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å®éã®æž¬å®å€ãå«ãæ å ±ã亀æããåã«ãããããé¢é£ä»ãã確ç«ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã ãã®æäœã¯ã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ãã«ãã£ãŠéå§ãããŸãã ã¢ãœã·ãšãŒã·ã§ã³ã確ç«ãããåŸãDLMSã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ãã¯ãµãŒããŒã«ããã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ãªããžã§ã¯ãã¢ãã«ã«ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ã§ããŸãã DLMSãµãŒããŒã¯ã確ç«ããããšãæ瀺çãªèŠæ±ãªãã§ã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ãã«éç¥ãéä¿¡ã§ããŸãã
DLMS / COSEMã¯ãã¯ããã¯åæãšæž¬å®ãããã¡ã€ã«ã®è»¢éããµããŒãããŠããŸãã ãããŸã§ã[5]ããã³[6]ã§èª¬æãããŠããDLMS / COSEMã¯ã枬å®ããŒã¿ãšãšãã«ããžã¿ã«çœ²åã®éä¿¡ããµããŒãããŠãããããã¡ãŒã ãŠã§ã¢ã®æ°ããããŒãžã§ã³ã®ããŠã³ããŒãããµããŒãããŠããŸããã ãã ãããã®æ©èœã¯å°æ¥ãµããŒããããäºå®ã§ãã çŸåšã第10çã®ãã«ãŒããã¯ã«èšèŒãããŠãããã¡ãŒã ãŠã§ã¢ã®æŽæ°æäœã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãããããŸãã ããžã¿ã«çœ²åã®ãµããŒãã¯äœæ¥äžã§ããããã¯DLMS UAã«ãã£ãŠè¡ãããŸãã
DLMS / COSEMã«ã¯ã察称æå·åã«åºã¥ãèªèšŒããã³ãã©ã€ãã·ãŒãµãŒãã¹ãå«ãŸããŠããŸãã ãã ãããã®ãããã³ã«ã¯TLS / SSLããµããŒãããŠããªããããé察称ããŒã䜿çšããŠäžèšã®ãµãŒãã¹ãå®è£ ã§ããŸãã é察称æå·åã®ãµããŒãã¯éçºäžã§ããCENELECã®ç¬¬13æè¡å§å¡äŒã®ç¬¬2ã¯ãŒãã³ã°ã°ã«ãŒããããã«åãçµãã§ããŸãã
C. IEC 61850
IEC 61850ã®MMSããã³SOAPãããã³ã°ã¯ããã®ããŒããŒã§æ€èšãããŠããå質åºæºã®ãµããŒãã«é¢ããŠéãã¯ãããŸããã ãããã£ãŠãäžèšã®ãã¹ãŠãäž¡æ¹ã®ãããã³ã«ã«åœãŠã¯ãŸããŸãã
IEC 61850ã¯ãå€é»æã®èªååã§äœ¿çšããããã«ç¹å¥ã«èšèšãããæšæºã®ã°ã«ãŒãã§ãã ä»æ¥ãŸã§ããã®æšæºã¯æ°Žåçºé»ç®¡ç[17]ã颚åã¿ãŒãã³[18]ãããã³ãã®ä»ã®åæ£åãšãã«ã®ãŒè³æº[19]ã察象ã«æ¡å€§ãããŠããŸãã [19]ã§ã¯ãDLMS / COSEMããã³ANSI C12.19æšæºã¯ãåæ¥äŒèšã«äœ¿çšãããæšæºãšåŒã°ããŠããŸãã IEC 61850ã¯ãåæ¥äŒèšã®èŠä»¶ããªãå Žåã«é©çšãããŸãã åæ¥äŒèšãšä»ã®çš®é¡ã®äŒèšã®ãã®åºå¥ã¯ãæè¡çãšãããããæ¿æ²»çãªãã®ã®ããã§ãã åæ¥äŒèšã®ãããã³ã«ãšããŠIEC 61850ã䜿çšããªãæè¡çãªçç±ã¯ãªãããã
IEC 61850ã¯ãDLMS / COSEMãšåãã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ã/ãµãŒããŒã¢ãŒããã¯ãã£ã®ååã«åºã¥ããŠåäœããŸãã ãµãŒããŒã«ã¯ãæšæºåããããµãŒãã¹ããã¢ã¯ã»ã¹å¯èœãªã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ãªããžã§ã¯ãã¢ãã«ãå«ãŸããŠããŸãã ãããã®ãµãŒãã¹ãã©ã®çšåºŠæ£ç¢ºã«è»¢éããããã¯ã䜿çšããããã£ã¹ãã¬ã€ïŒMMSãSOAPãªã©ïŒã«ãã£ãŠç°ãªããŸãã
IEC 61850ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ãªããžã§ã¯ãã¢ãã«ã¯ãèªç±ã«æ§æå¯èœãªããžãã¯ããã€ã¹ïŒLDïŒã§æ§æãããŠããŸãã è«çããã€ã¹ã¯ã1ã€ä»¥äžã®è«çããŒãïŒLNïŒã§æ§æãããŸãã IEC 61850-7-4ã¯ã枬å®ã®ããã«ãMMRTè«çããŒããå®çŸ©ããŸãã ãããã®è«çããŒãã¯ããã®ã³ã°ãµãŒãã¹ãã¬ããŒããµãŒãã¹ãšãšãã«ãè² è·ãããã¡ã€ã«ã®è»¢éã«äœ¿çšã§ããŸãã ããžã¿ã«çœ²åã¯è«çããŒãã®äžéšã§ã¯ãªãããããµããŒããããŠããŸããã ãã¡ãŒã ãŠã§ã¢æŽæ°ã¡ã«ããºã ããã®æšæºã§ã¯ãµããŒããããŠããŸããã MMSãšSOAPã®äž¡æ¹ã®ãããã³ã°ã¯ãSNTPãããã³ã«ã䜿çšããŠæå»ãåæããŸãã
MMSãããã³ã°ã䜿çšãããšããµãŒããŒã¯IEC 61850ã¬ããŒããšã³ãžã³ãä»ããŠæ瀺çãªèŠæ±ãªãã«ããŒã¿ãéä¿¡ã§ãããããã¢ãœã·ãšãŒã·ã§ã³ããããã£ãŠãªãŒãã³TCPãœã±ããæ¥ç¶ã¯ã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ãã«ãã£ãŠäºåã«éå§ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã SOAPãããã³ã°ã¯ãã¢ã¯ãã£ããµãŒããŒã¬ããŒãããµããŒãããŠããŸããã
MMSãããã³ã°ãSOAPãããã³ã°ããçµã¿èŸŒã¿ã®ã»ãã¥ãªãã£ã¡ã«ããºã ãåããŠããŸããã [20]ã§æšå¥šãããŠããããã«ããã®æ©èœã¯TLS / SSLãããã³ã«ã«ä»»ãããŠããŸãã
D.æ¯èŒ
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è¡š1-SMLãDLMS / COSEMããã³IEC 61850ãããã³ã«ã®æ¯èŒ
DLMS / COSEMã¯ããã§ã«ãšãŒãããã§åºã䜿çšãããŠããåœéæšæºã§ãããšããç¹ã§ãSMLããåªããŠããŸãã å€ãã®ããŒã ããã®æšæºã«æ¬ ããŠãããªãã·ã§ã³ãè¿œå ããããã«åãçµãã§ããŸãã DLMS / COSEMãç¬èªã®ã»ãã¥ãªãã£ã¡ã«ããºã ãå®çŸ©ããŠãããšããäºå®ã¯ãå¿ ãããå©ç¹ã§ã¯ãããŸããã ã»ãã¥ãªãã£ã«é¢é£ããæ©èœã¯ã察称ããŒã«ããæå·åã®äœ¿çšã«ãã£ãŠã®ã¿å¶éãããããã ã¡ãŒã¿ãªã³ã°ããã€ã¹ã枬å®çµæãããžã¿ã«çœ²åãšçµã¿åãããå Žåãäœããã®æ¹æ³ã§é察称ããŒãå¿ èŠã«ãªããèš±å¯ãããŠããå Žåã¯SSL / TLSã«åãããŒãã¢ã䜿çšã§ããŸãã
IEC 61850ã¯ãä»ã®èŠæ Œãšæ¯èŒããŠãæ¶è²»ã®ã¹ããŒãã¡ãŒã¿ãªã³ã°ã ãã§ãªããä»ã®ã¹ããŒãã°ãªããã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã«ã䜿çšã§ããŸãã ãã ããçŸæç¹ã§ã¯ããã®ãããã³ã«ãã¹ããŒãã¡ãŒã¿ãªã³ã°ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã§ããæ©èœçã«ããããšã«ã»ãšãã©é¢å¿ããããŸããã
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- SMLã¯GetListã¡ãã»ãŒãžãå®çŸ©ããŠãç¬æã®æž¬å®å€ãååŸããŸãã èŠæ±ã¡ãã»ãŒãžã«ã¯ãèªã¿åããããã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãŒã®ååãŸãã¯ãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãŒã®ãªã¹ããå«ãŸããŠããŸãã å¿çã«ã¯ãèŠæ±ãããå€ã®ãªã¹ããå«ãŸããŸãã 2ã€ã®ã·ããªãªãåæãããŸãã
- SMLã¡ãŒã¿ãŒãŸãã¯ã²ãŒããŠã§ã€ã¯ãäžç·ã«èªã¿åããªããã°ãªããªããã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãŒã®ãªã¹ãã§äºåãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãŒåãããŠããŸãã ãããã£ãŠããªã¹ãåã«é¢é£ä»ããããŠãããã¹ãŠã®ãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãŒ/å€ãååŸããã«ã¯ããã®ãªã¹ãã®ååããµãŒããŒã«éä¿¡ããã ãã§ååã§ãã
- èšæž¬ããã€ã¹ãŸãã¯ã²ãŒããŠã§ã€ã¯äºåã«ãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãŒåãããŠããããç®çã®èªã¿åãå€ãååŸããã«ã¯æ瀺çãªèŠæ±ãå¿ èŠã§ãã
- DLMS / COSEMã¯ãå³æèªã¿åãçšã®GETãµãŒãã¹ãå®çŸ©ããŸãã Get-Requestã«ã¯ãããããCOSEMå±æ§èšè¿°åã®ãªã¹ããå«ãŸããŠããå ŽåããããŸããããã¯ãèªã¿åãå¿ èŠã®ããæ£ç¢ºãªãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãŒãäžæã«æ±ºå®ããŸãã ãã®å Žåã®çãã«ã¯ãé¢é£ããèšè¿°åãç¹°ãè¿ããã«ãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãŒå€ã®ãªã¹ããå«ãŸããŠããŸãã
- IEC 61850ã¯ãããããããŒã¿ã»ããã®ç®¡çãšã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ã®ããã®ãµãŒãã¹ãæäŸããŸãã ãããã£ãŠãä»»æã®æ°ã®ããŒã¿ãã€ã³ããå«ãããŒã¿ã»ãããåçã«äœæã§ããŸãã ãã®åŸãGetDataSetValueãµãŒãã¹ã䜿çšããŠãããŒã¿ã»ãããéåžžã«å¹ççã«ååŸã§ããŸãã
次ã«ã察å¿ããèŠæ±ãšå¿çã®ã¡ãã»ãŒãžãµã€ãºã決å®ãããŸãã ããæ£ç¢ºã«ã¯ãåŒã¯ãèŠæ±ããã枬å®å€ã®æ°ã«å¿ããŠTCP SDUïŒ ãµãŒãã¹ããŒã¿ãŠããã ïŒãµã€ãºãèšç®ããããã«æ±ºå®ãããŸãã èŠæ±ããã³å¿çã¡ãã»ãŒãžã®ããã€ãã®ãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãŒã¯å¯å€é·ã§ãã ãã®ãããé·ããæãçããã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãŒãåžžã«éžæãããŸãã ããã«ãåé¡ã®ãããã³ã«ã䜿çšãããšãååãªéã®ããŒã¿ãèŠæ±ã§ããŸãã ãããã£ãŠããããã³ã«ãæ¯èŒããããã«ã4ãã€ãã®æŽæ°åœ¢åŒã®æž¬å®å€ã®ã¯ãšãªãæ€èšããŸãã ãã±ãããµã€ãºã¯ãå®éã®éä¿¡ãããã³ã«[21]ãšãã©ãã£ãã¯ãã£ããã£ã®å®è£ ããããŸãåæã¢ãã«ã䜿çšããŠéšåçã«æ±ºå®ãããŸãã
SMLã®å ŽåãèŠæ±ããã³å¿çã¡ãã»ãŒãžã®TCP SDUãµã€ãºã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«èšç®ãããŸãã
SML Req = SML TP V 1 + OpenReq + GetListReq + CloseReq + StuffedBits
SML Res = SML TP V 1 + OpenRes + GetListRes + CloseRes + StuffedBits
SMLã¯ããŸããŸãªãšã³ã³ãŒãæ¹åŒã§äœ¿çšãããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãããå®éã«ã¯ãSMLãã€ããªãšã³ã³ãŒãã®ãã€ããªãšã³ã³ãŒãã®ã¿ã䜿çšãããŸãã 以åã«ãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãŒåãããŠããªãã£ããã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãŒã䜿çšããã·ããªãªã®å Žåããã€ããªSMLãã€ããªãšã³ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã䜿çšããŠxå€ã転éããããã®GetListReqPDUã®ãã€ãåäœã®ãµã€ãºã¯ã次ã®ããã«èšç®ã§ããŸãã
SMLãªã¯ãšã¹ã= 16 + 28 + 30x + 19 + 0
SML Res = 16 + 27 + 45x + 19 + 0
次ã®åŒã¯ããã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãäºåèšå®ãããã·ããªãªã§æå¹ã§ãã
SMLãªã¯ãšã¹ã= 16 + 28 + 30 + 19 + 0
SML Res = 16 + 27 +ïŒ26 + 19xïŒ+ 19 + 0
xå€ãéä¿¡ãããšãã®TCP SDU DLMS / COSEMã®æ§æãšãµã€ãºã¯ã次ã®åŒã§èšè¿°ãããŸãã
DLMS Req = TCP Wrapper + GetReqWithList = 8 +ïŒ4 + 11xïŒ
DLMS Res = TCP Wrapper + GetResWithList = 8 +ïŒ4 + 6xïŒ
TCP SDU MMSã®æ§æãšãµã€ãºïŒ
MMS Req = RFC 1006ããã³ISO 8073 + ISO 8327ã»ãã·ã§ã³+ ISOãã¬ãŒã³ããŒã·ã§ã³+ MMS GetListReqPDU = 7 + 4 + 9 + 44
MMS Res = RFC 1006ããã³ISO 8073 + ISO 8327ã»ãã·ã§ã³+ ISOãã¬ãŒã³ããŒã·ã§ã³+ MMS GetListResPDU = 7 + 4 + 9 +ïŒ10 + 6xïŒ
TCP SDU SOAPã®æ§æãšãµã€ãºïŒ
SOAP Req = SOAPããããŒ+ SOAP Req XML = 197 + 236
SOAP Res = SOAPããããŒ+ SOAP Res XML = 113 +ïŒ175 + 32xïŒ
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