5ææ«ã«ã¢ã¹ã¯ã¯ã§éå¬ãããPHDays Vãã©ãŒã©ã ã®ç«¶äºããã°ã©ã ã®æã壮芳ãªèŠçŽ ã®1ã€ã¯ã ã¢ããã³ããã¯ãçºè¡šããã³ã³ãã¹ãã§ããã åå è ã¯ããã±ããçºå°è£ 眮ã«é¢é£ããç£æ¥çšå¶åŸ¡ã·ã¹ãã ãå¶åŸ¡ãããç§å¯æœèšãã§çºç ²ããŸããã
ãªãã¹ãããš
ã¹ã¿ã³ãã¯ã2軞ã§å転ããã¿ã¬ãããšã¿ãŒã²ããã«é 眮ãããããµã€ã«ã©ã³ãã£ãŒã§ããã 競æè ã¯ãå¶åŸ¡ã·ã¹ãã ãžã®ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãååŸããã¿ãŒã²ããã«åããŠã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãå±éãããããããå¿ èŠããããŸããïŒãã ããæ©åšã®æ éã¯ã¿ã¹ã¯ã«ã€ãªãããŸããã§ããïŒã
競äºäžã«ãã¯ã©ãã«ãŒããã§ã«çµç¹ã®å€éšå¢çã«äŸµå ¥ãããããã¯ãŒã¯ã®ãªãã£ã¹ã»ã°ã¡ã³ãã«å®å šã«ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ã§ããç¶æ³ãã·ãã¥ã¬ãŒããããŸããã ã³ãã¯ã¿ã«ã¯ãã·ã¹ãã ã®æ©èœãç£èŠã§ããããã«ããªãã¬ãŒã¿ã¬ãã«ã®ãã°ã€ã³ãšãã¹ã¯ãŒããäžããããŸããã ãŸããèšçœ®ãããããã€ã¹ã®ãã¹ãŠã®IPã¢ãã¬ã¹ã瀺ããµã€ã³ãã¹ã¿ã³ãã«ãããŸããã
ä»å¹Žãåã ã®ã³ã³ãã¹ãã¯CTFã®äžå¯æ¬ ãªéšåã§ããïŒ Habrahabrã«é¢ããèšäºã§è©³ãã説æããŠããŸã ïŒã PHDaysãšããã€ãã®CTFããŒã ãžã®40人以äžã®èšªåè ããã®ã³ã³ãã¹ãã§æãè©ŠããŸããã
æè¡çãªè©³çŽ°
SCADAã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ã¯ãAdvantech TPC-1840WPç£æ¥çšããã«ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒãããŒã¹ãšããããŒããŠã§ã¢ããŒã¹ã§ãããè¿œå ã®ã»ãã¥ãªãã£æ©èœãªãã§Windows 7 Ultimateãªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã·ã¹ãã ãå®è¡ããŠããŸããã
ãªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã·ã¹ãã ã«ã¯ã競æäŒã®éå§æã«ãã¹ãŠã®å®æçãªæŽæ°ããã°ã©ã ãçšæãããŠããŸããã Windowsãã¡ã€ã¢ãŠã©ãŒã«ãæå¹ã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãã SCADAã¯Advantech WebAccess 8.0ãœãããŠã§ã¢ã«å®è£ ãããŸããã
ãã®ãœãããŠã§ã¢ã«ã¯ãšã¯ã¹ããã€ããååšããæªè§£æ±ºã®è匱æ§ãå«ãŸããŠããå¯èœæ§ãããããããªãã¬ãŒã¿ã«ã¯ã³ã³ãããŒã©å ã®ããã»ã¹ã®èŠèŠåãžã®ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ã®ã¿ãèš±å¯ãããŸããã ã³ã³ãããŒã©ãŒã¿ã°ã¯èªã¿åãå°çšã¹ããŒã¿ã¹ã§ãã£ããããã¿ã°ãæžãæããŠãæ©åšã®ããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ã«åœ±é¿ã¯ãããŸããã§ããã 管çè æš©éãååŸãããšãã·ã¹ãã ã®æ§é ãšå éšã¢ãã¬ã¹ã®èª¬æãèšèŒãããã¯ã©ãã«ãŒã®ããŒãžãéããŸããã
SCADAã·ã¹ãã ãšPLCéã®éä¿¡ã¯ãæ¬äŒŒã¬ãžã¹ã¿ã䜿çšããModbus TCPãããã³ã«ã䜿çšããŠå®è¡ãããŸããïŒèªã¿åãã¯ãå ¥åºåã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ããã§ã¯ãªããã³ã³ãããŒã©ãŒããã°ã©ã ã®ã¡ã¢ãªã»ã«ããå®è¡ãããŸããïŒã
éåžžãSCADAã·ã¹ãã WebAccessãžã®ã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ããšç®¡çè ã®äž¡æ¹ã®ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ã¯ãæšæºã®Windowsãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®äžéšã§ããIISã䜿çšããHTML4ãããã³ã«ã䜿çšããŠãInternet Explorerãã©ãŠã¶ãŒãéããŠå®è¡ãããŸãã ããã©ã«ãã§ã¯ããŠãŒã¶ãŒèªèšŒã¯SCADAã·ã¹ãã èªäœã«ãã£ãŠå®è¡ãããŸãã
ç©ççã«ã¯ãSCADAã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ãšPLCéã®éä¿¡ã¯ãåŸæ¥ã®ãã¡ã¹ãã€ãŒãµãããã䜿çšããŠãAdvantech EKI-7659C管çã®L2ã¹ã€ãããä»ããŠå®è¡ãããŸããã åãã¹ã€ãããä»ããŠã競æè ã¯EKI-4654Rãä»ããŠæç·ã§ããŸãã¯EKI-6351ãä»ããŠWi-Fiãä»ããŠæ¥ç¶ãããŸããã ã¹ã€ããã¯ãVLANã®å®è£ ãMACã¢ãã¬ã¹ãã£ã«ã¿ãšããŠã¯äœ¿çšãããŸããã§ããããå®éã«ã¯äœ¿çšãããŸããã ããã«ãã©ãããããããµããããã«æ¥ç¶ãããã¹ã¿ã³ãã管çããŸããã
PLCæ©èœã¯ãWinCE5ãªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã·ã¹ãã ãå®è¡ããŠããARMããã»ããµã«åºã¥ããããã€ã¹ã§ããAdvantech APAX-5620KW PACã³ã³ãããŒã©ãŒã«å®è£ ãããŸããã ã³ã³ãããŒã©ãŒã¯ãã¿ã€ããŒïŒå¶åŸ¡ãããæè¡ããã»ã¹ã®æ¡ä»¶ä»ãæè¡ããã°ã©ã ïŒã§ãã±ããã©ã³ãã£ãŒãåãäœæ¥ãµã€ã¯ã«ãå®è¡ããŸãã ãããè¡ãããã«ãKW Softwareã«ãã£ãŠäœæãããã«ãŒãã«ã¬ãã«ã®ã¿ã¹ã¯ãšããŠå®è¡ãããProConOsãœããããžãã¯ã«ãŒãã«ã䜿çšããŸããã å®éã®ç§»åããã°ã©ã ã¯ãKW Multiprogããã±ãŒãžã䜿çšããŠãã©ããŒããžãã¯ã§ã¹ã¿ã³ãäœæè ã«ãã£ãŠå®è£ ãããŸããã ããã°ã©ã ãµã€ã¯ã«ã¯50ããªç§ã§ãã
ãã®ã³ã³ãããŒã©ãŒã«ã¯ã3ã€ã®æšæºæ¥ç¶æ¹æ³ããããŸãã 1ã€-ããŒã«ã«VGAããã³USBã³ãã¯ã¿ãä»ããŠ-競åä»ç€Ÿã¯å©çšã§ããŸããã§ããã 2çªç®-ãªã¢ãŒããã¹ã¯ãããçµç±-ã¯ãã¹ã¯ãŒãã§ä¿è·ãããŠããŸããã 3çªç®-IEC 61131èšèªã®éçºã·ã¹ãã ãã-softlogic-subsystemã管çããŠãããã°ã§ããŸãã
ç©ççã«ã¯ãã³ã³ãããŒã©ãŒã«ã¯2ã€ã®LANããŒããããããã®ãã¡ã®1ã€ã¯SCADAã·ã¹ãã ïŒãªãã£ã¹ãµããããïŒã«ããã1ã€ã¯I / Oã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ïŒãã£ãŒã«ããµããããïŒã«æ¥ç¶ãããŠããŸããã ãããã¯ãŒã¯ããŒãã¯ãç°ãªããµããããããã¢ãã¬ã¹æå®ãããŸããã ãããã£ãŠãè² è·åæ£ãšã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ã®å ±æã®ã¿ã¹ã¯ã¯è§£æ±ºãããŸããã
I / Oã«ã¯ãADAM-6050ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ïŒè»žæ¹å端éšäœçœ®ã»ã³ãµãŒããã®ãã£ã¹ã¯ãªãŒãå ¥åçšïŒããã³ADAM-6260ïŒãªã¬ãŒå¶åŸ¡çšïŒã䜿çšããŸããã ãããã®ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã«ã¯ãGCLèšèªã§ã®åæ£ããã°ã©ãã³ã°æ©èœããããç·æ¥ä¿è·æ©èœã®å®è£ ã«äœ¿çšãããŸããã ç¹ã«ããã¬ãŒã©ãŒã«è¡çªãããšãDIã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã¯ãã®äºå®ãDOã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã«å ±åããDOã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã¯å¯Ÿå¿ããã¢ãŒã¿ãŒã3ç§éé転ãããŸãã éä¿¡ãäžæããå ŽåããŠã©ããããã°ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããããã¹ãŠã®åºåãç¡å¹ã«ãªããŸããã ããµã€ã«çºå°ãã©ã€ãå¶åŸ¡ãŠãããã§ã¯ãå°çšã®å éšå€æ°ã«è«çã1ããæžã蟌ãããšã§ããã¯ããã€ãã¹ããæ©èœãç¹å¥ã«æ®ãããŠããŸããïŒãã®ãããå éšãµããããå ã®Modbusã¬ãžã¹ã¿ãžã®æžã蟌ã¿æ©èœãå®è¡ããå¿ èŠããããŸããïŒã
ç©ççã«ã¯ãADAM-6260ã®ãã€ãžãŒãã§ãŒã³ãã¯ãããžãŒã䜿çšããŠãå€éšã¹ã€ããã䜿çšããã«ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«éã®éä¿¡ãå®è¡ããŸããã
ç ²å¡èªäœã¯ãç¬ç«ãã5 VDCãŠãããããé»åãäŸçµŠããã3ã€ã®ã¢ãŒã¿ãŒïŒåçŽè»žãšæ°Žå¹³è»žã®åšããå転ããããµã€ã«ãçºå°ããŸãïŒãè£ åããŠããŸããã å転ã¢ãŒã¿ãŒã®é転ãããã³é»æºã®ç絡ã«å¯ŸãããŒãã¬ãã«ã®ä¿è·ãå®è¡ããããã«ããªã¬ãŒåè·¯ã䜿çšãããŸããã ããã«ããã±ããçºå°è£ 眮ã«ã¯ãæçµäœçœ®ïŒå·Šãå³ãäžãäžãäžæå°æïŒã®5ã€ã®å§åã»ã³ãµãŒãè£ åãããŠããŸããã
ã·ã¹ãã ã®ãã¹ãŠã®ã³ã³ããŒãã³ãïŒå¯èœãªå ŽåïŒã«ãã©ãã³èªã®å€§æåãšå°æåãæ°åãå¥èªç¹ãå«ãã8ã10æåã®é·ãã®éèŸæžïŒçæïŒãã¹ã¯ãŒããã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããŸããã
æŠéé²è¡
ãã®ã³ã³ãã¹ãã¯ãPositive Hack Daysãã©ãŒã©ã ã®2æ¥éã«ããã£ãŠéå¬ãããŸããã
åæ¥
åæ¥ãåå è ã¯äž»ã«å€éšãµããããã®æ§é ãç解ããSCADAãéããŠã·ã¹ãã ã«åœ±é¿ãäžããããšããŸããã ããã«ãŒã¯ããã¡ã€ã¢ãŠã©ãŒã«ãå«ããªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã·ã¹ãã ãµãŒãã¹ããªãã«ããæ°ãããŠãŒã¶ãŒããããã¯ãããŠïŒç®¡çè ã¬ãã«ã§ã¯ãªãïŒãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒã2ååèµ·åããããšãã§ããŸããã
Windowsãšã¯ã¹ããã€ããšSCADAã·ã¹ãã ã䜿çšããŠããäœäººãã®äººã ã¯ãWebAccessãžã®ç®¡çè ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãååŸããã¿ã°ã®èª¬æã«ç²Ÿéããã·ã¹ãã ã®ã«ãŒãã«ãåæ¢ããæ©äŒãåŸãŸããã ãã ããã·ã¹ãã ã¯ã¿ã°ãæžãæããããšããŠãå¿çãããWindowsã¹ã±ãžã¥ãŒã©ã䜿çšããŠã«ãŒãã«ãèªåçã«åèµ·åããŸããã å€æ¹ãç²ãæãŠãããã«ãŒã¯ã·ã¹ãã ã®ããŒãžã®1ã€ã«ãµã€ã³ãæ®ããæãŸã§ãã®è©Šã¿ã延æããŸããã
äºæ¥ç®
2æ¥ç®ã®ååã¯ãå¶åŸ¡ä¿¡å·ã®ãœãŒã¹ãæ¢ããŠééããŸããã åå è ã®1人ãWinCE5ã§ãªãŒãã³ãªãšã¯ã¹ããã€ããçºèŠããŸãããã䜿çšã§ããŸããã§ããã
14æã競æè ã«ã¯ãã³ã³ãããŒã©ãŒã®å€éšã»ã°ã¡ã³ããèªã¿åãå°çšã¹ããŒã¿ã¹ã§ãããšãããã³ããäžããããã³ã³ãããŒã©ãŒããééãããå¿ èŠããããŸãã
ãã®æç¹ã§ãCTFããŒã RDotãã¹ã¿ã³ãã®äœæ¥ã«åå ããŸããã ããŒã ã¡ã³ããŒã¯1æéå以å ã«ãAPAX-5620ãªã¢ãŒããã¹ã¯ãããã«ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ããsoftlogicã¿ã¹ã¯ãã匷å¶çµäºãããŠå®è¡ãããããã¯ãŒã¯ã¢ããã¿ãŒã®ãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãŒãæäœããããšãã§ããŸããã
ãŸããåºå Žè ã®1人ã¯ãè¿ä¿¡ãã±ãããåä¿¡ããã«LAN1ããLAN2ã«ãã±ããã転éã§ãããšäž»åŒµããŸããã ãã ããModbusã®ã€ããªãã®ãŒã§ã¯ããã®æ©äŒãç Žå£çãªè¡åã«äœ¿çšããããšã¯ã§ããŸããã§ããã
15æãã¹ã¿ã³ãã«æ©æ¢°çãªåé¡ãçŸããŸããã 競æè ã¯ãã³ã³ãããŒã©ã§KW Multiprogäœæ¥ããã±ãŒãžãèãæ©äŒãåŸãŸãã-åæ¢ãã³ã³ãããŒã©ã®åèµ·åããããã°ã¢ãŒãã®æå¹åãã³ã³ãããŒã©ã®ã¡ã¢ãªã»ã«ã«é¢é£ãã匷å¶æ©èœã®äœ¿çšã ããããåºå Žè ã¯åãåã£ãæ å ±ã®äœ¿çšãå®èšŒããŸããã§ããã
16æãåå è ã«ã¯APAXããã³ADAMã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã®ãœãŒã¹ã³ãŒããæäŸãããéåžžã®ããã°ã©ã ãå®è¡ããå¯èœæ§ãæ€çŽ¢ãããŸããã RDotããŒã ã¯ãããã°ã©ã ãã³ã³ãããŒã©ãŒããèªã¿æ»ãããšã«æåãïŒãã®æ©èœã¯KW Softwareã®ãã¹ã¯ãŒãã§æ éã«ä¿è·ãããŠããªãã£ãïŒããããã°ã¢ãŒãããªã³ã«ããã³ã³ãããŒã©ãŒã¬ãžã¹ã¿ã®åäœãç£èŠããããšã«æåããŸããã
ååŸ5æããŠãŒã¶ãŒã¯å éšãµããããã«å ¥ãããšãèš±å¯ãããŸããã å®éãç·æ¥ä¿è·ã·ã¹ãã ã«å¯ŸããDDoSæ»æã¯ãã·ã¹ãã ãç¡å¹ã«ããããšããè©Šã¿ããå§ãŸããŸããã
ã³ã³ãã¹ããååŸ6æã«çµäºãããŸã§ã«ãã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã®ãã¡ãŒã ãŠã§ã¢ãžã®åœ±é¿ã®çè·¡ã¯ãããŸããããGCLããã°ã©ã ãåæ¢ããããç¹å®ã®ç®çã®ããã«åºåãå¶åŸ¡ãããããããšã¯ã§ããŸããã§ããã ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã®æ©èœã®ä¿®åŸ©ã¯ãä¿®çã»ã³ã¿ãŒã®ç¶æ ã§ã¯ãªããã®ã®ãã¹ã¿ã³ãã®å€ã§ãã§ã«å®è¡ãããŸããã
è³åã¯ããã€ã³ãåäœãã§é åžãããŸããã
- ç§ã¯ãAPAXã³ã³ãããŒã©ãŒã®ãªã¢ãŒããã¹ã¯ããããéãããã®RdotããŒã ã®Arthur G.ãIEC61131ã®ãœãŒã¹ã³ãŒãã§ã®æåããä»äºã
- IIäœ-Pavel I.圌ãSCADAã·ã¹ãã ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ãžã®ç®¡çè ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãæåã«ååŸããåªé ã«æ±ã£ããšããäºå®ã
- IIIäœ-Alexander Y.ãžãAPAXã³ã³ãããŒã©ãŒã®ããŒãéã§ãã±ããã転éããç·åŽåãè²»ãããŸãã
æ °ãã®è³-ãœãŒã·ã£ã«ãšã³ãžãã¢ãªã³ã°ææ³ã䜿çšããïŒç®¡çè ã®ã©ãããããã§SCADAãããžã§ã¯ãã®ããã¯ã¢ãããçºèŠãããããã管çè ãã¹ã¯ãŒããååŸããïŒAlexey P.
ãããã«
ã³ã³ãã¹ãã®çµæã«ç¶ããŠãäž»å¬è ã¯æ¬¡ã®éèŠãªçµè«ãåºããŸããã
- ç£æ¥ç®¡çã·ã¹ãã ã¯ãã»ãšãã©ã®äŸµå ¥è ã«ãšã£ãŠäžè¬çã«æ°ãããã®ã§ãã ãããã®æ¹æ³ã¯ãäž»ã«åŒ·å¶çã«äœ¿çšãããïŒããŒãæ»æïŒããã·ã¹ãã ã®è©³çŽ°ãèæ ®ããªãïŒWiresharkã䜿çšããŠModbusãã©ãã£ãã¯ãç£èŠããïŒãã®ã§ãã ãã ããååãªåæ©ãããã°ãã·ã¹ãã ã®æ§é ãšãã®éåžžã®äœ¿çšæ¹æ³ãç解ã§ããŸãã
- æãè匱ãªèŠçŽ ã¯ããªãã¬ãŒã¿ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹ã«è¿ãèŠçŽ -SCADAã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ããã°ã€ã³ããªã¢ãŒããã¹ã¯ãããã§ãã WindowsããŒã¹ã®ã·ã¹ãã ã§ã¯ãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒèªäœïŒãã¡ã€ã¢ãŠã©ãŒã«ïŒãšéä¿¡ãã£ãã«ïŒæå·åïŒã®äž¡æ¹ã«è¿œå ã®ãœãããŠã§ã¢ä¿è·ãå¿ èŠã§ãã
- ãšã³ã¿ãŒãã©ã€ãºãã¹ãšãã£ãŒã«ããã¹ã¯ãå°ãªããšã2ã€ã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã«ãŒããåããããã€ã¹ã«ãã£ãŠç©ççã«åé¢ãããŠããå¿ èŠããããŸãã VLANã®äœ¿çšã¯ãã¹ã€ããã®Webã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹ã®è匱æ§ã®ãããåžžã«å¹æçãšã¯ã»ã©é ããã®ã§ãã