ã§ã³ãäžããããŸãã ä»ã®ç³ã«å é ãããŠããå ¬ç¶ãšå€±ãããåãããã€ã³ããã«ããããŠããã²ãŒã ããšã«å¹³å50ã70åè¡ãå¿ èŠããã200ãè¶ ãããªãã·ã§ã³ãéžæã§ããŸãã ç¶æ³ã¯ãç³ãäºãã«çžäºäœçšããŠæ§é ã圢æãããšããäºå®ã«ãã£ãŠè€éã«ãªãããã®çµæã移å35ã«èšå®ãããç³ã¯115ã«ã®ã¿å©çãããããããšãã§ããŸãã ãããŠãã»ãšãã©ã®å Žåããã®åããç§ãã¡ãå©ããã®ã劚ããã®ããç解ããããšã¯äžè¬çã«å°é£ã§ãã ãããã2016幎ãAlphaGoããã°ã©ã ã¯ãã¹ã³ã¢4ïŒ1ã®5åã®ã²ãŒã ã§ãªãŒã»ãã«ã®äžçæ匷ïŒå°ãªããšãæ匷ã®1人ïŒãç ŽããŸããã
ãªãåã€ã®ã«ãããªã«æéãããã£ãã®ã§ããïŒ ããããã®ãªãã·ã§ã³ããããŸããïŒ
倧ãŸãã«èšãã°ãã¯ãã ãŸãããã§ãã«ãŒããã§ã¹ãããã³ãŽãŒã§ã¯ãã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ãæ©èœããäžè¬çãªååã¯ãŸã£ããåãã§ãã ãããã®ã²ãŒã ã¯ãã¹ãŠãå®å šãªæ å ±ãæã€ã²ãŒã ã®ã«ããŽãªã«åé¡ãããŸããã€ãŸããå¯èœãªãã¹ãŠã®ã²ãŒã ç¶æ ã®ããªãŒãæ§ç¯ã§ããŸãã ãããã£ãŠãç§ãã¡ã¯ãã®ãããªããªãŒãæ§ç¯ããã®ã¯ã€ãŸããªãã§ãããããŠãæã«æ²¿ã£ãŠé²ãã ãã§ãåå©ã«ã€ãªãããŸãã 埮åŠãªç¹ã¯ãããªãŒã®å Žåãåå²ä¿æ°ã倧ããå°è±¡çãªæ·±ããããããã«ããªãŒãéåžžã«å€§ãããªããé©åãªæéå ã«ããªãŒãæ§ç¯ããã移åãããã§ããªãããšã§ãã DeepMindã®ã¹ã¿ããã¯ãã®åé¡ã解決ã§ããŸããã
ãããŠã圌ãã¯ã©ã®ããã«åã¡ãŸãããïŒ
ããããã楜ãã¿ã§ãã
ãŸããGoGoã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ãAlphaGoã®åã«ã©ã®ããã«æ©èœãããã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããŸãããã ãããã®ãã¹ãŠã¯ãæãå°è±¡çãªçµæã瀺ãããå¹³åçãªã¢ããã¥ã¢ã®ã¬ãã«ã§æåãããã¹ãŠã¢ã³ãã«ã«ãããªãŒæ€çŽ¢-MCTSãšåŒã°ããæ¹æ³ã«äŸåããŠããŸããã ã¢ã€ãã¢ã¯äœã§ããïŒãããç解ããããšãéèŠã§ãïŒã
ç¶æ ã®æšããããŸã-åãã ãã®ç¹å®ã®ç¶æ³ããããã®ããªãŒã®æã®ããã€ãã«æ²¿ã£ãŠããããçµãããŸã§æ©ããŠããŸãã ãã©ã³ããçµäºããããæ°ããããŒãïŒããŒãïŒãè¿œå ããŠããã®ããªãŒãåŸã ã«å®æãããŸãã ãããŠãè¿œå ãããããŒããè©äŸ¡ããŠãããªãŒèªäœãå ¬éããã«ãå°æ¥ãã®ãã©ã³ããæ©ããã©ããã決å®ããŸãã
ãã詳现ã«ã¯ã次ã®ããã«æ©èœããŸãã
ã¹ããã1ãéžæïŒäœçœ®ã®ããªãŒãããã移åãããã³ã«ãçŸåšã®äœçœ®ã«æé©ãªåããŒããéžæããŸãã
ã¹ããã2ãæ¡åŒµïŒããªãŒã®çµããã«éãããšããŸãããããã¯ã²ãŒã ã®çµããã§ã¯ãããŸããã æ°ããåããŒããäœæããŠãããã«ç§»åããã ãã§ãã
ã¹ããã3ãã·ãã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ïŒããŠãæ°ããããŒããç»å ŽããŸãããå®éãç§ãã¡ãåããŠèŠã€ããã²ãŒã ã®ç¶æ³ã§ãã 次ã«ããããè©äŸ¡ããå¿ èŠããããŸããã€ãŸããç§ãã¡ãè¯ãç¶æ³ã«ãã£ããã©ãããç解ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã ã©ããã£ãŠããã®ïŒ åºæ¬ã³ã³ã»ããã§ã¯ãããããããŒã«ã¢ãŠãã䜿çšããŸããçŸåšã®äœçœ®ããã²ãŒã ïŒãŸãã¯å€ãã®ã²ãŒã ïŒããã¬ã€ããåã£ããè² ãããã確èªããŸãã çµæã®çµæãšããŒãã®æšå®å€ãèæ ®ããŸãã
4çªç®ã®ã¹ããããããã¯ãããã²ãŒã·ã§ã³ïŒæ°ããããŒããè¯ããæªããã«å¿ããŠãããªãŒãäžã£ãŠãã¹ãŠã®èŠªããŒãã®éã¿ãå¢æžããŸãã äžè¬ååãç解ããããšã¯éèŠã§ããããŸã ãã®æ®µéã詳现ã«æ€èšããæéããããŸãã
åããŒãã§ã2ã€ã®å€ãä¿åããŸããçŸåšã®ããŒãã®å€ãšããã®ããŒããå®è¡ããåæ°ã§ãã ãããŠããããã®4ã€ã®ã¹ãããã®ãµã€ã¯ã«ãäœåºŠãç¹°ãè¿ããŸãã
æåã®ã¹ãããã§åããŒããéžæããã«ã¯ã©ãããã°ããã§ããïŒ
æãåçŽãªããŒãžã§ã³ã§ã¯ãæé«ã®ä¿¡é ŒéçïŒUCBïŒãæã€ããŒãã䜿çšããŸãã
ããã§ã vã¯ããŒãã®å€ã nã¯ãã®ããŒãã«ããåæ°ã Nã¯èŠªããŒãã«ããåæ°ã Cã¯åãªãèŠå ã§ãã
ããã»ã©åçŽã§ã¯ãªãããŒãžã§ã³ã§ã¯ãããæ£ç¢ºãªçµæãåŸãããã«æ°åŒãè€éã«ãããããã¥ãŒã©ã«ãããã¯ãŒã¯ãªã©ä»ã®ãã¥ãŒãªã¹ãã£ãã¯ã䜿çšãããããããšãã§ããŸãã ãã®ã¢ãããŒãã«ã€ããŠã説æããŸãã
å°ãåºãèŠããšãå€å žçãªå€è ãã³ãã£ããåé¡ããããŸãã ã¿ã¹ã¯ã¯ãå©çšå¯èœãªæè¯ã®ãªãã·ã§ã³ã®äœ¿çšãšæ°ããæ©äŒã®æ¢çŽ¢ãšã®æé©ãªãã©ã³ã¹ãæäŸãããããªããŒãéžææ©èœãèŠã€ããããšã§ãã
ãªãæ©èœããã®ã§ããïŒ
MCTSã䜿çšãããšã決å®ããªãŒãé察称ã«æé·ãããããé¢å¿ã®ããããŒããããé »ç¹ã«ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãããé¢å¿ã®äœãããŒããããé »ç¹ã«ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãããªããªããããªãŒå šäœãå ¬éããã«åäžã®ããŒããè©äŸ¡ã§ããããã«ãªããŸãã
ããã¯AlphaGoãšé¢ä¿ããããŸããïŒ
äžè¬ã«ãAlphaGoã¯åãååã«åºã¥ããŠããŸãã äž»ãªéãã¯ã第2段éã§æ°ããããŒããè¿œå ãããšãã§ããæ°ããããŒããè¿œå ãããšãã¯ãããŒã«ã¢ãŠãã®ä»£ããã«ãã¥ãŒã©ã«ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã䜿çšããŸãã ã©ããã£ãŠããã®ïŒ
ïŒåã®ããŒãžã§ã³ã®AlphaGoã«ã€ããŠç°¡åã«èª¬æããŸãããå®éã«ã¯ååãªèå³æ·±ããã¥ã¢ã³ã¹ããããŸãã詳现ãå¿ èŠãªå Žåã¯ããããªã®åé ã®ãŠã§ã«ã«ã ãã芧ãã ããã
ãŸãã2ã€ã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯ããã¬ãŒãã³ã°ããŸããåãããã¯ãŒã¯ã¯ãããŒãã®ç¶æ ãå ¥åãšããŠåãåãããã®ç¶æ³ã§äººãã©ã®ãããªåãããããã瀺ããŸãã ãªã2ã€ïŒ 1ã€ã¯äœéã§ãããããŸãæ©èœãïŒæ£ããäºæž¬ã®57ïŒ ãããã³è¿œå ã®åããŒã»ã³ããŒãžã¯æçµçµæã«éåžžã«å å®ãªããŒãã¹ãäžããïŒã2çªç®ã®ç²ŸåºŠã¯ã¯ããã«äœããªããŸãããé«éã§ãã
ãããã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã¯ãäœéã§ãé«éã§ãã人éã®åãã§ãã¬ãŒãã³ã°ããŸããç°¡åã«goãµãŒããŒã«ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ããé©åãªã¬ãã«ã®ãã¬ã€ã€ãŒãå€æ°éžã³ããã¬ãŒãã³ã°ã®ããã«ããŒã·ã ãšãã£ãŒããè¡ããŸãã
第äºã«ãç§ãã¡ã¯ã人ã«ãèšç·Žããããããã®2ã€ã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯ãå©çšãã圌ããšäžç·ã«éãã§ãããããã³ãã³ã°ãå§ããŸãã
ãã®ãããªãã®ã
第äžã«ãããŒãã®çŸåšã®ç¶æ ãå ¥åãšããŠåãåããããã«å¿ããŠ-1ãã1ã®æ°åãäžããããªã¥ãŒãããã¯ãŒã¯ããã¬ãŒãã³ã°ããŸããããã¯ãã²ãŒã ã®ããæç¹ã§ãã®äœçœ®ã«ããåã¡ã®ç¢ºçã§ãã
ãããã£ãŠãã©ãã«è¡ããïŒã¹ããã2ããïŒã瀺ã1ã€ã®äœéã§æ£ç¢ºãªé¢æ°ãããŸãè¯ããªãïŒã¹ããã2ããïŒãåãããšãè¡ã1ã€ã®é«éé¢æ°ãããã³3çªç®ã®é¢æ°ããŒããèŠãŠããã®ç¶æ³ã§èªåèªèº«ãèŠã€ãããè² ãããåã€ããèšããŸãïŒã¹ããã3ããïŒã ããã§ãMCTSã§åçããæåã®ããŒãã䜿çšããŠçŸåšã®ããŒããããããããå¿ èŠãããããŒãã確èªãã2çªç®ã®ããŒãã䜿çšããŠçŸåšã®äœçœ®ããããŒã«ã¢ãŠããéåžžã«ãã°ããåºæ¿ãã3çªç®ã®ããŒãã䜿çšããŠããŒããã©ã®çšåºŠè¯å¥œããçŽæ¥è©äŸ¡ããŸãçªã£èŸŒãã ã æçµçãªå€ã«ã€ããŠã¯ã2çªç®ãš3çªç®ã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã«ãã£ãŠè¿ãããå€ã¯åçŽã«å ç®ãããŸãã ãã®çµæãåå²ä¿æ°ãå€§å¹ ã«åæžããããŒããè©äŸ¡ããããã«ããªãŒãç»ãããšã¯ã§ããŸããïŒãããŠãç»ã£ãå Žåãè¿ éãã€è¿ éã«ïŒã
ãããŠãããã¯ãã¥ãŒã©ã«ãããã¯ãŒã¯ãªãã®ãªãã·ã§ã³ãããã¯ããã«çŽæ¥æ©èœããŸããïŒ
ã¯ããçªç¶ããã§ååã§ãã
2015幎10æãAlphaGoã¯ãšãŒãããã§3ååªåããFan Huiãšå¯ŸæŠããã¹ã³ã¢5ïŒ0ã§åœŒãç ŽããŸããã ã€ãã³ãã¯ãäžæ¹ã§ã¯å€§ããªãã®ã§ãããªããªããã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒãåããŠå¯Ÿçãªç«å Žã§ããã«åã£ãããã§ããä»æ¹ã§ã¯ãããã§ã¯ãããŸããã ïŒ9ã€ã®å¯èœæ§ã®ãã¡ïŒã ãã®è©Šåã§ãã¬ãŒããAlphaGoã®ããŒãžã§ã³ã¯ãå éšåAlphaGo FanãåãåããŸããã
ãããã2016幎3æãAlphaGoã®æ°ããããŒãžã§ã³ã¯ãäžçã§æãåªãããã¬ãŒã€ãŒã®1人ã§ãããªãŒã»ã»ãã«ãš5ã²ãŒã ããã¬ã€ããã¹ã³ã¢4ïŒ1ã§åå©ããŸãã é¢çœãã®ã¯ãã¡ãã£ã¢ã§ã®è©Šåã®çŽåŸããªãŒã»ã»ãã«ã¯AIã倱ã£ãæåã®ããããã¬ã€ã€ãŒãšããŠæ±ããå§ããŸããããæéã¯ãã®å Žæã«ãã¹ãŠã眮ããä»æ¥ã»ãã«ã¯ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒãæã¡è² ããæåŸã®äººã®ãŸãŸã§ãïŒãããŠããããæ°žé ã«æ®ãã§ãããïŒã ããããç§ã¯èªåèªèº«ã«å ãããŠããŸãã ãã®ããŒãžã§ã³ã®AlphaGoã¯ãåŸã«AlphaGo Leeãšæå®ãããŸããã
ãããã£ãããªãŒãã§ããªãã
ãã®åŸã2016幎ã®çµãããã2017幎ã®åãã«ãAlphaGoïŒAlphaGo MasterïŒã®æ¬¡ã®ããŒãžã§ã³ã¯ãäžçã©ã³ãã³ã°ã®äžäœã®ãã¬ã€ã€ãŒãšãªã³ã©ã€ã³ã§60è©Šåãè¡ããåèšã¹ã³ã¢60ïŒ0ã§åã¡ãŸãã 5æãAlphaGo Masterã¯Ke Jieã®äžçã©ã³ãã³ã°ã®ããã1ã§ãã¬ãŒãã3-0ã§ã¢ãŠãããã©ãŒã ããŸããã å®éããã¹ãŠã人éãšã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒã®å¯Ÿæ±ºã¯å®äºããŠããŸãã
ELOã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã GnuGoãPachiãããã³CrazyStoneã¯ããã¥ãŒã©ã«ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã䜿çšããã«äœæããããããã§ãã
ãããã圌ãã¯çãç Žã£ãã®ã«ããªã圌ãã¯å¥ã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯ãå¿ èŠãšããã®ã§ããïŒ
èŠããã«-çŸããã®ããã«ã ã³ãã¥ããã£ã«ã¯ãAlphaGoã«é¢ãã3ã€ã®æ¯èŒç倧ããªäž»åŒµããããŸããã
1ïŒãã¬ãŒãã³ã°ãéå§ããã«ã¯ã人ã ã®ã²ãŒã ã䜿çšãããŸãã 人éã®ç¥èœããªããã°ã人工ç¥èœã¯æ©èœããŸããã
2ïŒå€ãã®èšèšãããæ©èœã ç§ã¯ãã®ç¬éãæ¹ããŠçç¥ããŸãããããããªãšAlphaGo Leeã«é¢ããæçš¿ã§ã¯ååãªæ³šæãæãããŠããŸãã䜿çšãããäž¡æ¹ã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã¯ã人ã ãçºæããããªãã®éã®æ©èœãåãåããŸãã ãããã®æ©èœã¯ãããèªäœã§ã¯æ°ããæ å ±ãäŒéãããããŒãäžã®ç³ã®äœçœ®ã«åºã¥ããŠèšç®ã§ããŸããããããã¯ãŒã¯ãããããªãã§ã¯å¯ŸåŠã§ããŸããã ããšãã°ãç¶æ èªäœã«å ããŠã次ã®ç§»åã決å®ãããããã¯ãŒã¯ã¯æ¬¡ãåãåããŸãã
- 1ã€ãŸãã¯å¥ã®ç³ãäœååã«ã»ããããããã
- ãã®ç³ã®åšãã«ããã€ã®ããªãŒãã€ã³ãããããã
- ç¹å®ã®å°ç¹ã«è¡ããšãããã€ã®ç³ãå¯ä»ããŸããã
- ãã®ç§»åããŸã£ããåæ³ãã©ãããã€ãŸãgoã®ã«ãŒã«ã§èš±å¯ãããŠãããã©ããã
- ãã®æç¹ã§çœ®ãããç³ããããããé段ãã®å»ºç©ã«åå ãããã©ããã
ãªã©-åèš48å±€ã®æ å ±ã åå©ã®å¯èœæ§ãäºæž¬ãããé«éããããã¯ãŒã¯ã¯ã10äžä»¥äžã®æºåããããã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãŒã®å ¥åã«å®å šã«æ»ããŸãã ã¢ãã«ã¯ãã²ãŒã èªäœããã¬ã€ããã®ã§ã¯ãªããå€æ°ã®ããããã£ãåããéåžžã«ããæºåãããç°å¢ã§çµæã衚瀺ããããšãåŠç¿ãããã®ããšã«ã€ããŠå床説æããŸãã
3ïŒãã¹ãŠãéå§ããã«ã¯å¥å šãªã¯ã©ã¹ã¿ãŒãå¿ èŠã§ãã
ãããŠã»ãã®1ãæåãDeepmindã¯ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã®æ°ããããŒãžã§ã³ã§ããAlphaGo Zeroãå°å ¥ããŸããããããã®åé¡ã¯ãã¹ãŠæé€ãããŸãããã¢ãã«ã¯æåããåŠç¿ããããèªäœã§éãã§ããã¥ãŒã©ã«ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã®ã©ã³ãã ãªéã¿ãéå§ãšããŠäœ¿çšããŸãã ããŒãäžã®ç³ã®äœçœ®ã®ã¿ã䜿çšããŠæ±ºå®ãäžããŸãã ããŒããŠã§ã¢èŠä»¶ã®ç¹ã§ã¯ããã«ç°¡åã§ãã 楜ããããŒãã¹ã§ã圌女ã¯AlphaGo Leeã100ã²ãŒã ã®å¯Ÿæ±ºã§åããåèšã¹ã³ã¢ã¯100ïŒ0ã§ãã
ããã§ãããã®ããã«äœãããªããã°ãªããŸããã§ãããïŒ
2ã€ã®å€§ããªããšã
ãŸãã以åã®ããŒãžã§ã³ã®AlphaGoã®2ã€ã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã1ã€ã«çµåããŸãã å°æ°ã®æ©èœãåããããŒãã®ç¶æ ãåãåãïŒå°ãåŸã§èª¬æããŸãïŒãããããã¹ãŠããã®ã¬ã€ã€ãŒã§å®è¡ããæåŸã«åºåã®2ã€ã2ã€ã®çµæãåºããŸãïŒããªã·ãŒåºåã¯ãååããã©ãã»ã©å¯èœæ§ããããã瀺ã19x19é åãäžããŸããã®äœçœ®ããããããŠå€ã¯1ã€ã®æ°åãäžããŸã-åã³ãã®äœçœ®ããã²ãŒã ã«åã€ç¢ºçã
次ã«ãRLã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã èªäœãå€æŽããŸãã 以åMCTSãã²ãŒã äžã«ã®ã¿çŽæ¥äœ¿çšãããŠããå Žåããã¬ãŒãã³ã°äžã«ããã«äœ¿çšãããŸãã ã©ã®ããã«æ©èœããŸããïŒ
ç¶æ ããªãŒã®åããŒãã«ã¯ã N ïŒãã®ããŒãã«æ²¿ã£ãŠæ©ããåæ°ïŒã V ïŒãã®ããŒãã®å€ïŒã Q ïŒãã®ããŒãã®ãã¹ãŠã®åããŒãã®å¹³åå€ïŒã P ïŒãã¹ãŠã®ããŒãã®ãã¡ãã®ç§»åãèš±å¯ããã確çïŒã®4ã€ã®å€ãæ ŒçŽãããŸããããéžæããŸãïŒã ãããã¯ãŒã¯ãããèªäœã§åçããå Žåãåã¿ãŒã³äžã«æ¬¡ã®ã·ãã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ãè¡ããŸãã
- çŸåšã®ããŒããã«ãŒããšããããªãŒãååŸããŸãã
- ããå€ãã®Q + UãããåšããŒãã«ç§»åããŸãïŒ Uã¯æ°ããæ¹æ³ã®æ€çŽ¢ãåºæ¿ããå ç®åšã§ãããã¬ãŒãã³ã°ã®éå§æã§ãããå°æ¥ã¯æžå°ããŸãïŒã
- ãã®ãããªç°¡åãªæ¹æ³ã§ãããªãŒã®æåŸã«å°éããŸããã€ãŸããåãããªãç¶æ ã§ãããã²ãŒã ã¯ãŸã çµãã£ãŠããŸããã
- ãã®ç¶æ ããã¥ãŒã©ã«ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã®å ¥åã«éä¿¡ããããã«å¿ããŠv ïŒçŸåšã®ããŒãã®å€ïŒããã³p ïŒæ¬¡ã®ç§»åã®ç¢ºçïŒãåãåããŸãã
- vãããŒãã«æžã蟌ã¿ãŸãã
- pããã³ãŒãN ã V ãããã³Qã«åŸã£ãŠPãæã€åããŒããäœæããŸãã
- 次ã®ããã«ãã·ãã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³äžã«éžæãããé»æµããäžã®ãã¹ãŠã®ããŒããæŽæ°ããŸããNïŒ= N + 1; VïŒ= V + v; QïŒ= V / N
- ãµã€ã¯ã«ã1ã7å1600åç¹°ãè¿ããŸãã
å®è·µã§ã¯ããã®ãããªã·ãã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã¯åºæ¬çãªãã¥ãŒã©ã«ãããã¯ãŒã¯ãããã¯ããã«åŒ·åãªäºæž¬ãçæããããšã瀺ããŠããŸãã
ãããŠããããã¯ãŒã¯ãå®éã«è¡ã移åã¯ã次ã®2ã€ã®æ¹æ³ã®ããããã§éžæãããŸãã
-ãããå®éã®ã²ãŒã ã§ããå Žåã¯ã Nãè¶ ããå Žæã«ç§»åããŸãïŒãã®ãããªã¡ããªãã¯ãæãä¿¡é Œã§ããããšãå€æããŸããïŒã
-ãã¬ãŒãã³ã°ã ãã®å ŽåãååžPiãN ^ïŒ1 / TïŒãã移åãéžæããŸããããã§ã Tã¯ç 究ãšå¹çã®ãã©ã³ã¹ãå¶åŸ¡ããããã®æž©åºŠã§ãã
ããªã·ãŒãšäŸ¡å€ã®äž¡æ¹ã1ã€ã®å ±éãããã¯ãŒã¯ã«ãã£ãŠäºæž¬ããããšããäºå®ã«ãããããããã¹ãŠãéåžžã«å¹ççã«å®è¡ã§ããŸãã ããçš®ã®ããŒãã«ãªã£ãŠããã®ããŒãããããã¯ãŒã¯ã«éä¿¡ããçµæVãååŸãããã¹ãŠã®PãåããŒãã®åæéã¿ãšããŠèšæ¶ããããã¹ãŠããããã¯ãŒã¯ã¯äœåºŠããã®ããŒãã«äœ¿çšãããŸããè¡ã£ãããäºæž¬ãããçµæããã§ã«ããªãæ£ç¢ºã§ããããšãèæ ®ããŠãããŒã«ã¢ãŠããéå§ããŸããã çŸäºº
ããªã·ãŒãšäŸ¡å€ã®äž¡æ¹ãäºæž¬ãããããã¯ãŒã¯ããã¬ãŒãã³ã°ããæ¹æ³ã¯ïŒ
å šäœããã®ãããªæ倱ã䜿çšããŠèšç·ŽãããŠããŸãïŒ
ããã¯äœã§ãããããªã¢ã¢ïŒ
æ°åŒã¯3ã€ã®éšåã§æ§æãããŠããŸãã
æåã®éšåã§ã¯ããããã¯ãŒã¯ã¯çµæãäºæž¬ã§ããå¿ èŠããããŸããã€ãŸãã z ïŒããŒãã£ã®æçµçãªæ¹æ³ïŒã¯v ïŒäºæž¬ããå€ïŒãšç°ãªãã¹ãã§ã¯ãããŸããã
2çªç®ã®éšåã§ã¯ãæ¹åããã確çãããªã·ãŒã®ã©ãã«ãšããŠäœ¿çšããŸãã æåž«ããåŠç¿ã®å ±é ¬ã®ãããªãã®ã§ããããªãŒãééãããšãã«åŸããã確çãã§ããã ãæ£ç¢ºã«äºæž¬ãããã®ã§ãã ã¯ãã¹ãšã³ããããŒæ倱ã«éåžžã«äŒŒãŠããŸãã
3çªç®ã®éšåã§ããåŒã®æåŸã®cã¯ãåãªãæ£ååæ©èœã§ãã
ããã°ããŒãã«ã«ã¯ãéã¿Aãæã€ãæé©ãªããããã¯ãŒã¯ããããŸãã ãã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯Aã¯ãããèªäœã§25,000åãã¬ã€ãïŒæ°ããããŒããè©äŸ¡ããããã«ç¬èªã®éã¿ãæã€MCTSã䜿çšïŒãå移åããšã«ç¶æ èªäœãPiã®ååžãããã³ã²ãŒã ã®çµäºæ¹æ³ïŒåå©ã®å Žåã¯+1ãæåã®å Žåã¯-1ïŒãä¿åããŸãã 次ã«ãæåŸã®500,000ã²ãŒã ã®2048åã®ã©ã³ãã ãªäœçœ®ããããããæºåãã1,000åã®ãããããã¬ãŒãã³ã°çšã«å²ãåœãŠãéã¿Bã®æ°ãããããã¯ãŒã¯ãååŸããŸãããã®åŸããããã¯ãŒã¯Aã¯ãããã¯ãŒã¯B㧠400ã²ãŒã ããã¬ã€ããŸããæ°ããããŒããè©äŸ¡ãããšãã Aã¯æããã«ãã®éã¿ã䜿çšãã Bã¯ç¬èªã®éã¿ã䜿çšããŸãã ã±ãŒã¹ã®55ïŒ ä»¥äžã§Bãåã£ãå Žåã Bãæé«ã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã«ãªããããã§ãªãå Žåããã£ã³ããªã³ã¯å€ãããŸããã å®äºãããŸã§ç¹°ãè¿ããŸãã
ãããŠãããªãã¯ãŸã å ¥ãå£ã§æäŸãããæ©èœã«ã€ããŠè©±ãããšãçŽæããŸããã
ãããããã ã£ãã ãããã£ãŠãå ¥åãã£ãŒã«ãã¯19x19ã§ãããåãã¯ã»ã«ã«ã¯17åã®ãã£ãã«ãããããã19x19x17ã«ãªããŸãã 次ã¯17å±€ãå¿ èŠã§ãã
æåã®1ã€ã¯ãããªãã®ç³ããã®æç¹ã«ãããã©ããïŒ1-ã¹ã¿ã³ãã0-ãªãïŒããããŠæ¬¡ã®7ã€-åã®7ã€ã®åãã®ããããã«åœŒããããã©ããã瀺ããŸãã
ãªããããå¿
èŠã§ãã
å®éã®ãšãããå²goã®ç¹°ãè¿ãã¯çŠæ¢ãããŠããŸã-å Žåã«ãã£ãŠã¯ããã§ã«ç«ã£ãŠããå Žæã«ç³ã眮ãããšã¯ã§ããŸããã çµµãšããŠïŒ
çç±ã¯ããããŸããããHabrã¯ãã®gifã®åçãæåŠããããšããããŸãã ãããçºçããã¢ãã¡ãŒã·ã§ã³ã衚瀺ãããªãå Žåã¯ãã¯ãªãã¯ããŠãã ããã
çœã¯ãã€ã³ãaã«ç§»åããé»ãç³ãåããŸãã é»ã¯ãã€ã³ãbã«ç§»åããçœãç³ãåããŸãã ç¹°ãè¿ããçŠæ¢ããããšãªãã察æŠçžæã¯åº§ã£ãŠãã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹a - bãç¡éã«ãã¬ã€ã§ããŸãã å®éã«ã¯ãçœã¯ããã«äœçœ®aã«æ»ãããšã¯ã§ãããå¥ã®åããéžæããå¿ èŠããããŸãïŒãã ããä»ã®åãã®åŸãäœçœ®aãžã®ç§»åã¯èš±å¯ãããŠããŸãïŒã ãããã¯ãŒã¯ããã®ã«ãŒã«ãåŠç¿ã§ããããã«ããããã«ã圌ãã¯ã¹ããŒãªãŒãéä¿¡ããŸãã 2çªç®ã®çç±ã¯ã redditã®AMAã§ãéçºè ã¯ããããã¯ãŒã¯ãæè¿ã¢ã¯ãã£ããã£ããã£ãå ŽæãèŠããšãããè¯ãåŠç¿ã§ãããšèšã£ãããã§ãã èããŠã¿ããšãããã¯å°ã泚æã«äŒŒãŠããŸãã
çç±ã¯ããããŸããããHabrã¯ãã®gifã®åçãæåŠããããšããããŸãã ãããçºçããã¢ãã¡ãŒã·ã§ã³ã衚瀺ãããªãå Žåã¯ãã¯ãªãã¯ããŠãã ããã
çœã¯ãã€ã³ãaã«ç§»åããé»ãç³ãåããŸãã é»ã¯ãã€ã³ãbã«ç§»åããçœãç³ãåããŸãã ç¹°ãè¿ããçŠæ¢ããããšãªãã察æŠçžæã¯åº§ã£ãŠãã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹a - bãç¡éã«ãã¬ã€ã§ããŸãã å®éã«ã¯ãçœã¯ããã«äœçœ®aã«æ»ãããšã¯ã§ãããå¥ã®åããéžæããå¿ èŠããããŸãïŒãã ããä»ã®åãã®åŸãäœçœ®aãžã®ç§»åã¯èš±å¯ãããŠããŸãïŒã ãããã¯ãŒã¯ããã®ã«ãŒã«ãåŠç¿ã§ããããã«ããããã«ã圌ãã¯ã¹ããŒãªãŒãéä¿¡ããŸãã 2çªç®ã®çç±ã¯ã redditã®AMAã§ãéçºè ã¯ããããã¯ãŒã¯ãæè¿ã¢ã¯ãã£ããã£ããã£ãå ŽæãèŠããšãããè¯ãåŠç¿ã§ãããšèšã£ãããã§ãã èããŠã¿ããšãããã¯å°ã泚æã«äŒŒãŠããŸãã
次ã®8ã€ã®ã¬ã€ã€ãŒã¯åãã§ãããçžæã®ç³çšã§ãã
æåŸã®17çªç®ã®ã¬ã€ã€ãŒã«ã¯ãé»ããã¬ã€ãããšãŠããããè©°ãŸããçœããã¬ã€ãããšãŒãã«ãªããŸãã ãããå¿ èŠãªã®ã¯ãæçµçãªåŸç¹ã§ã¯ããã¯ã€ãã2äœã«ãªã£ãããã«ããããªããŒãã¹ãåŸãããã§ãã
å®éã®ãšããããããã¯ãŒã¯ã¯ããŒãã®ç¶æ ã®ã¿ãå®éã«èŠãããšãã§ããŸãããã©ã®è²ã®ç³ããã¬ã€ãããã«é¢ããæ å ±ãš8ã€ã®åãã®å±¥æŽããããŸãã
建ç¯ã¯ã©ãã§ããïŒ
ç³ã¿èŸŒã¿å±€ã次ã«40ã®æ®ãã®å±€ãæåŸã«2ã€ã®åºåããããŸã-ããªã¥ãŒããããšããªã·ãŒãããã ç§ã¯ããã«ã€ããŠè©³ãã説æãããã¯ãããŸããã誰ã«ãšã£ãŠéèŠãªã®ã§ãã-圌ã¯èªåã§ãããèŠãã§ãããããæ®ãã®ãã¹ãŠã®å ·äœçãªå±€ã¯ã»ãšãã©é¢çœããããŸããã èŠçŽãããšãLeeããŒãžã§ã³ãšæ¯èŒããŠããããã¯ãŒã¯ã倧ãããªãããããæ£èŠåãè¿œå ãããæ¥ç¶ãæ®ã£ãŠããŸãã é©æ°ã¯éåžžã«æšæºçã§ãéåžžã«äž»æµã§ãããããã«ã¯ç¬ç«ãããã±ããç§åŠã¯ãããŸããã
ãããŠããã¹ãŠãããããã§ããïŒ
ãããŠããã®ãã¹ãŠããã®ãããªçµæã«ã€ãªãããŸããã
3æ¥éãAlphaGo Zeroã¯21-ãã¹ã¿ãŒã®ããã«ãªãŒã®ããŒãžã§ã³ãæã€ããšãåŠã³ãããããå®å®ã«å ¥ããŸãã 40æ¥éã®ãã¬ãŒãã³ã°ã®åŸã圌女ã¯100ïŒ0ã®ã¹ã³ã¢ã§ãªãŒããŒãžã§ã³ãã89ïŒ11ã®ã¹ã³ã¢ã§ãã¹ã¿ãŒããŒãžã§ã³ãç ŽããŸããã ãã®èŠ³ç¹ãããMasterãšZeroã¯åããã¬ãŒãã³ã°ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ãåãã¢ãŒããã¯ãã£ãæã¡ãå ¥åã«äŸçµŠãããæ©èœã«ãã¹ãŠã®éãããããZeroã¯äººã®ã²ãŒã ã§ãã¬ãŒãã³ã°ããªãããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ããã ãããŠåã¡ãŸãã
ã€ãŸãããã¹ãŠãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒã¯ããã¹ããŒãã§ã人é¡ã«ã¯ãã£ã³ã¹ããããŸãããïŒ
å€åºäž-ã¯ããç§ãã¡ã¯å ¬åŒã«perã«ããããã§ãã äžè¬çã«ããããã Goã«ã¯ãçŸåšã®æè²æ¹æ³ã«äžå¯æ¬ ãªããã€ãã®æ©èœããããŸãã
- çæ³çã§ã·ã³ãã«ãªã·ãã¥ã¬ãŒã¿ãŒãååšãããåžžã«æ£ç¢ºã«å®çŸ©ãããç°å¢ã äºæ ãå€éšããã®ä»å ¥ã¯ãããŸããã
- Goã¯å®å šãªæ å ±ãåããã²ãŒã ã§ãã åã®æ®µèœãšå°ã䌌ãŠããŸãããããã§ããªããçºçããããšã¯ãã¹ãŠããã£ãŠããŸãã
ãããã®ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã«ãã£ãŠå³ããå¶éãããç°å¢ã§ã¯ã人éãã¯ããã«è¶ ããæå¹æ§ãæã€ã·ã¹ãã ãæ§ç¯ããããšãåŠã³ãŸããã ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãå°ãè¶ ããå¿ èŠãããããã¹ãŠãããè€éã«ãªããŸãã Andrej Karpathyã®æçš¿ã§è©³çŽ°ãèªãããšãã§ããŸãã
ãããŠã次ã®ç Šã¯äœã§ããïŒ
ã²ãŒã ã§-StarcraftãšDotAã åæ¹åã§ã¯ãã¢ã¯ãã£ããªäœæ¥ãé²è¡äžã§ããããããŸã§ã®ãšãããåçã®èŠæš¡ã®çªç Žå£ã¯ãããŸããã åŸ ã£ãŠããŸãã
ãã㌠å°ãããããããããã§ãã ãããã¯ã§ä»ã«äœãèŠãããšãã§ããŸããïŒ
ãŸãããã®æçš¿ã®åé ã«ãããããªãã芧ãã ãããããã¯ã¯ãŒã«ã§ãã¹ãããããå€ãã®è³ªåãã«ããŒããŠããŸãã
次ã«ã AlphaGo Leeã«é¢ããSemyonã®æçš¿ãèªãã§ãã ããã
第äžã«ãclosedcircles.comã®#dataãã£ã³ãã«ã«ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ããŠãã ãããããã§ãã¹ãŠãç©æ¥µçã«è°è«ããŠããŸãã
第4ã«ãAGZã«ã€ããŠä»èšã£ãããšããã¹ãŠ1ã€ã®åçã«åããããŠããŸãã
ãã
ãã®æçš¿ã¯ãå ã®è«æã®æåŸã®æ®µèœã§çµãããŸãã
人é¡ã¯ãæ°å幎ã«ããã£ãŠãã¬ã€ãããäœçŸäžãã®ã²ãŒã ããå²Goã®ç¥èãèç©ãããããããŸãšããŠãã¿ãŒã³ãããšãããæ¬ã«èžçããŸããã Tabula rasaãå§ããæ°æ¥éã®ã¹ããŒã¹ã§ãAlphaGo Zeroã¯ãã®Goã®ç¥èã®å€ããåçºèŠããããšãã§ããŸããããŸããæãå€ãã²ãŒã ãžã®æ°ããæŽå¯ãæäŸããæ¬æ°ãªæŠç¥ããããŸããã
èããŠã¿ãŠãã ããã
ãã®å Žæã«ã¹ã¯ããŒã«ããå¿èãæã£ãŠãããã¹ãŠã®äººã«æè¬ããŸãã sim0nsaysã®ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã«ã³ã³ãã³ããšã³ã¡ã³ãã«æè¬ããæ ¡æ£ã«ååããŠãããburiyã«æè¬ããŸãã