C＃でデリゲートが必要なのはなぜですか？

次のクラスのアーキテクチャを考えると、実行可能なコードを引数として渡すことが非常に役立つことを理解しています。 これにより、一連のifやcaseを回避し、コードをよりエレガントにすることができます。 エヘム...私は夢中になったもの。



では、これはC＃でどのように行われますか？ たとえば、電卓を作成し、最も単純なロジックがあるとします。

public double PerformOperation(string op, double x, double y)
{
	switch (op)
	{
		case "+": return x + y;
		case "-": return x - y;
		case "*": return x * y;
		case "/": return x / y;
		default: throw new ArgumentException(string.Format("Operation {0} is invalid", op), "op");
	}
}

      
      

        
        
        
      

    
        
        
        
      
      

        
        
        
      

    
    

, :

• . . .
• . , switch .

?



:

switch (op)
{
	case "+": return this.DoAddition(x, y);
	case "-": return this.DoSubtraction(x, y);
	case "*": return this.DoMultiplication(x, y);
	case "/": return this.DoDivision(x, y);
	default: throw new ArgumentException(string.Format("Operation {0} is invalid", op), "op");
}
...
private double DoDivision(double x, double y) { return x / y; }
private double DoMultiplication(double x, double y) { return x * y; }
private double DoSubtraction(double x, double y) { return x - y; }
private double DoAddition(double x, double y) { return x + y; }

      
      

        
        
        
      

    
        
        
        
      
      

        
        
        
      

    
    

:

private delegate double OperationDelegate(double x, double y);
private Dictionary<string, OperationDelegate> _operations;

public Calculator()
{
	_operations =
		new Dictionary<string, OperationDelegate>
		{
			{ "+", this.DoAddition },
			{ "-", this.DoSubtraction },
			{ "*", this.DoMultiplication },
			{ "/", this.DoDivision },
		};
}

public double PerformOperation(string op, double x, double y)
{
	if (!_operations.ContainsKey(op))
		throw new ArgumentException(string.Format("Operation {0} is invalid", op), "op");
	return _operations[op](x, y);
}

      
      

        
        
        
      

    
        
        
        
      
      

        
        
        
      

    
    

? — .

private delegate double OperationDelegate(double x, double y);
private Dictionary<string, OperationDelegate> _operations;

      
      

        
        
        
      

    
        
        
        
      
      

        
        
        
      

    
    

. , . double double. (+-*/) .

: .



,

{ "+", this.DoAddition }
      
      

        
        
        
      

    
        
        
        
      
      

        
        
        
      

    
    

case "+": return x + y;
      
      

        
        
        
      

    
        
        
        
      
      

        
        
        
      

    
    

C# 2.0 :

{ "+", delegate(double x, double y) { return x + y; } },
{ "-", delegate(double x, double y) { return x - y; } },
{ "*", this.DoMultiplication },
{ "/", this.DoDivision },

      
      

        
        
        
      

    
        
        
        
      
      

        
        
        
      

    
    

, . ...



C# 3.0 :

private Dictionary<string, Func<double, double, double>> _operations =
	new Dictionary<string, Func<double, double, double>>
	{
		{ "+", (x, y) => x + y },
		{ "-", (x, y) => x - y },
		{ "*", this.DoMultiplication },
		{ "/", this.DoDivision },
	};

      
      

        
        
        
      

    
        
        
        
      
      

        
        
        
      

    
    

--, — !

Func<double, double, double>  delegate double Delegate(double x, double y)

      
      

        
        
        
      

    
        
        
        
      
      

        
        
        
      

    
    

Func< , , >. Func , . , Func , , . ?





? PerformOperation .

public double PerformOperation(string op, double x, double y)
{
	if (!_operations.ContainsKey(op))
		throw new ArgumentException(string.Format("Operation {0} is invalid", op), "op");
	return _operations[op](x, y);
}

      
      

        
        
        
      

    
        
        
        
      
      

        
        
        
      

    
    

operations . xml-, , . Func<double, double, double>



.



C# , .





JavaScript

var operations = { "+": function(x, y) { return x + y; } };

      
      

        
        
        
      

    
        
        
        
      
      

        
        
        
      

    
    

-?



: C# - , . , . .



, .

PerformOperation . DefineOperation Calculator:

public void DefineOperation(string op, Func<double, double, double> body)
{
	if (_operations.ContainsKey(op))
		throw new ArgumentException(string.Format("Operation {0} already exists", op), "op");
	_operations.Add(op, body);
}

      
      

        
        
        
      

    
        
        
        
      
      

        
        
        
      

    
    

:

var calc = new Calculator();
calc.DefineOperation("mod", (x, y) => x % y);
var mod = calc.PerformOperation("mod", 3.0, 2.0);
Assert.AreEqual(1.0, mod);

      
      

        
        
        
      

    
        
        
        
      
      

        
        
        
      

    
    

PerformOperation switch.